【ClickHouse】4：clickhouse基本操作二 建库建表导数据

背景介绍：

有三台CentOS7服务器安装了ClickHouse

HostName	IP	安装程序	程序端口
centf8118.sharding1.db	192.168.81.18	clickhouse-server，clickhouse-client	9000
centf8119.sharding2.db	192.168.81.19	clickhouse-server，clickhouse-client	9000
centf8120.sharding3.db	192.168.81.20	clickhouse-server，clickhouse-client	9000

1：创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [ENGINE = engine(...)]

　　

CREATE DATABASE testdb；  //创建数据库

DROP DATABASE testdb；     //删除数据库

2：建表

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(
    name1 [type1] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr1] [compression_codec] [TTL expr1],
    name2 [type2] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr2] [compression_codec] [TTL expr2],
    ...
) ENGINE = engine

　　

CREATE TABLE test_table(
    province        String,
    province_name         String,
    create_date           date
) ENGINE = MergeTree(create_date, (province), 8192);

如果直接这样执行会报错，有两种方法解决：
1： 在每一行后面加右斜杠，比如：

CREATE TABLE test_table( \
    province        String, \
    province_name         String, \
    create_date           date \
) ENGINE = MergeTree(create_date, (province), 8192);

2： 在登录的时候加 -m参数支持多行模式，比如：
clickhouse-client -m

ENGINE：是表的引擎类型，最常用的MergeTree。还有一个Log引擎也是比较常用。MergeTree要求有一个日期字段，还有主键。Log没有这个限制。
create_date：是表的日期字段，一个表必须要有一个日期字段。
province：是表的主键，主键可以有多个字段，每个字段用逗号分隔
8192：是索引粒度，用默认值8192即可。

3：导入数据

3.1：普通的CSV文件导入。

cat > test_table.csv << EOF
WA,WA_NAME,2020-08-25
CA,CA_NAME,2020-09-25
OR,OR_NAME,2020-10-25
EOF

　　

–导数
clickhouse-client --query "INSERT INTO testdb.test_table FORMAT CSV" < test_table.csv;

–或者用管道的方式
cat test_table.csv | clickhouse-client --query “INSERT INTO testdb.test_table FORMAT CSV”

查看结果数据：

centf8118.sharding1.db :) select * from test_table limit 2 ;

SELECT *
FROM test_table
LIMIT 2

┌─province─┬─province_name─┬─create_date─┐
│ WA       │ WA_NAME       │  2020-08-25 │
└──────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┘
┌─province─┬─province_name─┬─create_date─┐
│ CA       │ CA_NAME       │  2020-09-25 │
└──────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┘

2 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.004 sec. 

3.2：特殊的CSV文件导入（包含回车换行，转义符等）。

–建表（sql语句）
CREATE TABLE testdb.test_table3 ( id1 UInt32, id2 Float32, name1 String, name2 String, date1 Date, date2 DateTime) ENGINE = Log;

–测试数据（Linux命令）

[root@centf8118 tmp]# cat test_table3.csv
1,123.456,”abc 123”,” abc" "'123”,2020-08-26,2020-08-26 17:08:09

–执行导入（Linux命令）
clickhouse-client --query "INSERT INTO testdb.test_table3 FORMAT CSV" < test_table3.csv

–查看结果（sql语句）

centf8118.sharding1.db :) select * from test_table3;

SELECT *
FROM test_table3

┌─id1─┬─────id2─┬─name1─────┬─name2────────────┬──────date1─┬───────────────date2─┐
│   1 │ 123.456 │ ”abc 123” │ ”  abc"    "'123” │ 2020-08-26 │ 2020-08-26 17:08:09 │
└─────┴─────────┴───────────┴──────────────────┴────────────┴─────────────────────┘

3.3：尝试导入官方提供的大数据表

官方文档： https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/getting-started/tutorial/

1>>下载并提取表数据，提取的文件大小约为10GB。

我这里下载到/data/clickhouse/tmp/目录下。

curl https://clickhouse-datasets.s3.yandex.net/hits/tsv/hits_v1.tsv.xz | unxz --threads=`nproc` > hits_v1.tsv
curl https://clickhouse-datasets.s3.yandex.net/visits/tsv/visits_v1.tsv.xz | unxz --threads=`nproc` > visits_v1.tsv

　

[root@centf8118 tmp]# curl https://clickhouse-datasets.s3.yandex.net/hits/tsv/hits_v1.tsv.xz | unxz --threads=`nproc` > hits_v1.tsv
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  802M  100  802M    0     0  8074k      0  0:01:41  0:01:41 --:--:-- 9047k
[root@centf8118 tmp]# curl https://clickhouse-datasets.s3.yandex.net/visits/tsv/visits_v1.tsv.xz | unxz --threads=`nproc` > visits_v1.tsv
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  405M  100  405M    0     0  8790k      0  0:00:47  0:00:47 --:--:-- 9911k

