Python Learning Day6

selenium操作

　　点击、清除操作

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome( )
 
try:
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    #1、往jd发送请求
    driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')
    #找到输入框输入围城
    input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
    input_tag.send_keys('围城')
    #键盘回车
    input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(2)
    #找到输入框输入墨菲定律
    input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
    input_tag.clear()
    input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律')
    #找到搜索按钮点击搜索
    button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button')
    button.click()
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    driver.close()

　　获取cookies

from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
    print(driver.get_cookies())
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    driver.close()

　　选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键：

import time
from selenium import webdriver
#
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
#
    execute_script: 执行javascrpit代码
    #弹窗操作
    browser.execute_script('alert("tank")')
    #新建浏览器窗口
    browser.execute_script(
        '''
        window.open();
        '''
    )
    time.sleep(1)
    print(browser.window_handles)  获取所有的选项卡
    #切换到第二个窗口
    #新:
    browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
    #旧:
    #browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
   # 第二个窗口往淘宝发送请求
    browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
    time.sleep(5)
 
    #切换到第一个窗口
    browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
    browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')
 
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    browser.close()

　　ActionChangs动作链

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
#
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
try:
    driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult')
    #切换到id为iframeResult的窗口内
    driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
   # 源位置
    draggable = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
    #目标位置
    droppable = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')
    #调用ActionChains，必须把驱动对象传进去
    #得到一个动作链对象，复制给一个变量
    actions = ActionChains(driver)
    #方式一: 机器人
    #瞬间把源图片位置秒移到目标图片位置
    #actions.drag_and_drop(draggable, droppable)  编写一个行为
    #actions.perform()  执行编写好的行为
    #方式二: 模拟人的行为
    source = draggable.location['x']
    target = droppable.location['x']
    print(source, target)
    distance = target - source
    print(distance)
    #perform：每个动作都要调用perform执行
    #点击并摁住源图片
    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(draggable).perform()
    s = 0
    while s < distance:
        #执行位移操作
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform()
        s += 2
   # 释放动作链
    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
 
    time.sleep(10)
 
finally:
    driver.close()

　　前进、后退

from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')
    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
    driver.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
    time.sleep(2)
    #回退操作
    driver.back()
    time.sleep(1)
    #前进操作
    driver.forward()
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.back()
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    driver.close()

破解登录

　　步骤:
　　1、打开文件的查看，显示隐藏文件
　　2、找到C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data
　　删除Default文件
　　3、重新打开浏览器，并登陆百度账号
　　- 此时会创建一个新的Default缓存文件
　　4、添加cookies
　　5、关闭谷歌浏览器后执行程序

# 获取options对象，参数对象
options = ChromeOptions()
 
# 获取cookies保存路径
# 'C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data'
profile_directory = r'--user-data-dir=C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data'
 
# 添加用户信息目录
options.add_argument(profile_directory)
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
import time
# 把参数加载到当前驱动中  chrome_options默认参数，用来接收options对象
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
try:
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
    '''
    BDUSS:*****
    '''
    # 添加用户cookies信息
    # name、value必须小写
    driver.add_cookie({"name": "BDUSS", "value": "用户session字符串"})
    # 刷新操作
    driver.refresh()
    time.sleep(10)
finally:
    driver.close()

爬取京东商品信息

　　爬取京东商品信息:

　　　　请求url:
　　　　　　https://www.jd.com/
　　提取商品信息:
　　　　1.商品详情页
　　　　2.商品名称
　　　　3.商品价格
　　　　4.评价人数

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
 
def get_good(driver):
    try:
 
        # 通过JS控制滚轮滑动获取所有商品信息
        js_code = '''
            window.scrollTo(0,5000);
        '''
        driver.execute_script(js_code)  # 执行js代码
 
        # 等待数据加载
        time.sleep(2)
 
        # 3、查找所有商品div
        # good_div = driver.find_element_by_id('J_goodsList')
        good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
        n = 1
        for good in good_list:
            # 根据属性选择器查找
            # 商品链接
            good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector(
                '.p-img a').get_attribute('href')
 
            # 商品名称
            good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector(
                '.p-name em').text.replace("\n", "--")
 
            # 商品价格
            good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name(
                'p-price').text.replace("\n", ":")
 
            # 评价人数
            good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name(
                'p-commit').text.replace("\n", " ")
 
            good_content = f'''
                        商品链接: {good_url}
                        商品名称: {good_name}
                        商品价格: {good_price}
                        评价人数: {good_commit}
                        \n
                        '''
            print(good_content)
            with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(good_content)
 
        next_tag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pn-next')
        next_tag.click()
 
        time.sleep(2)
 
        # 递归调用函数
        get_good(driver)
 
        time.sleep(10)
 
    finally:
        driver.close()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    good_name = input('请输入爬取商品信息:').strip()
 
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    # 1、往京东主页发送请求
    driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')
 
    # 2、输入商品名称，并回车搜索
    input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
    input_tag.send_keys(good_name)
    input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(2)
 
    get_good(driver)

