oracle中的exists 和not exists 用法详解(转)

有两个简单例子，以说明 “exists”和“in”的效率问题

1) select * from T1 where exists(select 1 from T2 where T1.a=T2.a) ;

T1数据量小而T2数据量非常大时，T1<<T2 时，1) 的查询效率高。

2) select * from T1 where T1.a in (select T2.a from T2) ;

T1数据量非常大而T2数据量小时，T1>>T2 时，2) 的查询效率高。

exists 用法：

“select 1 from T2 where T1.a=T2.a” 相当于一个关联表查询，相当于

“select 1 from T1,T2     where T1.a=T2.a”

但是，如果你当当执行 1） 句括号里的语句，是会报语法错误的，这也是使用exists需要注意的地方。

“exists（xxx）”如果括号里的语句能查出记录，则true；反之，false。

因此“select 1”这里的 “1”其实是无关紧要的，换成“*”也没问题，它只在乎括号里的数据能不能查找出来，是否存在这样的记录，如果存在，这 1） 句的where 条件成立。

in 的用法：

继续引用上面的例子

“2) select * from T1 where T1.a in (select T2.a from T2) ”

这里的“in”后面括号里的语句搜索出来的字段的内容一定要相对应，一般来说，T1和T2这两个表的a字段表达的意义应该是一样的，否则这样查没什么意义。

打个比方：T1，T2表都有一个字段，表示工单号，但是T1表示工单号的字段名叫“ticketid”，T2则为“id”，但是其表达的意义是一样的，而且数据格式也是一样的。这时，用 2）的写法就可以这样：

“select * from T1 where T1.ticketid in (select T2.id from T2) ”

Select name from employee where name not in (select name from student);

Select name from employee where not exists (select name from student);

第一句SQL语句的执行效率不如第二句。

通过使用EXISTS，Oracle会首先检查主查询，然后运行子查询直到它找到第一个匹配项，这就节省了时间。Oracle在执行IN子查询时，首先执行子查询，并将获得的结果列表存放在一个加了索引的临时表中。在执行子查询之前，系统先将主查询挂起，待子查询执行完毕，存放在临时表中以后再执行主查询。这也就是使用EXISTS比使用IN通常查询速度快的原因

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_601d1ce30100cyrb.html

Tips:

oracle in的用法限制：
ORA-01975:列表中的最大表达式数为1000 ，解决办法是使用Or连接两个in或拆成两个sql,然后使用union连接

select *
  from dba_users u
 where u.user_id in (
 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,
 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,
 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,
 61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,
 81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,
 101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,
 121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,
 141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,
 161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,
 181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,
 201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,
 221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,
 241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,
 261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,
 281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,
 301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,
 321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,
 341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,
 361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,
 381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,
 401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,
 421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,
 441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,
 461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,
 481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,
 501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,
 521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,
 541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,
 561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,
 581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,
 601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,
 621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,
 641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,
 661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,
 681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,
 701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,
 721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,
 741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,
 761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,
 781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,
 801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,
 821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,
 841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,
 861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,
 881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,
 901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918,919,920,
 921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,
 941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,
 961,962,963,964,965,966,967,968,969,970,971,972,973,974,975,976,977,978,979,980,
 981,982,983,984,985,986,987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995,996,997,998,999,1000,
 1001)