　　

查看目录下文件大小为9.8G。

[root@centf8118 ~]# du -sh /data/clickhouse/tmp
9.8G	/data/clickhouse/tmp

　　

2>>创建新的数据库：tutorial

clickhouse-client --query "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS tutorial"

3>>创建要导入数据的表：tutorial.hits_v1和tutorial.visits_v1

创建tutorial.hits_v1表：

CREATE TABLE tutorial.hits_v1
(
    `WatchID` UInt64,
    `JavaEnable` UInt8,
    `Title` String,
    `GoodEvent` Int16,
    `EventTime` DateTime,
    `EventDate` Date,
    `CounterID` UInt32,
    `ClientIP` UInt32,
    `ClientIP6` FixedString(16),
    `RegionID` UInt32,
    `UserID` UInt64,
    `CounterClass` Int8,
    `OS` UInt8,
    `UserAgent` UInt8,
    `URL` String,
    `Referer` String,
    `URLDomain` String,
    `RefererDomain` String,
    `Refresh` UInt8,
    `IsRobot` UInt8,
    `RefererCategories` Array(UInt16),
    `URLCategories` Array(UInt16),
    `URLRegions` Array(UInt32),
    `RefererRegions` Array(UInt32),
    `ResolutionWidth` UInt16,
    `ResolutionHeight` UInt16,
    `ResolutionDepth` UInt8,
    `FlashMajor` UInt8,
    `FlashMinor` UInt8,
    `FlashMinor2` String,
    `NetMajor` UInt8,
    `NetMinor` UInt8,
    `UserAgentMajor` UInt16,
    `UserAgentMinor` FixedString(2),
    `CookieEnable` UInt8,
    `JavascriptEnable` UInt8,
    `IsMobile` UInt8,
    `MobilePhone` UInt8,
    `MobilePhoneModel` String,
    `Params` String,
    `IPNetworkID` UInt32,
    `TraficSourceID` Int8,
    `SearchEngineID` UInt16,
    `SearchPhrase` String,
    `AdvEngineID` UInt8,
    `IsArtifical` UInt8,
    `WindowClientWidth` UInt16,
    `WindowClientHeight` UInt16,
    `ClientTimeZone` Int16,
    `ClientEventTime` DateTime,
    `SilverlightVersion1` UInt8,
    `SilverlightVersion2` UInt8,
    `SilverlightVersion3` UInt32,
    `SilverlightVersion4` UInt16,
    `PageCharset` String,
    `CodeVersion` UInt32,
    `IsLink` UInt8,
    `IsDownload` UInt8,
    `IsNotBounce` UInt8,
    `FUniqID` UInt64,
    `HID` UInt32,
    `IsOldCounter` UInt8,
    `IsEvent` UInt8,
    `IsParameter` UInt8,
    `DontCountHits` UInt8,
    `WithHash` UInt8,
    `HitColor` FixedString(1),
    `UTCEventTime` DateTime,
    `Age` UInt8,
    `Sex` UInt8,
    `Income` UInt8,
    `Interests` UInt16,
    `Robotness` UInt8,
    `GeneralInterests` Array(UInt16),
    `RemoteIP` UInt32,
    `RemoteIP6` FixedString(16),
    `WindowName` Int32,
    `OpenerName` Int32,
    `HistoryLength` Int16,
    `BrowserLanguage` FixedString(2),
    `BrowserCountry` FixedString(2),
    `SocialNetwork` String,
    `SocialAction` String,
    `HTTPError` UInt16,
    `SendTiming` Int32,
    `DNSTiming` Int32,
    `ConnectTiming` Int32,
    `ResponseStartTiming` Int32,
    `ResponseEndTiming` Int32,
    `FetchTiming` Int32,
    `RedirectTiming` Int32,
    `DOMInteractiveTiming` Int32,
    `DOMContentLoadedTiming` Int32,
    `DOMCompleteTiming` Int32,
    `LoadEventStartTiming` Int32,
    `LoadEventEndTiming` Int32,
    `NSToDOMContentLoadedTiming` Int32,
    `FirstPaintTiming` Int32,
    `RedirectCount` Int8,
    `SocialSourceNetworkID` UInt8,
    `SocialSourcePage` String,
    `ParamPrice` Int64,
    `ParamOrderID` String,
    `ParamCurrency` FixedString(3),
    `ParamCurrencyID` UInt16,
    `GoalsReached` Array(UInt32),
    `OpenstatServiceName` String,
    `OpenstatCampaignID` String,
    `OpenstatAdID` String,
    `OpenstatSourceID` String,
    `UTMSource` String,
    `UTMMedium` String,
    `UTMCampaign` String,
    `UTMContent` String,
    `UTMTerm` String,
    `FromTag` String,
    `HasGCLID` UInt8,
    `RefererHash` UInt64,
    `URLHash` UInt64,
    `CLID` UInt32,
    `YCLID` UInt64,
    `ShareService` String,
    `ShareURL` String,
    `ShareTitle` String,
    `ParsedParams` Nested(
        Key1 String,
        Key2 String,
        Key3 String,
        Key4 String,
        Key5 String,
        ValueDouble Float64),
    `IslandID` FixedString(16),
    `RequestNum` UInt32,
    `RequestTry` UInt8
)
ENGINE = MergeTree()
PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(EventDate)
ORDER BY (CounterID, EventDate, intHash32(UserID))
SAMPLE BY intHash32(UserID)
SETTINGS index_granularity = 8192;

