二进制搭建kubernetes-1.18.6单master集群
master组件
kube-apiserver
kubernetes API集群的同一入口,各组件协调者,以RESTful API提供接口服务,所有对象资源的增删改查和监听操作都交给APIserver处理再提交给Etcd存储
kube-controller-manager
处理集群中常规后台任务,一个资源对应一个控制器,而ControllerManager就是负责管理这些控制器的
kube-scheduler
根据调度算法为新创建的POdxuanz yig Node节点,可以在任意部署,可以部署在同一个节点上,也可以部署在不同节点上
etcd
分布式键值存储系统,用于报销集群状态数据,比如Pod、service等对象信息
Node组件
kubelet
kubelet是master在node节点上的agent,管理本机运行容器的生命周期,比如创建容器、Pod挂载数据卷、下载secret、获取容器和节点状态等工作,kubelet将每个Pod转成一组容器。
kube-proxy
在Node节点上实现Pod网络代理,维护网络规则和四层负载均衡工作
docker或rocket
容器引擎,运行容器
服务器硬件配置推荐
实验环境 |
K8s master/node |
2核2G+ |
|
测试环境 |
K8s-master |
CPU |
2核 |
内存 |
4G |
||
硬盘 |
20G |
||
K8s-node |
CPU |
4核 |
|
内存 |
8G |
||
硬盘 |
20G |
||
生产环境 |
K8s-master |
CPU |
8核 |
内存 |
16G |
||
硬盘 |
100G |
||
K8s-node |
CPU |
16核 |
|
内存 |
64G |
||
硬盘 |
500G |
当然资源越多肯定是越好的,也要看实际需求来衡量需求的资源
单Master服务器规划
角色 |
IP |
组件 |
k8s-master-1 |
192.168.10.160 |
kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node-1 |
192.168.10.161 |
kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd |
k8s-node-2 |
192.168.10.162 |
kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储,所以先准备一个Etcd数据库,为解决Etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,
这里使用3台组建集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障。
节点名称 |
IP |
etcd-1 |
192.168.10.160 |
etcd-2 |
192.168.10.161 |
etcd-3 |
192.168.10.162 |
注:为了节省机器,这里与K8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能连接到就行。
系统环境
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost 3.10.0-1127.18.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Jul 26 15:27:06 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]#
一、基础优化
1、时间同步
echo "#time sync by fage at 2019-7-22" >>/var/spool/cron/root
echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1" >>/var/spool/cron/root
systemctl restart crond.service
2、关闭防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disable#g /etc/selinux/config
3、更改主机名
master
hostname k8s-master-1
echo "k8s-master-1" >/etc/hostname
node
hostname k8s-node-1
echo " k8s-node-1" >/etc/hostname hostname k8s-node-2
echo " k8s-node-2" >/etc/hostname
4、更改hosts文件
cat >/etc/hosts <<EOF
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.160 k8s-master-1
192.168.10.161 k8s-node-1
192.168.10.162 k8s-node-2
EOF
5、节点node要禁用swap设备 不禁用要配置声明
swapoff -a
sed -i "s@/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap@#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap@g" /etc/fstab
6、将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效配置
二、部署Etcd集群
2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具
找任意一台服务器操作,这里用Master节点
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2.2 生成Etcd证书
2.2.1. 自签证书颁发机构(CA)
创建工作目录
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} && cd TLS/etcd
自签CA
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书查看结果
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - && ls *pem
2.2.2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.10.160",
"192.168.10.161",
"192.168.10.162",
"192.168.10.163"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server ls server*pem
2.2.3、部署Etcd集群
以下在master上操作,为简化操作,待会将master生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3.
