LVS负载均衡(2)-- NAT模型搭建实例
1. LVS NAT模型搭建
1.1 NAT模型网络规划
规划要点:
- 在生产环境中,客户端与企业互联网出口设备不会时同一网段地址,此处我们规划为同一网段地址,但是没有在客户端上配置网关,因此我们需要在企业出口设备上把LVS的VIP地址192.168.50.100做地址映射或端口映射,映射到企业出口防火墙的外网地址192.168.20.31。
- LVS设备在LAN网络中设置了两个IP,其中192.168.50.31为实际地址DIP,192.168.50.100为虚IP,为后面的高可用规划地址。
- 后端nginx服务器RS设备与LVS在同一网段,需要把网关指向LVS的DIP或VIP上,考虑到后期使用两台LVS做高可用,建议把网关配置为LVS的VIP地址。
- 所有的客户端都是与后端的RS主机进行TCP三次握手,而不是LVS设备。
1.2 NAT模型访问流程
NAT模型流程图如下:
NAT的访问流程如下:
- 1、当用户请求到达 Director Server ,此时请求的数据报文会先到内核空间的 PREROUTING 链。 此时报文的源IP为CIP , 目标IP为VIP;
- 2、 PREROUTING 检查发现数据包的目标 IP 是本机,将数据包送至 INPUT 链;
- 3、 IPVS 比对数据包请求的服务是否为集群服务,若是,通过调度算法挑选一台后端 RS 服务器,并修改数据包的 目标IP为RS的IP ,然后将数据包发至POSTROUTING 链。 此时报文的 源IP为CIP , 目标IP为RIP ;
- 4、 POSTROUTING 链通过选路,将数据包通过 Director Server 的 DIP 发送给 RS ;
- 5、 RS 发现目标为自己的 IP ,则交给应用程序处理,然后构建响应报文发回给Director Server 。 此时报文的 源IP为RIP , 目标IP为CIP ;
- 6、 Director Server 在响应客户端前,会将源 IP 地址修改为 VIP 地址,然后响应给客户端。此时报文的 源IP为VIP , 目标IP为CIP;
1.3 NAT模型配置步骤
1.3.1 ROUTER设备配置
ROUTER设备的IP地址和路由信息如下:
[root@router ~]# ip add
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:a9:ca brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.20.50/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:a9:d4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.50/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute eth2
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #此场景中无需配置路由
[root@router ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth1
192.168.50.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 104 0 0 eth2
打开router设备的ip_forward功能:
[root@router ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@router ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
把LVS的虚IP地址的80和443端口映射到路由器外网地址的80和443端口,也可以使用地址映射:
#端口映射:
[root@router ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.20.50 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.50.100:80
[root@router ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.20.50 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to 192.168.50.100:443 #地址映射:
[root@router ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.20.50 -j DNAT --to 192.168.50.100 #源NAT,让内部主机上网使用
[root@router ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.50.0/24 -j SNAT --to 192.168.20.50 #查看NAT配置:
[root@router ~]# iptables -t nat -vnL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DNAT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.20.50 tcp dpt:80 to:192.168.50.100:80
0 0 DNAT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.20.50 tcp dpt:443 to:192.168.50.100:443 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 SNAT all -- * * 192.168.50.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:192.168.20.50
1.3.2 后端nginx服务器配置
nginx02主机的网络配置如下:
[root@nginx02 ~]# ip add
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:f9:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.22/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute eth2
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #路由配置:网关指向LVS的VIP地址192.168.50.100
[root@nginx02 ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.50.100 #本实验场景中存在ETH1口地址为192.168.20.0/24网段,因此需要配置指向客户端的主机路由,生产中不需要
[root@nginx02 ~]# ip route add 192.168.20.17/32 via 192.168.50.100 [root@nginx02 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.50.100 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth1
192.168.20.17 192.168.50.100 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth2
192.168.50.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 103 0 0 eth2
nginx03主机的网络配置如下:
[root@nginx03 ~]# ip add
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:0a:bf:63 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.23/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute eth2
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #路由配置:网关指向LVS的VIP地址192.168.50.100
[root@nginx03 ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.50.100 #本实验场景中存在ETH1口地址为192.168.20.0/24网段,因此需要配置指向客户端的主机路由,生产中不需要
[root@nginx03 ~]# ip route add 192.168.20.17/32 via 192.168.50.100 [root@nginx03 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.50.100 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth1
192.168.20.17 192.168.50.100 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth2
192.168.50.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 103 0 0 eth2
nginx配置文件两台WEB服务器保持一致:
[root@nginx03 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/xuzhichao.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.xuzhichao.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access_xuzhichao.log access_json;
charset utf-8,gbk; #SSL配置
ssl_certificate_key /apps/nginx/certs/www.xuzhichao.com.key;
ssl_certificate /apps/nginx/certs/www.xuzhichao.com.crt;
ssl_session_cache shared:ssl_cache:20m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
keepalive_timeout 65; #防盗链
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.b.com b.* ~\.baidu\. ~\.google\.; if ( $invalid_referer ) {
return 403;
} client_max_body_size 10m; #浏览器图标
location = /favicon.ico {
root /data/nginx/xuzhichao;
} location / {
root /data/nginx/xuzhichao;
index index.html index.php; #http自动跳转https
if ($scheme = http) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://www.xuzhichao.com/$1;
}
}
} #重启nginx服务:
[root@nginx03 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx03 ~]# systemctl reload nginx.service
nginx02主机的主页文件如下:
[root@nginx02 certs]# cat /data/nginx/xuzhichao/index.html
node1.xuzhichao.com page
nginx03主机的主页文件如下:
[root@nginx03 ~]# cat /data/nginx/xuzhichao/index.html
node2.xuzhichao.com page
测试访问:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# curl -Hhost:www.xuzhichao.com -k https://192.168.50.23
node2.xuzhichao.com page
[root@lvs-01 ~]# curl -Hhost:www.xuzhichao.com -k https://192.168.50.22
node1.xuzhichao.com page
1.3.3 LVS设备配置
LVS设备的网络配置如下:
#1.配置虚地址192.168.50.100
#临时配置:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ifconfig eth2:1 192.168.50.100/24 up #永久配置,使用配置文件:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2:1
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.50.100
PREFIX=24
DEVICE=eth2:1
NAME=eth2:1
DEFROUTE=yes
ONBOOT=yes #重启网卡:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ifdown eth2 && ifup eth2
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ifdown eth2:1 && ifup eth2:1 #2.LVS地址配置:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ip add
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:21:84:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.31/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute eth2
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.50.100/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global secondary eth2:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #3.LVS配置默认路由指向出口路由器192.168.50.50
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.50.50 #本实验场景中存在ETH1口地址为192.168.20.0/24网段,因此需要配置指向客户端的主机路由,生产中不需要
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ip route add 192.168.20.17/32 via 192.168.50.50 [root@lvs-01 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.50.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth1
192.168.20.17 192.168.50.50 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth2
192.168.50.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 eth2
打开lvs设备的ip_forward功能:
[root@router ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@router ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
配置IPVS的规则:
#创建80和443两个集群,并添加后端主机:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.50.100:80 -s rr
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.50.100:443 -s rr