创建tutorial.visits_v1表：

CREATE TABLE tutorial.visits_v1
(
    `CounterID` UInt32,
    `StartDate` Date,
    `Sign` Int8,
    `IsNew` UInt8,
    `VisitID` UInt64,
    `UserID` UInt64,
    `StartTime` DateTime,
    `Duration` UInt32,
    `UTCStartTime` DateTime,
    `PageViews` Int32,
    `Hits` Int32,
    `IsBounce` UInt8,
    `Referer` String,
    `StartURL` String,
    `RefererDomain` String,
    `StartURLDomain` String,
    `EndURL` String,
    `LinkURL` String,
    `IsDownload` UInt8,
    `TraficSourceID` Int8,
    `SearchEngineID` UInt16,
    `SearchPhrase` String,
    `AdvEngineID` UInt8,
    `PlaceID` Int32,
    `RefererCategories` Array(UInt16),
    `URLCategories` Array(UInt16),
    `URLRegions` Array(UInt32),
    `RefererRegions` Array(UInt32),
    `IsYandex` UInt8,
    `GoalReachesDepth` Int32,
    `GoalReachesURL` Int32,
    `GoalReachesAny` Int32,
    `SocialSourceNetworkID` UInt8,
    `SocialSourcePage` String,
    `MobilePhoneModel` String,
    `ClientEventTime` DateTime,
    `RegionID` UInt32,
    `ClientIP` UInt32,
    `ClientIP6` FixedString(16),
    `RemoteIP` UInt32,
    `RemoteIP6` FixedString(16),
    `IPNetworkID` UInt32,
    `SilverlightVersion3` UInt32,
    `CodeVersion` UInt32,
    `ResolutionWidth` UInt16,
    `ResolutionHeight` UInt16,
    `UserAgentMajor` UInt16,
    `UserAgentMinor` UInt16,
    `WindowClientWidth` UInt16,
    `WindowClientHeight` UInt16,
    `SilverlightVersion2` UInt8,
    `SilverlightVersion4` UInt16,
    `FlashVersion3` UInt16,
    `FlashVersion4` UInt16,
    `ClientTimeZone` Int16,
    `OS` UInt8,
    `UserAgent` UInt8,
    `ResolutionDepth` UInt8,
    `FlashMajor` UInt8,
    `FlashMinor` UInt8,
    `NetMajor` UInt8,
    `NetMinor` UInt8,
    `MobilePhone` UInt8,
    `SilverlightVersion1` UInt8,
    `Age` UInt8,
    `Sex` UInt8,
    `Income` UInt8,
    `JavaEnable` UInt8,
    `CookieEnable` UInt8,
    `JavascriptEnable` UInt8,
    `IsMobile` UInt8,
    `BrowserLanguage` UInt16,
    `BrowserCountry` UInt16,
    `Interests` UInt16,
    `Robotness` UInt8,
    `GeneralInterests` Array(UInt16),
    `Params` Array(String),
    `Goals` Nested(
        ID UInt32,
        Serial UInt32,
        EventTime DateTime,
        Price Int64,
        OrderID String,
        CurrencyID UInt32),
    `WatchIDs` Array(UInt64),
    `ParamSumPrice` Int64,
    `ParamCurrency` FixedString(3),
    `ParamCurrencyID` UInt16,
    `ClickLogID` UInt64,
    `ClickEventID` Int32,
    `ClickGoodEvent` Int32,
    `ClickEventTime` DateTime,
    `ClickPriorityID` Int32,
    `ClickPhraseID` Int32,
    `ClickPageID` Int32,
    `ClickPlaceID` Int32,
    `ClickTypeID` Int32,
    `ClickResourceID` Int32,
    `ClickCost` UInt32,
    `ClickClientIP` UInt32,
    `ClickDomainID` UInt32,
    `ClickURL` String,
    `ClickAttempt` UInt8,
    `ClickOrderID` UInt32,
    `ClickBannerID` UInt32,
    `ClickMarketCategoryID` UInt32,
    `ClickMarketPP` UInt32,
    `ClickMarketCategoryName` String,
    `ClickMarketPPName` String,
    `ClickAWAPSCampaignName` String,
    `ClickPageName` String,
    `ClickTargetType` UInt16,
    `ClickTargetPhraseID` UInt64,
    `ClickContextType` UInt8,
    `ClickSelectType` Int8,
    `ClickOptions` String,
    `ClickGroupBannerID` Int32,
    `OpenstatServiceName` String,
    `OpenstatCampaignID` String,
    `OpenstatAdID` String,
    `OpenstatSourceID` String,
    `UTMSource` String,
    `UTMMedium` String,
    `UTMCampaign` String,
    `UTMContent` String,
    `UTMTerm` String,
    `FromTag` String,
    `HasGCLID` UInt8,
    `FirstVisit` DateTime,
    `PredLastVisit` Date,
    `LastVisit` Date,
    `TotalVisits` UInt32,
    `TraficSource` Nested(
        ID Int8,
        SearchEngineID UInt16,
        AdvEngineID UInt8,
        PlaceID UInt16,
        SocialSourceNetworkID UInt8,
        Domain String,
        SearchPhrase String,
        SocialSourcePage String),
    `Attendance` FixedString(16),
    `CLID` UInt32,
    `YCLID` UInt64,
    `NormalizedRefererHash` UInt64,
    `SearchPhraseHash` UInt64,
    `RefererDomainHash` UInt64,
    `NormalizedStartURLHash` UInt64,
    `StartURLDomainHash` UInt64,
    `NormalizedEndURLHash` UInt64,
    `TopLevelDomain` UInt64,
    `URLScheme` UInt64,
    `OpenstatServiceNameHash` UInt64,
    `OpenstatCampaignIDHash` UInt64,
    `OpenstatAdIDHash` UInt64,
    `OpenstatSourceIDHash` UInt64,
    `UTMSourceHash` UInt64,
    `UTMMediumHash` UInt64,
    `UTMCampaignHash` UInt64,
    `UTMContentHash` UInt64,
    `UTMTermHash` UInt64,
    `FromHash` UInt64,
    `WebVisorEnabled` UInt8,
    `WebVisorActivity` UInt32,
    `ParsedParams` Nested(
        Key1 String,
        Key2 String,
        Key3 String,
        Key4 String,
        Key5 String,
        ValueDouble Float64),
    `Market` Nested(
        Type UInt8,
        GoalID UInt32,
        OrderID String,
        OrderPrice Int64,
        PP UInt32,
        DirectPlaceID UInt32,
        DirectOrderID UInt32,
        DirectBannerID UInt32,
        GoodID String,
        GoodName String,
        GoodQuantity Int32,
        GoodPrice Int64),
    `IslandID` FixedString(16)
)
ENGINE = CollapsingMergeTree(Sign)
PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(StartDate)
ORDER BY (CounterID, StartDate, intHash32(UserID), VisitID)
SAMPLE BY intHash32(UserID)
SETTINGS index_granularity = 8192；

