.NET Core 下调用WebAPI
前言
今天我们介绍多种客户端调用WebApi的方式,可以是原生写的,也可以借助.NET 框架下的其他HTTP库。我们一起来看看它们之间的一些异同吧~
RestSharp
首先要介绍的就是这款REST 客户端,我们先来一起看看它的简介:
RestSharp 是一个基于 .NET 框架的 REST 客户端,RestSharp 是一个轻量的,不依赖任何第三方的组件或者类库的 HTTP 组件,RestSharp具有以下的优点:
01、支持.NET4.5.2+ 和 .NET Standard 2.0 平台
02、使用NuGet轻松安装开发包
03、自动 XML 和 JSON 反序列化
04、通过 ISerializer 和 IDeserializer 自定义序列化和反序列化为
05、模糊匹配元素名称 (例如:XML或JSON中的product_id将匹配名为ProductId的C#属性)
06、自动检测返回内容的类型
07、指出 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, HEAD, OPTIONS, DELETE 和 COPY 请求,支持其它非标准 HTTP 方法
08、OAuth 1.0、OAuth 2.0、Basic、NTLM 和基于参数的身份认证
09、通过 IAuthenticator 接口自定义身份验证方案
10、支持异步操作
官方示例:
- var client = new RestClient("https://www.xcode.me");
- // client.Authenticator = new HttpBasicAuthenticator(username, password);
- var request = new RestRequest("resource/{id}", Method.POST);
- request.AddParameter("name", "value"); // adds to POST or URL querystring based on Method
- request.AddUrlSegment("id", ""); // replaces matching token in request.Resource
- // add parameters for all properties on an object
- request.AddObject(object);
- // or just whitelisted properties
- request.AddObject(object, "PersonId", "Name", ...);
- // easily add HTTP Headers
- request.AddHeader("header", "value");
- // add files to upload (works with compatible verbs)
- request.AddFile("file", path);
- // execute the request
- IRestResponse response = client.Execute(request);
- var content = response.Content; // raw content as string
- // or automatically deserialize result
- // return content type is sniffed but can be explicitly set via RestClient.AddHandler();
- IRestResponse<Person> response2 = client.Execute<Person>(request);
- var name = response2.Data.Name;
- // or download and save file to disk
- client.DownloadData(request).SaveAs(path);
- // easy async support
- await client.ExecuteAsync(request);
- // async with deserialization
- var asyncHandle = client.ExecuteAsync<Person>(request, response => {
- Console.WriteLine(response.Data.Name);
- });
- // abort the request on demand
- asyncHandle.Abort();
使用案例:
Setp 1
引入RestSharp包
Setp 2
新建一个API请求执行者的接口IRestSharp:
- /// <summary>
- /// API请求执行者接口
- /// </summary>
- public interface IRestSharp
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 同步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="request"></param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- IRestResponse Execute(IRestRequest request);
- /// <summary>
- /// 同步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <typeparam name="T">返回值</typeparam>
- /// <param name="request">请求参数</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- T Execute<T>(IRestRequest request) where T : new();
- /// <summary>
- /// 异步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="request">请求参数</param>
- /// <param name="callback"></param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- RestRequestAsyncHandle ExecuteAsync(IRestRequest request, Action<IRestResponse> callback);
- /// <summary>
- /// 异步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
- /// <param name="request"></param>
- /// <param name="callback"></param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- RestRequestAsyncHandle ExecuteAsync<T>(IRestRequest request, Action<IRestResponse<T>> callback) where T : new();
- }
Setp 3
新建一个实现类RestSharpClient,实现上述接口
- /// <summary>
- /// Rest接口执行者
- /// </summary>
- public class RestSharpClient : IRestSharp
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 请求客户端
- /// </summary>
- private RestClient client;
- /// <summary>
- /// 接口基地址 格式:http://www.xxx.com/
- /// </summary>
- private string BaseUrl { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 默认的时间参数格式
- /// </summary>
- private string DefaultDateParameterFormat { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 默认验证器
- /// </summary>
- private IAuthenticator DefaultAuthenticator { get; set; }
- /// <summary>
- /// 构造函数
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="baseUrl"></param>
- /// <param name="authenticator"></param>
- public RestSharpClient(string baseUrl, IAuthenticator authenticator = null)
- {
- BaseUrl = baseUrl;
- client = new RestClient(BaseUrl);
- DefaultAuthenticator = authenticator;
- //默认时间显示格式
- DefaultDateParameterFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
- //默认校验器
- if (DefaultAuthenticator != null)
- {
- client.Authenticator = DefaultAuthenticator;
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 通用执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="request">请求参数</param>
- /// <remarks>
- /// 调用实例:
- /// var client = new RestSharpClient("http://localhost:82/");
- /// var result = client.Execute(new RestRequest("api/values", Method.GET));
- /// var content = result.Content;//返回的字符串数据
- /// </remarks>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public IRestResponse Execute(IRestRequest request)
- {
- request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat) ? DefaultDateParameterFormat : request.DateFormat;
