CVS、SVN、Git、GitHub :版本控制系统

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Git常用命令

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https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-git

Learn Git

You have now been introduced to the fundamental Git workflow. You learned a lot! Let's take a moment to generalize:

• Git is the industry-standard version control system for web developers
• Use Git commands to help keep track of changes made to a project:
  • git init creates a new Git repository
  • git status inspects the contents of the working directory and staging area
  • git add adds files from the working directory to the staging area
  • git diff shows the difference between the working directory and the staging area
  • git commit permanently stores file changes from the staging area in the repository
  • git commit -m "this is a comment"
  • git log shows a list of all previous commits


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CVS、SVN、Git、GitHub

CVS（Concurrent Versions System/Concurrent Versioning System）:协作版本系统/并发版本系统，是一种版本控制系统，方便软件的开发和用户协同工作。

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVS

Apache Subversion（简称SVN），一个开放源代码的版本控制系统，相较于RCS、CVS，它采用了分支管理系统，它的设计目标就是替换CVS。互联网上很多版本控制服务已从CVS转移到Subversion。

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion

https://subversion.apache.org/

Git（/ɡɪt/^[5]， 音频（帮助·信息））是一个分布式版本控制软件，最初由林纳斯·托瓦兹（Linus Torvalds）创作，于2005年以GPL发布。最初目的是为更好地管理Linux内核开发而设计。应注意的是，这与GNU Interactive Tools^[6]（一个类似Norton Commander界面的文件管理器）有所不同。

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git

https://git-scm.com/

Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.

Git is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning fast performance. It outclasses SCM tools like Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and ClearCase with features like cheap local branching, convenientstaging areas, and multiple workflows.

https://git-for-windows.github.io/

模拟环境和Git都打包好了，名叫msysgit

在线教程：

https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1

1. git init
2. git status  Checking the Status
3. git status Adding & Committing
4. git add octocat.txt Adding Changes
5. git status Checking for Changes
6. git commit -m "Add cute octocat story" Committing
7. git add '*.txt' Adding All Changes
8. git commit -m 'Add all the octocat txt files' Committing All Changes
9. git log History
10. git remote add origin https://github.com/try-git/try_git.git Remote Repositories
11. git push -u origin master Pushing Remotely
12. git pull origin master Pulling Remotely
13. git diff HEAD Differences
14. git add octofamily/octodog.txt Staged Differences
15. git diff --staged Staged Differences (cont'd)
16. git reset octofamily/octodog.txt Resetting the Stage
17. git checkout -- octocat.txt Undo
18. git branch clean_up Branching Out
19. git checkout clean_up Switching Branches
20. git rm '*.txt' Removing All The Things
21. git commit -m "Remove all the cats" Commiting Branch Changes
22. git checkout master Switching Back to master
23. git merge clean_up Preparing to Merge
24. git branch -d clean_up Keeping Things Clean
25. git push The Final Push

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GitHub

GitHub是一个利用Git进行版本控制、专门用于存放软件代码与内容的共享虚拟主机服务。它由GitHub公司（曾称Logical Awesome）的开发者Chris Wanstrath、PJ Hyett和Tom Preston-Werner使用Ruby on Rails编写而成。

GitHub同时提供付费账户和免费账户。这两种账户都可以创建公开的代码仓库，但是付费账户也可以创建私有的代码仓库。根据在2009年的Git用户调查，GitHub是最流行的Git访问站点。^[2]除了允许个人和组织创建和访问代码库以外，它也提供了一些方便社会化软件开发的功能，包括允许用户追踪其他用户、组织、软件库的动态，对软件代码的改动和bug提出评论等。GitHub也提供了图表功能，用于显示开发者们怎样在代码库上工作以及软件的开发活跃程度。

截止到2015年，GitHub已经有超过九百万注册用户和2110万代码库。^[3]事实上已经成为了世界上最大的代码存放网站和开源社区。^[4]

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub

https://github.com/xgqfrms

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regex,regexp,regular expressions

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