4>>导入数据

clickhouse-client --query "INSERT INTO tutorial.hits_v1 FORMAT TSV" --max_insert_block_size=100000 < hits_v1.tsv

clickhouse-client --query "INSERT INTO tutorial.visits_v1 FORMAT TSV" --max_insert_block_size=100000 < visits_v1.tsv

　　

数据导入完后，优化一下表

clickhouse-client --query "OPTIMIZE TABLE tutorial.hits_v1 FINAL"

clickhouse-client --query "OPTIMIZE TABLE tutorial.visits_v1 FINAL"

　　

优化完之后，查看下表数据量

clickhouse-client --query "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tutorial.hits_v1"

clickhouse-client --query "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tutorial.visits_v1"

　　

[root@centf8118 tmp]# clickhouse-client --query "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tutorial.hits_v1"
8873898
[root@centf8118 tmp]# clickhouse-client --query "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tutorial.visits_v1"
1676861

查询数据

SELECT
    StartURL AS URL,
    AVG(Duration) AS AvgDuration
FROM tutorial.visits_v1
WHERE StartDate BETWEEN '2014-03-23' AND '2014-03-30'
GROUP BY URL
ORDER BY AvgDuration DESC
LIMIT 10

SELECT
    sum(Sign) AS visits,
    sumIf(Sign, has(Goals.ID, 1105530)) AS goal_visits,
    (100. * goal_visits) / visits AS goal_percent
FROM tutorial.visits_v1
WHERE (CounterID = 912887) AND (toYYYYMM(StartDate) = 201403) AND (domain(StartURL) = 'yandex.ru')