2018-04-25 发布

Linux下安装python-2.7

python

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安装依赖的库

yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

Python

=================================================

下载python 2.7.13

www.python.org

[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /software

[root@server2 ~]# cd /software/

[root@server2 software]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz

[root@server2 software]# ll

总用量 36852

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17076672 12月 18 04:21 Python-2.7.13.tgz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20656090 1月  17 16:07 Python-3.5.3.tgz

解压文件

[root@server2 software]# tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz

进入目录

[root@server2 software]# cd Python-2.7.13

编译安装

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# make && make altinstall

备份旧python相关命令

===> 有些版本/usr/bin/目录下不存在pip 忽略下面第一行命令即可

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

新版本python命令做软连接，快捷使用

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

测试python是否可以正常使用

[root@server2 ~]# python

Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

安装pip

下载最新版的pip，然后安装

[root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# cd /software/

[root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

[root@server2 software]# python get-pip.py

查找pip的位置

[root@server2 software]# find / -name pip

/usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip

找到pip2.7的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

测试pip是否可用

[root@server2 software]# pip install Pillow

Collecting Pillow

  Downloading Pillow-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 129kB/s

Collecting olefile (from Pillow)

  Downloading olefile-0.44.zip (74kB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 541kB/s

Building wheels for collected packages: olefile

  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for olefile ... done

  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/20/58/49/cc7bd00345397059149a10b0259ef38b867935ea2ecff99a9b

Successfully built olefile

Installing collected packages: olefile, Pillow

Successfully installed Pillow-4.1.0 olefile-0.44

安装easy_install

下载最新版的easy_install，然后安装

[root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py

[root@server2 software]# python ez_setup.py

找到easy_install的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install

测试easy_install是否可用

[root@server2 software]# easy_install beautifulsoup4

Searching for beautifulsoup4

Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/beautifulsoup4/

Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/9b/a5/c6fa2d08e6c671103f9508816588e0fb9cec40444e8e72993f3d4c325936/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz#md5=937e0df0d699a1237646f38fd567f0c6

Best match: beautifulsoup4 4.5.3

Processing beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz

Writing /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.cfg

Running beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/egg-dist-tmp-m3PXo5

zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...

Moving beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages

Adding beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg

Processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4

Finished processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4

yum 安装工具只支持系统自带的python版本，修改配置文件使其可正常使用

查看原版本python

[root@server2 software]# ll /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   34 4月  11 11:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 2月  15 14:33 /usr/bin/python2 -> python

-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6  ==> 这个就是系统自带的python

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6-config

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 4月  11 10:47 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config

-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python_old

修改配置文件 /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python ===> 修改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.6

测试yum是否可用

[root@server2 software]# yum -y install python-devel

已加载插件：fastestmirror, security

设置安装进程

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com

包 python-devel-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本

无须任何处理

好了，大功告成。

优化：编写一键安装python2.7的脚本

由于Centos 6.x的系统默认都是python2.6 ，如果服务器需要用2.7环境的话每台都得手动操作升级，工作量比较大，编写脚本提升效率。（Centos 7.x版本的默认的python都是2.7.5版本）

创建用于存放python脚本的目录

[root@server2 software]# mkdir /script/python/

[root@server2 software]# cd /script/python/

由于国外python网站下载python安装包缓慢，可以提前下载下来，和install_py27.sh放在一起，在脚本中直接解压本地文件进行安装，我已经上传到网盘
点击我下载

开始编写脚本 install_py27.sh

#!/bin/sh

# __author__ = 'junxi'

# This script is used by fast installed python2.7 ......

# write by 2017/04/11

echo "##############start run install for python2.7 script############"

yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

mkdir /software

mv Python-2.7.13.tgz /software

cd /software

tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz

cd Python-2.7.13/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared

make

make altinstall

mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old

mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

cd /software

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

python get-pip.py

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

echo "############更换pip源为国内淘宝源##########"

mkdir /root/.pip/

touch /root/.pip/pip.conf

cat >> /root/.pip/pip.conf << EOF

[global]

index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 

[install]

trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

EOF

pip install Pillow

sed -i 's#\/usr/bin/python#\/usr/bin/python2.6#g' /usr/bin/yum

yum -y install python-devel

echo 'the install script is the end......'

把Python-2.7.13.tgz文件和install_py27.sh脚本下载下来，放在同一个目录下：
运行下面命令进行安装

/bin/sh install_py27.sh

安装完成后执行python查看版本

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