运维自动化之ansible的安装与使用(包括模块与playbook使用)(转发)
原文 http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1435415
我使用过puppet(地址是http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1040552)与salt(地址是http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1312503),但这2个软件都需要安装客户端,并且更新很快,每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事,尤其是salt,喜欢他的命令功能,但bug太多,不敢在公司线上使用,puppet虽然稳定,但弄命令执行的时候,需要mco配置,非常麻烦,我公司由于跟多家公司合作,很多业务没办法安装客户端,所以没办法使用puppet与salt(虽然salt有ssh,但不太好使),最后找到了ansible,他既有命令执行也有配置管理,关键开发它的语言是python,paramiko进行ssh连接,跟我之前开发的自动管理软件都是使用paramiko进行操作(http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1159510),不需要安装客户端,满足我的需求,下面给大家介绍一下我是如何使用的。
一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel
- rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
- rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
- 17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue
- CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
- Kernel \r on an \m
由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
- yum install ansible
如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本,可以去github里下载源码
- git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
- 17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/
- root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
- 17:23:27 # ll
- total 12
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts
- 其中ansible.cfg是配置文件,hosts是管理主机信息
- 17:24:44 # cat hosts
- 172.17.0.2:49154
- 172.17.0.4:49155
- [zabbix]
- 172.17.0.2:49154
- 172.17.0.4:49155
- [vpn]
- 172.17.0.10
- 16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping
- SSH password:
- 127.0.0.1 | success >> {
- "changed": false,
- "ping": "pong"
- }
- root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
- 16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.5 | success >> {
- "changed": false,
- "ping": "pong"
- }
- 172.17.0.4 | success >> {
- "changed": false,
- "ping": "pong"
- }
- 172.17.0.2 | success >> {
- "changed": false,
- "ping": "pong"
- }
如果你有多台服务器的话,想并发运行,可以使用-f参数,默认是并发5
- 11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- xterm
- 11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success >> {
- "changed": true,
- "dest": "/tmp/server",
- "gid": 505,
- "group": "test",
- "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e",
- "mode": "0664",
- "owner": "test",
- "size": 7,
- "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source",
- "state": "file",
- "uid": 503
- }
去客户端查看文件是否传输过来
- 11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 76
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
- 11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- server
还有另外一个模块file,可以修改用户与权限
- 13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
server文件是664权限,用户与组都是test
- 13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success >> {
- "changed": true,
- "gid": 0,
- "group": "root",
- "mode": "0755",
- "owner": "root",
- "path": "/tmp/server",
- "size": 7,
- "state": "file",
- "uid": 0
- }
- root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
- 13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
- 14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success >> {
- "changed": true,
- "msg": "",
- "rc": 0,
- "results": [
- "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n"
- ]
- }
三、playbook配置管理
A.进行一下shell模块操作,测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
然后写一个删除的playbook
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- tasks:
- - name: delete /tmp/server-test
- shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] ***********************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
- ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
B.进行一下template模块操作,测试文件传输
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- tasks:
- - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
- template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模块,测试一下服务重启
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 84
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- gather_facts: False
- tasks:
- - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
- template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
- with_items:
- - server-1
- - server-2
- - server-3
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 96
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 96
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- gather_facts: True
- tasks:
- - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
- shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
- when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 92
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug输出
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- gather_facts: True
- tasks:
- - name: debug to print interface
- debug: msg="{{item}}"
- with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [debug to print interface] **********************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => {
- "item": "10.10.32.34",
- "msg": "10.10.32.34"
- }
G.check模式,仅检测,但不实行
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 92
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
- ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
- ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
使用diff与不使用作对比
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 92
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
- --- before
- +++ after
- @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
- +server
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
- ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
- ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success >> {
- "ansible_facts": {
- "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
- "10.10.32.34",
- "10.10.32.34"
- ],
- "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
- "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667"
- ],
- "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
- "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007",
- "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs",
- "ansible_cmdline": {
- "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",
- "KEYTABLE": "us",
- "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
- "quiet": true,
- "rd_NO_DM": true,
- "rd_NO_LUKS": true,
- "rd_NO_LVM": true,
- "rd_NO_MD": true,
- "rhgb": true,
- "ro": true,
- "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c"
- },
数据太多,我就展示部分。
10、优化ansible-playbook运行时间
默认playbook是进行客户端fact搜集,一般如果你配置里没有使用fact的话,可以关闭这样就能减少运行时间
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- # gather_facts: False
- tasks:
- - name: echo hi
- shell: echo "hi"
- [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- real 0m8.396s
- user 0m0.796s
- sys 0m0.158s
- [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- real 0m3.309s
- user 0m0.724s
- sys 0m0.108s
- [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- real 0m3.409s
- user 0m0.716s
- sys 0m0.099s
可以看到第一次8s,后2次都是3s
下面是优化后(未使用fact)
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- gather_facts: False
- tasks:
- - name: echo hi
- shell: echo "hi"
- [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- real 0m2.758s
- user 0m0.585s
- sys 0m0.096s
- [root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- real 0m2.359s
- user 0m0.565s
- sys 0m0.077s
默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
在这个目录创建一个目录hostname,然后把下面文件放到此目录
