本文收录在容器技术学习系列文章总目录

1、认识Ingress

1.1 什么是Ingress?

  通常情况下,service和pod仅可在集群内部网络中通过IP地址访问。所有到达边界路由器的流量或被丢弃或被转发到其他地方。从概念上讲,可能像下面这样:

    internet
|
------------
[ Services ]

Ingress是授权入站连接到达集群服务的规则集合。

    internet
|
[ Ingress ]
--|-----|--
[ Services ]

  你可以给Ingress配置提供外部可访问的URL、负载均衡、SSL、基于名称的虚拟主机等。用户通过POST Ingress资源到API server的方式来请求ingress。 Ingress controller负责实现Ingress,通常使用负载平衡器,它还可以配置边界路由和其他前端,这有助于以HA方式处理流量。

1.2 Ingress工作示意图

1.3先决条件

  在使用Ingress resource之前,有必要先了解下面几件事情。Ingress是beta版本的resource,在kubernetes1.1之前还没有。你需要一个Ingress Controller来实现Ingress,单纯的创建一个Ingress没有任何意义。

  GCE/GKE会在master节点上部署一个ingress controller。你可以在一个pod中部署任意个自定义的ingress controller。你必须正确地annotate每个ingress,比如 运行多个ingress controller 和 关闭glbc.

  确定你已经阅读了Ingress controller的beta版本限制。在非GCE/GKE的环境中,你需要在pod中部署一个controller

1.4 Ingress定义资源清单几个字段

  • apiVersion: v1  版本
  • kind: Ingress  类型
  • metadata  元数据
  • spec  期望状态
    • backend: 默认后端,能够处理与任何规则不匹配的请求
    • rules:用于配置Ingress的主机规则列表
    • tls:目前Ingress仅支持单个TLS端口443
  • status  当前状态

2、部署一个Ingress

(1)在gitlab上下载yaml文件,并创建部署

gitlab ingress-nginx项目:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx

ingress安装指南:https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/

因为需要拉取镜像,所以需要等一段时间

---下载需要的yaml文件
[root@master ingress-nginx]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/mandatory.yaml
---查询下载成功
[root@master ingress-nginx]# ls
mandatory.yaml
---创建ingress
[root@master ingress-nginx]# kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
namespace/ingress-nginx created
configmap/nginx-configuration created
configmap/tcp-services created
configmap/udp-services created
serviceaccount/nginx-ingress-serviceaccount created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding created
deployment.apps/nginx-ingress-controller created

  

(2)如果是裸机,还需要安装service

[root@master ingress-nginx]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml
[root@master ingress-nginx]# kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml
service/ingress-nginx created

  

(3)验证

---查询生产的pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-648c7bb65b-df9qz 1/1 Running 0 34m
---查询生产的svc
[root@master ingress-nginx]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ingress-nginx NodePort 10.109.244.123 <none> 80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP 21s
---查询svc的详细信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx
Name: ingress-nginx
Namespace: ingress-nginx
Labels: app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of=ingress-nginx
Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Service","metadata":{"annotations":{},"labels":{"app.kubernetes.io/name":"ingress-nginx","app.kubernetes.io/part-of":"ingres...
Selector: app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=ingress-nginx
Type: NodePort
IP: 10.111.143.90
Port: http 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
NodePort: http 30080/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.104:80
Port: https 443/TCP
TargetPort: 443/TCP
NodePort: https 30443/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.104:443
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>

  

3、创建Ingress,代理到后端nginx服务

3.1 准备后端pod和service

(1)编写yaml文件,并创建

创建3个nginx服务的pod,并创建一个service绑定

[root@master ingress]# vim deploy-damo.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myapp
namespace: default
spec:
selector:
app: myapp
release: canary
ports:
- name: http
targetPort: 80
port: 80
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myapp-deploy
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
release: canary
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
release: canary
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v2
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f deploy-damo.yaml
service/myapp created
deployment.apps/myapp-deploy created

  

(2)查询验证

[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 146d
myapp ClusterIP 10.103.137.126 <none> 80/TCP 6s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-deploy-67f6f6b4dc-2vzjn 1/1 Running 0 14s
myapp-deploy-67f6f6b4dc-c7f76 1/1 Running 0 14s
myapp-deploy-67f6f6b4dc-x79hc 1/1 Running 0 14s
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc myapp
Name: myapp
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Service","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"myapp","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"ports":[{"name":"http","port":80,"targe...
Selector: app=myapp,release=canary
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.103.137.126
Port: http 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.102:80,10.244.1.103:80,10.244.2.109:80
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>

  