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.100:80 -r 192.168.50.22:80 -m
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.100:80 -r 192.168.50.23:80 -m
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.100:443 -r 192.168.50.22:443 -m
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.50.100:443 -r 192.168.50.23:443 -m [root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.50.100:80 rr
-> 192.168.50.22:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.50.23:80 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 192.168.50.100:443 rr
-> 192.168.50.22:443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.50.23:443 Masq 1 0 0
1.3.4 客户端访问测试
客户端网络配置如下:
[root@xuzhichao ~]# ip add
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2f:d0:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.20.17/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@xuzhichao ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth1
测试访问:
#1.测试使用http方式访问,重定向到https
[root@xuzhichao ~]# for i in {1..10} ;do curl -k -L -Hhost:www,xuzhichao.com http://192.168.20.50; done
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page #2.测试直接使用https方式访问
[root@xuzhichao ~]# for i in {1..10} ;do curl -k -Hhost:www,xuzhichao.com https://192.168.20.50; done
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
node2.xuzhichao.com page
node1.xuzhichao.com page
查看LVS的状态信息:
[root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln --stats
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Conns InPkts OutPkts InBytes OutBytes
-> RemoteAddress:Port
TCP 192.168.50.100:80 21 122 71 7976 9278
-> 192.168.50.22:80 10 62 39 4056 4902
-> 192.168.50.23:80 11 60 32 3920 4376
TCP 192.168.50.100:443 22 198 132 20454 60570
-> 192.168.50.22:443 11 99 66 10227 30285
-> 192.168.50.23:443 11 99 66 10227 30285 [root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln --rate
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port CPS InPPS OutPPS InBPS OutBPS
-> RemoteAddress:Port
TCP 192.168.50.100:80 0 1 1 89 122
-> 192.168.50.22:80 0 1 0 44 61
-> 192.168.50.23:80 0 1 0 44 61
TCP 192.168.50.100:443 0 2 1 210 614
-> 192.168.50.22:443 0 1 1 105 307
-> 192.168.50.23:443 0 1 1 105 307 [root@lvs-01 ~]# ipvsadm -Lnc
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52494 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 00:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43218 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52530 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52554 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43260 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43240 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52570 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52506 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43280 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43304 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52502 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 00:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43220 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43330 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52510 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43268 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52542 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43328 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43232 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 02:00 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43342 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 02:00 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43338 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:11 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43212 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43272 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43248 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43314 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:07 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52466 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 15:00 ESTABLISHED 192.168.20.17:43344 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43318 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 02:00 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43334 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43320 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43284 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 02:00 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43340 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52518 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43308 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43236 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52566 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 00:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43222 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52534 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 00:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43230 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43214 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43264 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43256 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43332 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43252 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52498 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 00:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43216 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43322 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43226 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43292 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43224 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52522 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52546 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52562 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43300 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43324 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52538 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43326 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52550 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 00:31 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43244 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43288 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 02:00 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43336 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52526 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43276 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 00:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43228 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52558 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.22:80
TCP 01:22 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43312 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 01:21 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43296 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:07 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43208 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.23:443
TCP 01:40 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:43316 192.168.50.100:443 192.168.50.22:443
TCP 00:32 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52514 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
TCP 00:11 TIME_WAIT 192.168.20.17:52470 192.168.50.100:80 192.168.50.23:80
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