- 15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname
- #!/bin/bash
- #This script is modify system hostname
- set -e
- # This is potentially dangerous
- source ${1}
- OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)"
- CHANGED="False"
- if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ];
- then
- hostname $hostname
- OLDHOSTNAME="$hostname"
- CHANGED="True"
- fi
- echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}"
- exit 0
查看一下vpn的当前hostname
- 15:03:29 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- ip-10-10-32-34
- 15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml
- - name: Test the hostname file
- hosts: vpn
- tasks:
- - name: Set the hostname
- hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34
- 15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k
- SSH password:
- PLAY [Test the hostname file] *************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [Set the hostname] ******************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名
- 16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml
- - name: Test the hostname file
- hosts: vpn
- tasks:
- - name: Set the hostname
- hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test
- 16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -s
- SSH password:
- sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
- PLAY [Test the hostname file] *************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [Set the hostname] ******************************************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
- 16:26:55 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- ip-10-10-32-34-test
扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量,在执行的时候制定变量从而执行,大大的提供了重复使用率
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 96
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件内容
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml
- ---
- - hosts: {{host}}
- remote_user: {{user}}
- gather_facts: {{gather}}
- tasks:
- - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
- shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
- when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题,使用--synctax-check
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml
- Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11
- ---
- - hosts: {{host}}
- ^
- This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
- hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was
- meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
- parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
- just quote the entire value.
- For instance, if the original line was:
- app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
- It should be written as:
- app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
- We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with
- missing quotes. Always quote template expression brackets when they
- start a value. For instance:
- with_items:
- - {{ foo }}
- Should be written as:
- with_items:
- - "{{ foo }}"
- This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
- hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was
- meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
- parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
- just quote the entire value.
- For instance, if the original line was:
- app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
- It should be written as:
- app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml
- ---
- - hosts: "{{host}}"
- remote_user: "{{user}}"
- gather_facts: "{{gather}}"
- tasks:
- - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
- shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
- when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- playbook: delete_vars.yml
没有问题了,在运行一下
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
- fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=1 failed=0
无法运行,原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后,判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除,而我在运行的指定不收集fact,下面在指定收集fact
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 92
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
13、tags
使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 92
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml
- ---
- - hosts: "{{host}}"
- remote_user: "{{user}}"
- gather_facts: "{{gather}}"
- tasks:
- - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
- shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
- when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- tags: server-1
- - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2
- shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2
- when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- tags: server-2
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看一下客户端的文件情况
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 88
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
从上面测试可以看到,如果playbook使用了tag,并且在运行中指定tag,那么运行的时候仅允许此tag的信息
下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
- [root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml
- ---
- - hosts: vpn
- remote_user: test
- tasks:
- - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
- template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
- with_items:
- - server-1
- - server-2
- - server-3
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
- changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
- ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 96
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k
- [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
- timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
- it (ie. yum update gmp).
- SSH password:
- PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
- GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
- ok: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************
- changed: [172.17.0.10]
- PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
- 172.17.0.10 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
- total 88
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
- -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到如果不知道tag,那么运行的时候,会全部运行。
FAQ:
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> {
- "failed": true,
- "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!",
- "parsed": false
- }
原因是python版本过低,要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson,下面是官方的话
- On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.4 | success >> {
- "changed": false,
- "ping": "pong"
- }
2、默认ansible是使用key验证的,如果使用密码登陆的服务器,使用ansible的话,要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass = True给取消注释,要不就在运行命令时候加上-k,这个意思是-k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错
- paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established.
- The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
如果想解决此问题,需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释
4、如果出现
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei
- 172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
- 172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
需要你在最后添加参数-k
- [root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -k
- SSH password:
- 172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >>
- xterm
- 172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >>
- xterm
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