- var response = client.Execute(request);
- return response;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 同步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <typeparam name="T">返回的泛型对象</typeparam>
- /// <param name="request">请求参数</param>
- /// <remarks>
- /// var client = new RestSharpClient("http://localhost:82/");
- /// var result = client.Execute<List<string>>(new RestRequest("api/values", Method.GET));
- /// </remarks>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public T Execute<T>(IRestRequest request) where T : new()
- {
- request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat) ? DefaultDateParameterFormat : request.DateFormat;
- var response = client.Execute<T>(request);
- return response.Data;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 异步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="request">请求参数</param>
- /// <param name="callback">回调函数</param>
- /// <remarks>
- /// 调用实例:
- /// var client = new RestSharpClient("http://localhost:62981/");
- /// client.ExecuteAsync<List<string>>(new RestRequest("api/values", Method.GET), result =>
- /// {
- /// var content = result.Content;//返回的字符串数据
- /// });
- /// </remarks>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public RestRequestAsyncHandle ExecuteAsync(IRestRequest request, Action<IRestResponse> callback)
- {
- request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat) ? DefaultDateParameterFormat : request.DateFormat;
- return client.ExecuteAsync(request, callback);
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 异步执行方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <typeparam name="T">返回的泛型对象</typeparam>
- /// <param name="request">请求参数</param>
- /// <param name="callback">回调函数</param>
- /// <remarks>
- /// 调用实例:
- /// var client = new RestSharpClient("http://localhost:62981/");
- /// client.ExecuteAsync<List<string>>(new RestRequest("api/values", Method.GET), result =>
- /// {
- /// if (result.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
- /// {
- /// return;
- /// }
- /// var data = result.Data;//返回数据
- /// });
- /// </remarks>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public RestRequestAsyncHandle ExecuteAsync<T>(IRestRequest request, Action<IRestResponse<T>> callback) where T : new()
- {
- request.DateFormat = string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.DateFormat) ? DefaultDateParameterFormat : request.DateFormat;
- return client.ExecuteAsync<T>(request, callback);
- }
- }
Setp 4
新建一个HttpHelper帮助类
- public static class HttpHelper
- {
- public static T GetApi<T>(int regattaId, string apiName, string pragm = "")
- {
- var client = new RestSharpClient($"{SiteConfig.GetSite("Url")}");
- var apiNameStr = string.Format($"{SiteConfig.GetSite($"{apiName}")}", regattaId);
- var request = client.Execute(string.IsNullOrEmpty(pragm)
- ? new RestRequest(apiNameStr, Method.GET)
- : new RestRequest($"{apiNameStr}/{pragm}", Method.GET));
- if (request.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
- {
- return (T)Convert.ChangeType(request.ErrorMessage, typeof(T));
- }
- T result = (T)Convert.ChangeType(request.Content, typeof(T));
- return result;
- }
- public static T PostApi<T>(int regattaId, int id, string url, string alias)
- {var client = new RestClient($"{url}");
- IRestRequest queest = new RestRequest();
- queest.Method = Method.POST;
- queest.AddHeader("Accept", "application/json");
- queest.RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json;
- queest.AddBody(new { userid = id, Url = url, alias = alias, count = }); // uses JsonSerializer
- var result = client.Execute(queest);
- if (result.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
- {
- return (T)Convert.ChangeType(result.ErrorMessage, typeof(T));
- }
- T request = (T)Convert.ChangeType(result.Content, typeof(T));
- return request;
- }
- }
Setp 5
调用
- //Get
- var notificationlist = HttpHelper.GetApi<string>(regattaId, "notification");//第二个参数是配置文件中的API地址
- //Post
- Task.FromResult(HttpHelper.PostApi<string>(regattaId, id, url, alias))
在API端接收上述两个请求:
- [Route("{regattaId}/[controller]")]
- [HttpGet]
- public async Task<IList<NotificationDto>> GetNotifications(int regattaId)
- {
- return await _notificationServices.GetNotifications(regattaId);
- }
- [Route("{regattaId}/pageviews")]
- [HttpPost]
- // GET: /<controller>/
- public async Task PostInfo(int regattaId, [FromBody]PageViewsDto pageViewsDto)
- {
- await _pageviewServices.InsertPostInfo(regattaId, pageViewsDto);
- }
伤处PageViewDto的定义如下:
- public class PageViewsDto
- {
- public int Id { get; set; }
- public string Url { get; set; }
- public string Alias { get; set; }
- public string UserId { get; set; }
- public int Count { get; set; }
- public PageViewsDto()
- {
- Id = ;
- Count = ;
- }
- }
更多详情可访问github:https://github.com/restsharp/RestSharp
携带实体参数发送Post请求
假设现在我们需要修改用户的一些基本信息,这些信息需要通过前端 发送到API端,那么该如何实现呢?