破解滑动验证

　　破解极验滑动验证　　
　　　　博客园登录url:
　　　　　https://account.cnblogs.com/signinreturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2F
　　　　1、输入用户名与密码，并点击登录
　　　　2、弹出滑动验证，获取有缺口与完整的图片
　　　　3、通过像素点进行比对，获取滑动位移距离
　　　　4、模拟人的行为轨迹
　　　　5、开始滑动

from selenium import webdriver  # 用来驱动浏览器的
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains  # 破解滑动验证码的时候用的 可以拖动图片
import time
from PIL import Image  # pip3 install pillow
import random
 
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument('disable-infobars')
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=option)
 
def get_snap(driver):
    # selenium自带的截图网页全屏图片
    driver.save_screenshot('snap.png')
 
    img = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_canvas_img')
 
    left = img.location['x']
 
    upper = img.location['y']
 
    right = left + img.size['width']
    lower = upper + img.size['height']
 
    # print(left, upper, right, lower)
    img_obj = Image.open('snap.png')
 
    # 对屏幕进行截取,获取滑动验证图片
    image = img_obj.crop((left, upper, right, lower))
 
    return image
 
def get_image1(driver):
    time.sleep(0.2)
    js_code = '''
    var x = document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="block";
    console.log(x)
    '''
 
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.execute_script(js_code)
 
    # 截取图片
    img_obj = get_snap(driver)
 
    return img_obj
 
def get_image2(driver):
    time.sleep(0.2)
 
    js_code = '''
    var x = document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="none";
    console.log(x)
    '''
 
    driver.execute_script(js_code)
 
    time.sleep(1)
 
    # 截取图片
    img_obj = get_snap(driver)
 
    return img_obj
 
def get_distance(image1, image2):
    # 初始值
    start = 60
 
    # 滑块色差
    color_num = 60
 
    for x in range(start, image1.size[0]):
        for y in range(image1.size[1]):
 
            rgb1 = image1.load()[x, y]
 
            rgb2 = image2.load()[x, y]
 
            r = abs(rgb1[0] - rgb2[0])
            g = abs(rgb1[1] - rgb2[1])
            b = abs(rgb1[2] - rgb2[2])
 
            if not (r < color_num and g < color_num and b < color_num):
                return x - 7
 
def get_stacks(distance):
    distance += 20
 
    '''
    匀加速\减速运行
        v = v0 + a * t
 
    位移:
    s = v * t + 0.5 * a * (t**2)
    '''
 
    # 初速度
    v0 = 0
 
    # 加减速度列表
    a_list = [3, 4, 5]
 
    # 时间
    t = 0.2
 
    # 初始位置
    s = 0
 
    # 向前滑动轨迹
    forward_stacks = []
 
    mid = distance * 3 / 5
 
    while s < distance:
        if s < mid:
            a = a_list[random.randint(0, 2)]
 
        else:
            a = -a_list[random.randint(0, 2)]
 
        v = v0
 
        stack = v * t + 0.5 * a * (t ** 2)
 
        # 每次拿到的位移
        stack = round(stack)
 
        s += stack
 
        v0 = v + a * t
 
        forward_stacks.append(stack)
 
    back_stacks = [-1, -1, -2, -3, -2, -3, -2, -2, -3, -1]
 
    return {'forward_stacks': forward_stacks, 'back_stacks': back_stacks}
 
def main():
    try:
 
        driver.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin')
        driver.implicitly_wait(5)
 
        # 1.输入用户名与密码,点击登录
        username = driver.find_element_by_id('LoginName')
        password = driver.find_element_by_id('Password')
        login_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('ladda-label')
        time.sleep(1)
        username.send_keys('_tank_')
        time.sleep(1)
        password.send_keys('k46709394.')
 
        # 这里需要等待账号密码输入完毕后再点击登录按钮，否则的不弹框
        time.sleep(1)
        login_button.click()
        # time.sleep(3)
 
        # 2.点击滑动验证按钮,获取图片
        geetest_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_slider_button')
        geetest_button.click()
 
        time.sleep(0.2)
 
        # 3.针对完整的图片进行截取
        image1 = get_image1(driver)
 
        # 4.针对有缺口的图片进行截取
        image2 = get_image2(driver)
 
        # 5.对比两张图片,获取滑动距离
        distance = get_distance(image1, image2)
 
        # 6.模拟人为滑动轨迹
        stacks = get_stacks(distance)
 
        # 7.根据滑动轨迹进行滑动
        forward_stacks = stacks['forward_stacks']
        back_stacks = stacks['back_stacks']
 
        slider_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_slider_button')
        time.sleep(0.2)
 
        ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(slider_button).perform()
 
        time.sleep(0.2)
        for forward_stack in forward_stacks:
            ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=forward_stack, yoffset=0).perform()
            time.sleep(0.1)
        for back_stack in back_stacks:
            ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=back_stack, yoffset=0).perform()
            time.sleep(0.1)
 
        time.sleep(0.2)
 
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=5, yoffset=0).perform()
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=-5, yoffset=0).perform()
 
        ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
 
        time.sleep(50)
 
    finally:
        driver.close()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()