MongoDB的应用

一、MongoDB后台管理

# ./mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.2
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.2
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
.....................
times number of files.
2017-03-12T01:15:04.901+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]
> 

使用用户 admin 使用密码 123456 连接到本地的 MongoDB 服务上

> mongodb://admin:123456@localhost/

创建数据库（如果数据库不存在，则创建数据库，否则切换到指定数据库）

>use test
2017-03-12T01:34:04.361+0800 E QUERY    [thread1] SyntaxError: missing ; before statement @(shell):3:4

> use test
switched to db test
> db
test
> show dbs    #查看所有数据库
admin  0.000GB
local  0.000GB

二、python操作mongodb

1、连接mongodb

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient('192.168.0.113', 27017)  #ip地址和端口
db = conn.mydb  #连接mydb数据库，没有则自动创建
my_set = db.test_set　　#使用test_set集合，没有则自动创建

2、插入数据（insert插入一个列表多条数据不用遍历，效率高， save需要遍历列表，一个个插入）

my_set.insert({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
#或
my_set.save({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})

3、插入多条

#添加多条数据到集合中
users=[{"name":"zhangsan","age":18},{"name":"lisi","age":20}]
my_set.insert(users)
#或
my_set.save(users) 

3、查询数据（查询不到则返回None）

#查询全部

　for i in my_set.find():

　　　　print(i)

#查询name=zhangsan的
for i in my_set.find({"name":"zhangsan"}):
    print(i)
print(my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"}))

4、更新数据

my_set.update(
   <query>,    #查询条件
   <update>,    #update的对象和一些更新的操作符
   {
     upsert: <boolean>,    #如果不存在update的记录，是否插入
     multi: <boolean>,        #可选，mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录
     writeConcern: <document>    #可选，抛出异常的级别。
   }
)

把上面插入的数据内的age改为20

my_set.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{'$set':{"age":20}})

5、删除数据

my_set.remove(
   <query>,    #（可选）删除的文档的条件
   {
     justOne: <boolean>,    #（可选）如果设为 true 或 1，则只删除一个文档
     writeConcern: <document>    #（可选）抛出异常的级别
   }
)

#删除name=lisi的全部记录
my_set.remove({'name': 'zhangsan'})

#删除name=lisi的某个id的记录
id = my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"})["_id"]
my_set.remove(id)

#删除集合里的所有记录
db.users.remove()　

6、mongodb的条件操作符

# $gt  ----------greater than  >  大于
# $gte ----------gt equal  >=     大于等于
# $lt  ----------less than  <     小于
# $lte ----------lt equal  <=     小于等于
# $ne  ----------not equal  !=    不等于
# $eq  ----------equal  =         等于

#例：查询集合中age大于25的所有记录
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$gt":25}}):
    print(i)

7、type(判断类型)

#找出name的类型是String的
for i in my_set.find({'name':{'$type':2}}):
    print(i)

8、类型队对照列表

Double    1
String    2
Object    3
Array    4
Binary data    5
Undefined    6    已废弃
Object id    7
Boolean    8
Date    9
Null    10
Regular Expression    11
JavaScript    13
Symbol    14
JavaScript (with scope)    15
32-bit integer    16
Timestamp    17
64-bit integer    18
Min key    255    Query with -1.
Max key    127

Double    1
String    2
Object    3
Array    4
Binary data    5
Undefined    6    已废弃
Object id    7
Boolean    8
Date    9
Null    10
Regular Expression    11
JavaScript    13
Symbol    14
JavaScript (with scope)    15
32-bit integer    16
Timestamp    17
64-bit integer    18
Min key    255    Query with -1.
Max key    127     

9、排序

在MongoDB中使用sort()方法对数据进行排序，sort()方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段，并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式，其中 1 为升序，-1为降序。

for i in my_set.find().sort([("age",1)]):
    print(i)

10、limit和skip

#limit()方法用来读取指定数量的数据
#skip()方法用来跳过指定数量的数据
#下面表示跳过两条数据后读取6条
for i in my_set.find().skip(2).limit(6):
    print(i)

11、IN

#找出age是20、30、35的数据
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$in":(20,30,35)}}):
    print(i)

12、OR

#找出age是20或35的记录
for i in my_set.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"age":35}]}):
    print(i)

