ElasticSearch7.3学习(二十)----采用restful风格查询详解
1、Query DSL入门
1.1 DSL
DSL:Domain Specified Language，特定领域的语言。es特有的搜索语言，可在请求体中携带搜索条件，功能强大。
查询全部
GET /book/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} }
}排序
GET /book/_search
{
"query" : {
"match" : {
"name" : " java"
}
},
"sort": [
{ "price": "desc" }
]
}分页查询
GET /book/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"from": 0,
"size": 1
}指定返回字段
GET /book/_search
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"_source": ["name", "studymodel"]
}通过组合以上各种类型查询，实现复杂查询。
1.2 Query DSL语法
{
QUERY_NAME: {
ARGUMENT: VALUE,
ARGUMENT: VALUE,...
}
}{
QUERY_NAME: {
FIELD_NAME: {
ARGUMENT: VALUE,
ARGUMENT: VALUE,...
}
}
}GET /test_index/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"test_field": "test"
}
}
}1.3 组合多个搜索条件
搜索需求：
title字段必须包含elasticsearch，content可以包含elasticsearch也可以不包含，author_id必须不为111初始数据：
POST /website/_doc/1
{
"title": "my hadoop article",
"content": "hadoop is very bad",
"author_id": 111
}
POST /website/_doc/2
{
"title": "my elasticsearch article",
"content": "es is very bad",
"author_id": 112
}
POST /website/_doc/3
{
"title": "my elasticsearch article",
"content": "es is very goods",
"author_id": 111
}搜索：
GET /website/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"title": "elasticsearch"
}
}
],
"should": [
{
"match": {
"content": "elasticsearch"
}
}
],
"must_not": [
{
"match": {
"author_id": 111
}
}
]
}
}
}返回：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.47000363,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.47000363,
"_source" : {
"title" : "my elasticsearch article",
"content" : "es is very bad",
"author_id" : 112
}
}
]
}
}再次查询一个更复杂的搜索需求，例如如下sql语句，采用ElasticSearch来实现。
select * from test_index where name='tom' or (hired =true and (personality ='good' and rude != true ))ES语句如下：
GET /test_index/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": { "match":{ "name": "tom" }},
"should": [
{ "match":{ "hired": true }},
{ "bool": {
"must":{ "match": { "personality": "good" }},
"must_not": { "match": { "rude": true }}
}}
],
"minimum_should_match": 1
}
}
}2、full-text search 全文检索
2.1 全文检索
首先创建book索引
PUT /book/
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 1,
"number_of_replicas": 0
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
},
"description": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
},
"studymodel": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"price": {
"type": "double"
},
"timestamp": {
"type": "date",
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
},
"pic": {
"type": "text",
"index": false
}
}
}
}插入数据
PUT /book/_doc/1
{
"name": "Bootstrap开发",
"description": "Bootstrap是由Twitter推出的一个前台页面开发css框架，是一个非常流行的开发框架，此框架集成了多种页面效果。此开发框架包含了大量的CSS、JS程序代码，可以帮助开发者（尤其是不擅长css页面开发的程序人员）轻松的实现一个css，不受浏览器限制的精美界面css效果。",
"studymodel": "201002",
"price": 38.6,
"timestamp": "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic": "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags": [
"bootstrap",
"dev"
]
}
PUT /book/_doc/2
{
"name": "java编程思想",
"description": "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel": "201001",
"price": 68.6,
"timestamp": "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic": "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags": [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
PUT /book/_doc/3
{
"name": "spring开发基础",
"description": "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel": "201001",
"price": 88.6,
"timestamp": "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic": "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags": [
"spring",
"java"
]
}先简单的搜索一下，搜索description中包含java程序员的数据
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"description": "java程序员"
}
}
}结果如下
{
"took" : 257,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 2.137549,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 2.137549,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.57961315,
"_source" : {
"name" : "java编程思想",
"description" : "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 68.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
}
]
}
}2.2 _score简单介绍
对于上面的搜索结果来进行一个简单的结果分析
1、建立索引时, description字段 term 倒排索引
| 关键词 | 文档 |
| java | 2，3 |
| 程序员 | 3 |
2、搜索时，直接找description中含有java的文档 2,3，并且3号文档含有两个java字段，一个程序员，所以得分高，排在前面。2号文档含有一个java，排在后面。
这里只是简单的介绍一下_score这个字段的作用，更详细的后续会介绍。
3、DSL 语法练习
3.1 match_all
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "Bootstrap开发",
"description" : "Bootstrap是由Twitter推出的一个前台页面开发css框架，是一个非常流行的开发框架，此框架集成了多种页面效果。此开发框架包含了大量的CSS、JS程序代码，可以帮助开发者（尤其是不擅长css页面开发的程序人员）轻松的实现一个css，不受浏览器限制的精美界面css效果。",
"studymodel" : "201002",
"price" : 38.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"bootstrap",
"dev"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "java编程思想",
"description" : "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 68.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.2 match
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"description": "java程序员"
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 2.137549,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 2.137549,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.57961315,
"_source" : {
"name" : "java编程思想",
"description" : "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 68.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.3 multi_match
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"multi_match": {
"query": "java程序员",
"fields": [
"name"
]
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.9331132,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.9331132,
"_source" : {
"name" : "java编程思想",
"description" : "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 68.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.4 range query 范围查询
gt 大于 gte 大于等于
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"price": {
"gte": 80,
"lte": 90
}
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 2,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.5 term query
字段为keyword时，存储和搜索都不分词
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"description": "java程序员"
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}3.6 terms query
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"terms": {
"tag": [
"search",
"full_text",
"nosql"
]
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}3.7 exist query 查询有某些字段值的文档
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"exists": {
"field": "join_date"
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}3.8 Fuzzy query 模糊查询
返回包含与搜索词类似的词的文档，该词由Levenshtein编辑距离度量。
包括以下几种情况：
更改角色（box→fox）
删除字符（aple→apple）
插入字符（sick→sic）
调换两个相邻字符（ACT→CAT）
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"description": {
"value": "jave"
}
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 78,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.59524715,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.59524715,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.43470988,
"_source" : {
"name" : "java编程思想",
"description" : "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 68.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.9 IDs
查询id
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"ids": {
"values" : ["1", "4", "100"]
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "Bootstrap开发",
"description" : "Bootstrap是由Twitter推出的一个前台页面开发css框架，是一个非常流行的开发框架，此框架集成了多种页面效果。此开发框架包含了大量的CSS、JS程序代码，可以帮助开发者（尤其是不擅长css页面开发的程序人员）轻松的实现一个css，不受浏览器限制的精美界面css效果。",
"studymodel" : "201002",
"price" : 38.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"bootstrap",
"dev"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.10 prefix 前缀查询
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"prefix": {
"description": {
"value": "spring"
}
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 2,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
}
]
}
}3.11 regexp query 正则查询
以j开头，以a结尾 .*一个或多个
GET /book/_search
{
"query": {
"regexp": {
"description": {
"value": "j.*a",
"flags": "ALL",
"max_determinized_states": 10000,
"rewrite": "constant_score"
}
}
}
}结果：
查看代码
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "java编程思想",
"description" : "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 68.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-25 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"java",
"dev"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "spring开发基础",
"description" : "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",
"studymodel" : "201001",
"price" : 88.6,
"timestamp" : "2019-08-24 19:11:35",
"pic" : "group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg",
"tags" : [
"spring",
"java"
]
}
}
]
}
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