MySQL数据库中文乱码问题

mysql> select * from books;
+-----+---------------------------------+---------+-------------+-------+------------+--------+-------------+
| bId | bName                           | bTypeId | publishing  | price | pubDate    | author | ISBN        |
+-----+---------------------------------+---------+-------------+-------+------------+--------+-------------+
|   1 | ???????                         | 2       | ????????    |    34 | 2004-10-01 | ??     | 7505380796  |
|   2 | ???????                         | 6       | ???????     |    41 | 2002-07-01 | ???    | 7121010925  |
|   3 | ????????asp                     | 2       | ?????????   |    43 | 2005-02-01 | ??     | 75053815x   |
|   4 | pagemaker 7.0??????             | 9       | ???????     |    43 | 2005-01-01 | ???    | 7121008947  |
|   5 | ????????                        | 6       | ?????????   |    44 | 2003-06-29 | ???    | 7120000233  |
|   6 | Dreamweaver 4?????              | 2       | ???????     |    44 | 2004-06-01 | ???    | 7505397699  |

1.确认并设置MySql的数据库的编码（注意下面橘色字体）
mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
 
Connection id:		2
Current database:	school
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8
Db     characterset:	utf8
Client characterset:	latin1
Conn.  characterset:	latin1
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			1 min 8 sec
 
Threads: 1  Questions: 13  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 10  Queries per second avg: 0.191
--------------

2.修改方法
首先进入数据库mysql -uroot -p123
mysql>use school
mysql> alter database school character set utf8;
mysql> alter database school character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
mysql> alter table books character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
 
3.vim /etc/my.conf //编辑修改mysql配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
character-set-server = utf8
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
 
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
 
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
4.以上保存后重启数据库
[root@orange ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
停止 mysqld：                                              [确定]
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定]
 
5.进入mysql查看字符集
mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show variables like "%colla%";
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from books;
+-----+---------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+-------------+
| bId | bName                                                   | bTypeId | publishing                        | price | pubDate    | author    | ISBN        |
+-----+---------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+-------------+
|   1 | 网站制作直通车                                          | 2       | 电脑爱好者杂志社                  |    34 | 2004-10-01 | 苗壮      | 7505380796  |
|   2 | 黑客与网络安全                                          | 6       | 航空工业出版社                    |    41 | 2002-07-01 | 白立超    | 7121010925  |
|   3 | 网络程序与设计－asp                                     | 2       | 北方交通大学出版社                |    43 | 2005-02-01 | 王玥      | 75053815x   |
|   4 | pagemaker 7.0短期培训教程                               | 9       | 中国电力出版社                    |    43 | 2005-01-01 | 孙利英    | 7121008947  |
|   5 | 黑客攻击防范秘笈                                        | 6       | 北京腾图电子出版社                |    44 | 2003-06-29 | 赵雷雨    | 7120000233  |
|   6 | Dreamweaver 4入门与提高                                 | 2       | 清华大学出版社                    |    44 | 2004-06-01 | 岳玉博    | 7505397699  |

一、避免创建数据库及表出现中文乱码和查看编码方法
1、创建数据库的时候：CREATE DATABASE `test`
CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';
2、建表的时候 CREATE TABLE `database_user` (
`ID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
`UserID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

即建库和建表时都使用相同的编码格式。　　

查看school数据库的编码格式:

mysql> show create database school;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| school   | CREATE DATABASE `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

　查看books表的编码格式

 mysql> use school
 Reading table information for completion of table and column names
 You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
 Database changed
 mysql> show create table books;
 +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
 +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | books | CREATE TABLE `books` (
   `bId` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   `bName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `bTypeId` enum('1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10') DEFAULT NULL,
   `publishing` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `price` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
   `pubDate` date DEFAULT NULL,
   `author` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
   `ISBN` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (`bId`)
 ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=45 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
 +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)