3.2 创建ingress,绑定后端nginx服务

(1)编写yaml文件,并创建

[root@master ingress]# vim ingress-myapp.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-myapp
namespace: default
spec:
rules:
- host: myapp.along.com
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: myapp
servicePort: 80
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-myapp.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-myapp created

  

(2)查询验证

[root@master ~]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-myapp myapp.along.com 80 140d
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-myapp
Name: ingress-myapp
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
myapp.along.com
myapp:80 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"ingress-myapp","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"myapp.along.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"myapp","servicePort":80},"path":null}]}}]}} Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 37s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/ingress-myapp

  

(3)在集群外,查询服务验证

① 可以先修改一下主机的hosts,因为不是公网域名

192.168.130.103 myapp.along.com

② 访问业务成功

4、创建Ingress,代理到后端tomcat服务

4.1 准备后端pod和service

(1)编写yaml文件,并创建

创建3个tomcat服务的pod,并创建一个service绑定

[root@master ingress]# vim tomcat-deploy.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat
namespace: default
spec:
selector:
app: tomcat
release: canary
ports:
- name: http
targetPort: 8080
port: 8080
- name: ajp
targetPort: 8009
port: 8009
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: tomcat-deploy
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat
release: canary
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat
release: canary
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: tomcat:8.5.37-jre8-alpine
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 8080
- name: ajp
containerPort: 8009
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f tomcat-deploy.yaml
service/tomcat created
deployment.apps/tomcat-deploy created

  

(2)查询验证

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
tomcat-deploy-97d6458c5-hrmrw 1/1 Running 0 1m
tomcat-deploy-97d6458c5-ngxxx 1/1 Running 0 1m
tomcat-deploy-97d6458c5-xchgn 1/1 Running 0 1m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 146d
tomcat ClusterIP 10.98.193.252 <none> 8080/TCP,8009/TCP 1m

  

4.2 创建ingress,绑定后端tomcat服务

(1)编写yaml文件,并创建

[root@master ingress]# vim ingress-tomcat.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-tomcat
namespace: default
spec:
rules:
- host: tomcat.along.com
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: tomcat
servicePort: 8080
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-tomcat.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-tomcat created

(2)查询验证

[root@master ~]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-myapp myapp.along.com 80 17m
ingress-tomcat tomcat.along.com 80 6s
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-tomcat
Name: ingress-tomcat
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
tomcat.along.com
tomcat:8080 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"ingress-tomcat","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"tomcat.along.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"tomcat","servicePort":8080},"path":null}]}}]}} Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 17s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/ingress-tomcat

  

(3)在集群外,查询服务验证

① 可以先修改一下主机的hosts,因为不是公网域名

192.168.130.103 tomcat.along.com

② 访问业务成功

4.3 使用https协议访问服务

4.3.1 创建证书、私钥和secret

(1)创建私钥

[root@master ingress]# openssl genrsa -out tls.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............................................+++
...............+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@master ingress]# ls *key
tls.key

  

(2)创建证书

[root@master ingress]# openssl req -new -x509 -key tls.key -out tls.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=DevOps/CN=tomcat.along.com
[root@master ingress]# ls tls.*
tls.crt tls.key

  

(3)创建secret

[root@master ingress]# kubectl create secret tls tomcat-ingress-secret --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
secret/tomcat-ingress-secret created
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get secret
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
tomcat-ingress-secret kubernetes.io/tls 2 8s
[root@master ingress]# kubectl describe secret tomcat-ingress-secret
Name: tomcat-ingress-secret
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none> Type: kubernetes.io/tls Data
====
tls.key: 1675 bytes
tls.crt: 1294 bytes

  

4.3.2 重新创建ingress,使用https协议绑定后端tomcat服务

(1)编写yaml文件,并创建

[root@master ingress]# vim ingress-tomcat-tls.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-tomcat-tls
namespace: default
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- tomcat.along.com
secretName: tomcat-ingress-secret
rules:
- host: tomcat.along.com
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: tomcat
servicePort: 8080

  

(2)查询验证

[root@master ~]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-myapp myapp.along.com 80 34m
ingress-tomcat tomcat.along.com 80 16m
ingress-tomcat-tls tomcat.along.com 80, 443 8s
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-tomcat-tls
Name: ingress-tomcat-tls
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
TLS:
tomcat-ingress-secret terminates tomcat.along.com
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
tomcat.along.com
tomcat:8080 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"ingress-tomcat-tls","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"tomcat.along.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"tomcat","servicePort":8080},"path":null}]}}],"tls":[{"hosts":["tomcat.along.com"],"secretName":"tomcat-ingress-secret"}]}} Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 14s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/ingress-tomcat-tls

  

(3)在集群外,查询服务验证

使用https协议,访问业务成功

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