题目地址:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/two-sum-iii-data-structure-design/

题目描述

Design and implement a TwoSum class. It should support the following operations: add and find.

  • add - Add the number to an internal data structure.
  • find - Find if there exists any pair of numbers which sum is equal to the value.

Example 1:

add(1); add(3); add(5);
find(4) -> true
find(7) -> false

Example 2:

add(3); add(1); add(2);
find(3) -> true
find(6) -> false

题目大意

设计并实现一个 TwoSum 的类,使该类需要支持 add 和 find 的操作。

解题方法

数组+字典

使用字典保存每个数字出现的位置,并且另外使用一个数组按照顺序保存出现的数字。查找的时候从左向右遍历数组中的每个数字left,查找value - left是否在字典中,并且和left位置不同。

C++代码如下:

class TwoSum {
public:
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
TwoSum() {
} /** Add the number to an internal data structure.. */
void add(int number) {
nums.push_back(number);
m[number] = nums.size() - 1;
} /** Find if there exists any pair of numbers which sum is equal to the value. */
bool find(int value) {
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
int left = nums[i];
int right = value - left;
if (m.count(right) && m[right] != i)
return true;
}
return false;
}
private:
map<int, int> m;
vector<int> nums;
}; /**
* Your TwoSum object will be instantiated and called as such:
* TwoSum* obj = new TwoSum();
* obj->add(number);
* bool param_2 = obj->find(value);
*/

平衡查找树+双指针

这个题和1. Two Sum是类似的,我使用的双指针的方法,那么要求已经插入的数据是有序的,所以使用了平衡查找树(红黑树,在C++中是map),保存每个数字出现的次数。

每次find的时候,从左右两个位置向中间走,如果左右指针的和是target说明找到了;如果和比target大,右指针向左移动;如果和比target小,左指针向右移动。

由于可能会存在重复的数字,所以map中是保存的数字出现的次数。查找到target的条件是:左右指针不相等且和等于target 或者 左右指针相等且和等于target且该数字出现的次数不止1次。

C++代码如下:

class TwoSum {
public:
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
TwoSum() {
} /** Add the number to an internal data structure.. */
void add(int number) {
m[number] ++;
} /** Find if there exists any pair of numbers which sum is equal to the value. */
bool find(int value) {
if (m.empty()) return false;
auto left = m.begin();
auto right = m.end();
right --;
while (left != right) {
int cur_sum = left->first + right->first;
if (cur_sum == value
&& (left != right || left->second > 1))
return true;
else if (cur_sum > value)
right --;
else
left ++;
}
return left->first + right->first == value && (left != right || left->second > 1);
}
private:
map<int, int> m;
}; /**
* Your TwoSum object will be instantiated and called as such:
* TwoSum* obj = new TwoSum();
* obj->add(number);
* bool param_2 = obj->find(value);
*/

日期

2019 年 9 月 19 日 —— 举杯邀明月,对影成三人

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