1. 创建工作目录并解压二进制包
包下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
tar xf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
2. 创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.10.160:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.10.161:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.10.162:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
3. systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4. 拷贝刚才生成的证书
master操作:把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start etcd && systemctl enable etcd
6. 将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.10.161:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.10.161:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.10.162:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.10.162:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前
服务器IP:每台集群都要改成自身机器的名称和地址和检查一遍
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点2改为etcd-2,节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP #[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.160:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.10.160:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.10.161:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.10.162:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
在其他的全部节点上设置开机自启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start etcd && systemctl enable etcd
7. 查看ETCD集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.10.160:2379,https://192.168.10.161:2379,https://192.168.10.162:2379" endpoint health
#输出的结果
https://192.168.10.162:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 13.108591ms
https://192.168.10.160:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 13.436323ms
https://192.168.10.161:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 15.027817ms
如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
三、安装Docker
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装,用yum安装也一样。
1、解压二进制包
tar xf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
2、systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3、创建配置文件
registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
复制到其他节点机器上
cd /usr/bin/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service root@192.168.10.161:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r containerd containerd-shim docker dockerd docker-init docker-proxy runc root@192.168.10.161:/usr/bin/
scp -r /etc/docker root@192.168.10.161:/etc/
cd /usr/bin/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service root@192.168.10.162:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r containerd containerd-shim docker dockerd docker-init docker-proxy runc root@192.168.10.162:/usr/bin/
scp -r /etc/docker root@192.168.10.162:/etc/
4、其他节点启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker &&systemctl enable docker
四、部署Master Node (全在master操作)
4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书
1. 自签证书颁发机构(CA)
cd /root/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - && ls *pem ca-key.pem ca.pem
2. 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件
cd /root/TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.10.160",
"192.168.10.161",
"192.168.10.162",
"192.168.10.163",
"192.168.10.164",
"192.168.10.165",
"192.168.10.166",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
4.2 从Github下载二进制文件
下载地址:
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#downloads-for-v1186
注:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,下载一个server包就够了,包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
下载1.18.6版本的
4.3 解压二进制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
4.4 部署kube-apiserver
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.160:2379,https://192.168.10.161:2379,https://192.168.10.162:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.10.160 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.10.160 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。
–logtostderr:启用日志
—v:日志等级
–log-dir:日志目录
–etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
–bind-address:监听地址
–secure-port:https安全端口
–advertise-address:集群通告地址
–allow-privileged:启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
–authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
–token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
–service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
–etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
–audit-log-xxx:审计日志
2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
3. 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以,当Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
TLS bootstraping 工作流程
创建上述配置文件中token文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
token也可自行生成替换
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
4. systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl status kube-apiserver
6. 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
4.5 部署kube-controller-manager
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA,与apiserver保持一致
2. systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
4.6 部署kube-scheduler
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
–master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
2. systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler && systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
4. 查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态
kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。
五、部署Worker Node
下面还是在Master上操作,即同时作为Worker Node
5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有worker node创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从master节点拷贝
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝 scp -r kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.10.161:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp -r kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.10.162:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
5.2 部署kubelet
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
–hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
–network-plugin:启用CNI
–kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver申请证书
–config:配置参数文件
–cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod网络容器的镜像
2. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.10.160:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致
注意:这里的命令是分开执行的,全是在命令行执行
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件路径
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
4. systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kubelet &&systemctl enable kubelet
5.1 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
查看
kubelet
证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A
查看节点
kubectl get node
注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
5.2 部署kube-proxy
1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
2. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
生成kube-proxy证书
# 切换工作目录
cd TLS/k8s # 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF # 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
生成kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.10.160:6443" kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
4. systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
5.3 部署CNI网络
先准备好CNI二进制文件:
下载地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar xf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
部署CNI网络
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
默认镜像地址在国外无法访问,修改为docker hub镜像仓库地址
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 72s kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 41m v1.18.6
部署好网络插件,Node准备就绪
5.4 授权apiserver访问kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
5.5 新增加Worker Node,其他节点操作
1. 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点192.168.10.161/162
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.10.161:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.10.161:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.10.161:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.10.161:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
2. 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node不同,必须删除重新生成。
3. 修改主机名
sed -i "s#k8s-master#k8s-node-1#g" /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
sed -i "s#k8s-master#k8s-node-1#g" /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
sed -i "s#k8s-master#k8s-node-2#g" /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
sed -i "s#k8s-master#k8s-node-2#g" /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
4. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
5. 在Master上批准新所有Node kubelet证书申请
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro
6. 查看Node状态
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 65m v1.18.6
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 12m v1.18.6
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 81s v1.18.6
Node2(192.168.10.162 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!
六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
6.1 部署Dashboard
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部
vi recommended.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb 1/1 Running 0 2m18s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx 1/1 Running 0 2m19s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.141 <none> 8000/TCP 2m19s
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.239 <none> 443:30001/TCP 2m19s
访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system #创建用户
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin #授权
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}') #查看token
使用输出的token登录Dashboard
6.2 部署CoreDNS
CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析
wget https://github.com/dsalamancaMS/CoreDNSforKube/blob/master/coredns.yaml
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 38m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qhdx 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-99cr8 1/1 Running 0 26m
DNS解析测试
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter. / # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
至此,单Master集群部署完成
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