13、all

dic1 = {"name":"lisi","age":18,"li":[1,2,3]}
dic2 = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"li":[1,2,3,4,5,6]}
my_set.insert(dic1)
my_set.insert(dic2)
for i in my_set.find({'li':{'$all':[1,2,3,4]}}):
    print(i)
#查看是否包含全部条件
#输出：{'_id': ObjectId('58c503b94fc9d44624f7b108'), 'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}

14、push/pushAll

my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$push':{'li':4}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)
#输出：{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4], '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi'}

my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pushAll':{'li':[4,5]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)
#输出：{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5], 'name': 'lisi', 'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803')}

15、pop/pull/pullAll

#pop
#移除最后一个元素(-1为移除第一个)
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':1}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)
#输出：{'_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi', 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4]}

#pull （按值移除）
#移除3
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':3}})

#pullAll （移除全部符合条件的）
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pullAll':{'li':[1,2,3]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)
#输出：{'name': 'lisi', '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'li': [4, 4], 'age': 18}

16、多级路径元素操作 先插入一条数据

　dic = {"name":"zhangsan",
　"age":18,
　"contact" : {
　"email" : "1234567@qq.com",
　"iphone" : "11223344"}
　}
　my_set.insert(dic)

#多级目录用. 连接
for i in my_set.find({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}):
    print(i)
#输出：{'name': 'zhangsan', '_id': ObjectId('58c4f99c4fc9d42e0022c3b6'), 'age': 18, 'contact': {'email': '1234567@qq.com', 'iphone': '11223344'}}

result = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result["contact"]["email"])
#输出：1234567@qq.com

#多级路径下修改操作
result = my_set.update({"contact.iphone":"11223344"},{"$set":{"contact.email":"9999999@qq.com"}})
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result1["contact"]["email"])
#输出：9999999@qq.com

还可以对数组用索引操作

dic = {"name":"lisi",
       "age":18,
       "contact" : [
           {
           "email" : "111111@qq.com",
           "iphone" : "111"},
           {
           "email" : "222222@qq.com",
           "iphone" : "222"}
       ]}
my_set.insert(dic)

#查询
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.1.iphone":"222"})
print(result1)
#输出：{'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c4ff574fc9d43844423db2'), 'name': 'lisi', 'contact': [{'iphone': '111', 'email': '111111@qq.com'}, {'iphone': '222', 'email': '222222@qq.com'}]}

#修改
result = my_set.update({"contact.1.iphone":"222"},{"$set":{"contact.1.email":"222222@qq.com"}})
print(result1["contact"][1]["email"])
#输出：222222@qq.com

17、Example

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  from pymongo import MongoClient

  settings = {
      "ip":'192.168.0.113',   #ip
      "port":27017,           #端口
      "db_name" : "mydb",    #数据库名字
      "set_name" : "test_set"   #集合名字
 }

 class MyMongoDB(object):
     def __init__(self):
         try:
             self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
         except Exception as e:
             print(e)
         self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]]
         self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]]

     def insert(self,dic):
         print("inser...")
         self.my_set.insert(dic)

     def update(self,dic,newdic):
         print("update...")
         self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)

     def delete(self,dic):
         print("delete...")
         self.my_set.remove(dic)

     def dbfind(self,dic):
         print("find...")
         data = self.my_set.find(dic)
         for result in data:
             print(result["name"],result["age"])

 def main():
     dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
     mongo = MyMongoDB()
     mongo.insert(dic)
     mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})

     mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
     mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})

     mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
     mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 from pymongo import MongoClient
 4
 5 settings = {
 6     "ip":'192.168.0.113',   #ip
 7     "port":27017,           #端口
 8     "db_name" : "mydb",    #数据库名字
 9     "set_name" : "test_set"   #集合名字
10 }
11
12 class MyMongoDB(object):
13     def __init__(self):
14         try:
15             self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
16         except Exception as e:
17             print(e)
18         self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]]
19         self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]]
20
21     def insert(self,dic):
22         print("inser...")
23         self.my_set.insert(dic)
24
25     def update(self,dic,newdic):
26         print("update...")
27         self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)
28
29     def delete(self,dic):
30         print("delete...")
31         self.my_set.remove(dic)
32
33     def dbfind(self,dic):
34         print("find...")
35         data = self.my_set.find(dic)
36         for result in data:
37             print(result["name"],result["age"])
38
39 def main():
40     dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
41     mongo = MyMongoDB()
42     mongo.insert(dic)
43     mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
44
45     mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
46     mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
47
48     mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
49     mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
50
51 if __name__ == "__main__":
52     main()