- public async Task<int> UpdateUser(PersonModel model)
- {
- var url = $"{SiteConfig.GetSite("Url")}{SiteConfig.GetSite("updateUserByAccount")}";
- var resultDetil = await HttpUtil.PostResultAsync<int>(model, url);
- return resultDetil;
- }
前端请求大概如上,地址URL和API名称都再配置文件中获取,下面我们看看PostResultAsync中是如何实现Post请求携带Post参数的吧
- /// <summary>
- /// 发起POST请求,并获取请求返回值
- /// </summary>
- /// <typeparam name="T">返回值类型</typeparam>
- /// <param name="obj">数据实体</param>
- /// <param name="url">接口地址</param>
- public static async Task<T> PostResultAsync<T>(object obj, string url)
- {
- //序列化设置
- var setting = new JsonSerializerSettings();
- //解决枚举类型序列化时,被转换成数字的问题
- setting.Converters.Add(new StringEnumConverter());
- setting.NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore;
- var retdata = await HttpPostAsync(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, setting));
- return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(retdata);
- }
从上面我们可以看出,首先定义了一个泛型方法,其中接收一个参数类型是Object。另一个是url,在这个异步方法体重,我们去call了另一个请求方法
- public static async Task<string> HttpPostAsync(string url, string postData, string certPath = "", string certPwd = "")
- {
- var request = CreateJsonRequest(url, HttpMethod.POST, postData, certPath, certPwd);
- return await GetResponseStringAsync(request);
- }
- private static HttpWebRequest CreateJsonRequest(string url, HttpMethod method, string postData = "", string certpath = "", string certpwd = "")
- {
- var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
- request.Method = method.ToString();
- request.ContentType = "application/json; charset=utf-8";
- request.Accept = "*/*";
- request.Timeout = ;
- request.AllowAutoRedirect = false;
- ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback((a, b, c, d) => true);
- if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(certpath) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(certpwd))
- {
- X509Certificate2 cer = new X509Certificate2(certpath, certpwd,
- X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet);
- request.ClientCertificates.Add(cer);
- }
- if (method == HttpMethod.POST)
- {
- using (var sw = new StreamWriter(request.GetRequestStream()))
- {
- sw.Write(postData);
- }
- }
- return request;
- }
- private static async Task<string> GetResponseStringAsync(HttpWebRequest request)
- {
- using (var response = await request.GetResponseAsync() as HttpWebResponse)
- {
- using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))
- {
- return reader.ReadToEnd();//获取响应
- }
- }
- }
上述中的HttpMethod.post为枚举,此枚举中列举了http请求常用格式
- public enum HttpMethod
- {
- GET,
- POST
- }
让我们看看上面提到的在Api端是如何接收的吧
- [Route("[controller]/UpdateUserByAccount")]
- [HttpPost]
- public async Task<int> UpdateUserByAccount([FromBody]PersonDto model)
- {
- return await _authenticationService.UpdateUserByAccount(model);
- }
这样,我们就实现了Post请求API时携带实体参数
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