SSH项目，访问jsp页面出现报错，控制台显示报错信息：

  1. org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateQueryException: unexpected token: * near line 1, column 8 [select * from tb_chaper where course_id = 2]; nested exception is org.hibernate.hql.ast.QuerySyntaxException: unexpected token: * near line 1, column 8 [select * from tb_chaper where course_id = 2]
  2.     at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.convertHibernateAccessException(SessionFactoryUtils.java:657)
  3.     at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateAccessor.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateAccessor.java:412)
  4.     at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.doExecute(HibernateTemplate.java:424)
  5.     at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.executeWithNativeSession(HibernateTemplate.java:374)
  6.     at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.find(HibernateTemplate.java:921)
  7.     at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.find(HibernateTemplate.java:913)
  8.     at cn.test.web.dao.impl.ChaperDaoImpl.totalPagesPrimary(ChaperDaoImpl.java:34)
  9.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
  10.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
  11.     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
  12.     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
  13.     at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:307)
  14.     at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:182)
  15.     at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:149)
  16.     at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:106)
  17.     at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171)
  18.     at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:89)
  19.     at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171)
  20.     at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:204)
  21.     at $Proxy10.totalPagesPrimary(Unknown Source)
  22.     at cn.test.web.service.impl.ChaperServiceImpl.totalPagesPrimary(ChaperServiceImpl.java:43)
  23.     at cn.test.web.action.ChaperListAction.execute(ChaperListAction.java:38)
  24.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
  25.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
  26.     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
  27.     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
  28.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:440)
  29.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly(DefaultActionInvocation.java:279)
  30.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:242)
  31.     at cn.test.web.interceptor.LoginInterceptor.intercept(LoginInterceptor.java:17)
  32.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  33.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:163)
  34.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
  35.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  36.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:249)
  37.     at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
  38.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
  39.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  40.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:122)
  41.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  42.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
  43.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
  44.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  45.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
  46.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
  47.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  48.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:148)
  49.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  50.     at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:93)
  51.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  52.     at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:235)
  53.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  54.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:89)
  55.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  56.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:128)
  57.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  58.     at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor.intercept(ProfilingActivationInterceptor.java:104)
  59.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  60.     at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:267)
  61.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  62.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:126)
  63.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  64.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:138)
  65.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
  66.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  67.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:148)
  68.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  69.     at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
  70.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  71.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:128)
  72.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  73.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
  74.     at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:236)
  75.     at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52)
  76.     at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:468)
  77.     at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77)
  78.     at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:76)
  79.     at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
  80.     at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
  81.     at cn.test.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:31)
  82.     at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
  83.     at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
  84.     at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
  85.     at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
  86.     at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
  87.     at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
  88.     at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
  89.     at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293)
  90.     at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:861)
  91.     at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:606)
  92.     at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
  93.     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)

查了一下Dao层方法，里面的hql写成了sql语句，从而导致这样的报错。
总结一下原因：

hibernate框架在映射数据库表时，是将表转换为实体类，用操作数据对象代替操作表，这跟java语言面向对面象的操作原来一样，hql提供更加丰富灵活、更为强大的查询能力，hql语句对应实体类和实体类的属性进行了封装，查询语句from后面接的不是表名称，而是javabean实体对象名，where条件后面的不是表字段，而是javabean实体属性名。

扩展提示，网上其他答案：在hibernate里面写sql执行时候要用了session.createQuery(sql); 需要用session.createSQLQuerysql);

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