WPF界面设计技巧（1）—不规则窗体图文指南

原文:WPF界面设计技巧（1）—不规则窗体图文指南

初到园子，奉上第一篇入门级教程，请勿见笑。

以往WinForm编程中，实现不规则窗体是有一定难度的，更难的是不规则窗体的边缘抗锯齿及局部透明处理。而现在，WPF的出现使这个问题迎刃而解，使得我们可以轻松、灵活地美化用户界面。

下面就让我们来看看如何实现一个不规则窗体：

首先我们需要借助Microsoft Expression Design 2来进行图形设计。（这里使用Photoshop等传统软件也可以，但是只能利用PNG格式来实现透明，其缺点就是不支持无损缩放，且不支持动态修改。）

打开Microsoft Expression Design 2中文版，点击菜单“文件 > 新建”，依照下图进行设置，这里将文档尺寸单位设为“像素”，便于与应用程序的布局单位相对应。



然后随心所欲的画吧，想画成什么样都行，但注意Microsoft Expression Design 2中绘制的图形并非全部都是矢量的，比如纹理填充、一些特殊笔刷以及滤镜效果(输出时有“将实时效果转换为XAML效果”的选项，但是点了无用，不知道是不是BUG)都会以位图形式输出。

这是我画出来的图形：



这里要注意的是：最好将所有元素都放在一个图层里，因为我们后面导出资源字典的时候需要依据图层来分组，我们画好之后要给图层重命名，在这里我给它命名为“back”，这个名称将在后面代码中引用资源时使用。



接下来点击菜单“文件 > 导出...”，将格式设为“XAML WPF 资源字典”，分组依据设为“层”，实时效果设为“转换为XAML效果”(貌似无用的设置)。然后按“浏览...”按钮选择输出路径，然后按“全部导出”按钮完成导出。



然后就可以保存文件，关闭Microsoft Expression Design 2了。

打开Microsoft Visual Studio 2008，点击菜单“文件 > 新建 > 项目...”，选择“WPF 应用程序”，名称设为“不规则窗体”。

点击菜单“项目 > 添加现有项...”，浏览并选择此前导出的资源字典文件(选的时候注意把右边的文件类型过滤改一下，默认是C#文件类型)。如下图所示，这就是导入的资源字典文件。



引入的资源字典内容如下，我们不需要搞明白这些对图形的描述语法，只要了解其中的“x:Key="back"”对应的是我们之前设计时的图层名称，我们在程序中引用此资源时要使用这个名称。

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现在我们要把这个资源字典引入程序集，打开“App.xaml”文件，添加下图中红色框内的代码。



<Application x:Class="不规则窗体.App"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    StartupUri="Window1.xaml">    <Application.Resources>        <ResourceDictionary>            <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>                <ResourceDictionary Source="cnblogs-SkyD.xaml"/>            </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>        </ResourceDictionary>    </Application.Resources></Application>

然后打开“Window1.xaml”文件的设计视图，点击窗体边缘以选中窗体，依照下图所示，在属性面板中更改AllowsTransparency及WindowStyle属性。

AllowsTransparency 指示窗体是否支持透明。

WindowStyle指示窗体边框样式，设为 None 为无边框。



切换到XAML代码视图，依照下图所示，为 Window 元素添加Background和 MouseDown属性定义。

Background 属性指示窗体的背景，这里引用资源中的“back”，就是我们之前画好的图形啦。

MouseDown 是鼠标按下时产生的事件，我们要为之定义一个事件处理函数以实现窗体拖动功能。



<Window x:Class="不规则窗体.Window1"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    Title="Window1"     Height="450"     Width="450"     AllowsTransparency="True"     WindowStyle="None"     Background="{StaticResource back}"    MouseDown="Window_MouseDown">    <Grid>            </Grid></Window>

在上图的“Window_MouseDown”字符上单击右键，在弹出菜单中选择“定位到事件处理程序”，即会转到“Window1.xaml.cs”代码视图，依照下图输入代码。



        private void Window_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)        {            if(e.ChangedButton==MouseButton.Left)this.DragMove();        }

至此就完成了不规则窗体的创制了。

编译运行看看：



嗯嗯，效果很酷的说，你说什么？没有关闭按钮？这么好看的界面你舍得关吗？

好吧，要实现关闭按钮也很简单啦，自己搞个按钮在上面，在 Click 事件中执行 this.Close(); 就OK啦，我是懒得搞了哈。

此效果在任何装有.Net框架3.0的机器上都可以运作，不用再羡慕Adobe AIR的外观了，WPF可以做得更好！

再来张Vista切换窗口时的图：



源代码下载(包含Design设计文件)：不规则窗体