运维自动化之ansible的安装与使用(包括模块与playbook使用)(转发)
原文 http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1435415
我使用过puppet(地址是http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1040552)与salt(地址是http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1312503),但这2个软件都需要安装客户端,并且更新很快,每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事,尤其是salt,喜欢他的命令功能,但bug太多,不敢在公司线上使用,puppet虽然稳定,但弄命令执行的时候,需要mco配置,非常麻烦,我公司由于跟多家公司合作,很多业务没办法安装客户端,所以没办法使用puppet与salt(虽然salt有ssh,但不太好使),最后找到了ansible,他既有命令执行也有配置管理,关键开发它的语言是python,paramiko进行ssh连接,跟我之前开发的自动管理软件都是使用paramiko进行操作(http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1159510),不需要安装客户端,满足我的需求,下面给大家介绍一下我是如何使用的。
一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m
由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
yum install ansible
如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本,可以去github里下载源码
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/ root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 17:23:27 # ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts 其中ansible.cfg是配置文件,hosts是管理主机信息 17:24:44 # cat hosts 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [zabbix] 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [vpn] 172.17.0.10
16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping SSH password: 127.0.0.1 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping SSH password: 172.17.0.5 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 172.17.0.4 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 172.17.0.2 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
如果你有多台服务器的话,想并发运行,可以使用-f参数,默认是并发5
11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> xterm
11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/server", "gid": 505, "group": "test", "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e", "mode": "0664", "owner": "test", "size": 7, "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source", "state": "file", "uid": 503 }
去客户端查看文件是否传输过来
11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 76 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> server
还有另外一个模块file,可以修改用户与权限
13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
server文件是664权限,用户与组都是test
13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/server", "size": 7, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n" ] }
三、playbook配置管理
A.进行一下shell模块操作,测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
然后写一个删除的playbook
[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: delete /tmp/server-test shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >> ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
B.进行一下template模块操作,测试文件传输
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模块,测试一下服务重启
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ] [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 84 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml [root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}} with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug输出
[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: debug to print interface debug: msg="{{item}}" with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [debug to print interface] ********************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => { "item": "10.10.32.34", "msg": "10.10.32.34" }
G.check模式,仅检测,但不实行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
使用diff与不使用作对比
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** --- before +++ after @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ +server changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "10.10.32.34", "10.10.32.34" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667" ], "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007", "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs", "ansible_cmdline": { "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc", "KEYTABLE": "us", "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", "quiet": true, "rd_NO_DM": true, "rd_NO_LUKS": true, "rd_NO_LVM": true, "rd_NO_MD": true, "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c" },
数据太多,我就展示部分。
10、优化ansible-playbook运行时间
默认playbook是进行客户端fact搜集,一般如果你配置里没有使用fact的话,可以关闭这样就能减少运行时间
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test # gather_facts: False tasks: - name: echo hi shell: echo "hi" [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m8.396s user 0m0.796s sys 0m0.158s [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m3.309s user 0m0.724s sys 0m0.108s [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m3.409s user 0m0.716s sys 0m0.099s
可以看到第一次8s,后2次都是3s
下面是优化后(未使用fact)
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: echo hi shell: echo "hi" [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m2.758s user 0m0.585s sys 0m0.096s [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m2.359s user 0m0.565s sys 0m0.077s
默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
在这个目录创建一个目录hostname,然后把下面文件放到此目录
15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname #!/bin/bash #This script is modify system hostname set -e # This is potentially dangerous source ${1} OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)" CHANGED="False" if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ]; then hostname $hostname OLDHOSTNAME="$hostname" CHANGED="True" fi echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}" exit 0
查看一下vpn的当前hostname
15:03:29 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34
15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml - name: Test the hostname file hosts: vpn tasks: - name: Set the hostname hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34
15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k SSH password: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名
16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml - name: Test the hostname file hosts: vpn tasks: - name: Set the hostname hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test
16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 16:26:55 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34-test
扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量,在执行的时候制定变量从而执行,大大的提供了重复使用率
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件内容
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: {{host}} remote_user: {{user}} gather_facts: {{gather}} tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题,使用--synctax-check
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11 --- - hosts: {{host}} ^ This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value. For instance, if the original line was: app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo It should be written as: app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo" We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with missing quotes. Always quote template expression brackets when they start a value. For instance: with_items: - {{ foo }} Should be written as: with_items: - "{{ foo }}" This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value. For instance, if the original line was: app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo It should be written as: app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: "{{host}}" remote_user: "{{user}}" gather_facts: "{{gather}}" tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). playbook: delete_vars.yml
没有问题了,在运行一下
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry 172.17.0.10 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=1 failed=0
无法运行,原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后,判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除,而我在运行的指定不收集fact,下面在指定收集fact
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
13、tags
使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml --- - hosts: "{{host}}" remote_user: "{{user}}" gather_facts: "{{gather}}" tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" tags: server-1 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" tags: server-2
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看一下客户端的文件情况
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
从上面测试可以看到,如果playbook使用了tag,并且在运行中指定tag,那么运行的时候仅允许此tag的信息
下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}} with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到如果不知道tag,那么运行的时候,会全部运行。
FAQ:
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
SSH password: 172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> { "failed": true, "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!", "parsed": false }
原因是python版本过低,要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson,下面是官方的话
On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:
SSH password: 172.17.0.4 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
2、默认ansible是使用key验证的,如果使用密码登陆的服务器,使用ansible的话,要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass = True给取消注释,要不就在运行命令时候加上-k,这个意思是-k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错
paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established. The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
如果想解决此问题,需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释
4、如果出现
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei 172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file 172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
需要你在最后添加参数-k
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >> xterm 172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >> xterm
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