阿里云centos安装oracle

阿里云centos安装oracle

阿里云默认没有swap分区，oracle安装需要

创建swap分区是为了弥补物理内存的不足，也就是虚拟内存的概念，把硬盘的一部分划分作为虚拟内存，但这个空间不是越大越好，硬盘的速度远低于内存，设置不当反而拖慢系统的速度。

阿里云的主机默认没有swap分区，可以使用free命令查看。

使用dd命令创建一个swap分区: dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1048576 (count的值是：size（多少M）* 1024，我这里设置的1G虚拟内存，也就是count=1024000)
格式化swap分区: mkswap /home/swap
把格式化后的文件分区设置为swap分区: swapon /home/swap （关闭SWAP分区命令为：[root@localhost Desktop]#swapoff /home/swap）
swap分区自动挂载:vi /etc/fstab 在文件末尾加上"/home/swap swap swap default 0 0"

安装Oracle所需的依赖包

yum -y install  gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh

创建用户和组

groupadd -g 200 oinstall  #添加oinstall组，组的id为200

groupadd -g 201 dba       #添加dba组，组的id为201

useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle #添加用户oracle,并specified它的id为440.

passwd oracle             #输入oracle用户的密码

id oracle                 #查看用户id和所属组。

关闭SELINUX(阿里云缺省关闭)

vim /etc/selinux/config   #编辑配置文件,关闭SELINUX

setenforce 0              #立即关闭SELINUX

开始安装

使用“su - u oracle”切换到oracle账号下

把下面两个文件上传到CentOS7-64bits服务器的/app/oracle目录下（我比较喜欢把软件安装在/app下）

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

在/app/oracle目录下会出现database目录。

vim /app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

修改db_install.rsp文件

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=可以写本机地址

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en

ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle2018

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

安装Oracle

oracle账号登陆,在/app/oracle/database路径下执行开始安装

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

安装成功之后会出现如下：

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.

 #!/bin/sh

 #Root scripts to run

/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

 1. Open a terminal window

 2. Log in as "root"

 3. Run the scripts

 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

按照提示以root身份登录CentOS7系统执行如下命令

/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

以oracle身份登录CentOS7系统，设置环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

使用下面命令使环境变量生效:source ~/.bash_profile

为了使sqlplus能够访问远程oracle数据库，不但要配置“TNS_ADMIN”环境变量，还需要环境变量指向的地址（我这里是/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/）中放入tnsnames.ora文件

下面是我tnsnames.ora的内容，其中orcl是数据库名字。

localoracle =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

建库

确认并修改/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp，其中修改的都是CREATEDATABASE操作的内容，其他的不动。

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "orcl"

SID = "orcl"

CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"

用oracle账号调用下面的命令

dbca -silent -responseFile /app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

#执行结束后需要输入2次oracle设置的密码

验证Oracle安装是否成功：

su - u oracle

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

select * from tabs;

如果成功运行，表示oracle已经启来，否则需要运行“startup”命令启动oracle.

添加listener.ora文件

位置：/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

文件内容

# copyright (c) 1997 by the Oracle Corporation

#

# NAME

#   listener.ora

# FUNCTION

#   Network Listener startup parameter file example

# NOTES

#   This file contains all the parameters for listener.ora,

#   and could be used to configure the listener by uncommenting

#   and changing values.  Multiple listeners can be configured

#   in one listener.ora, so listener.ora parameters take the form

#   of SID_LIST_<lsnr>, where <lsnr> is the name of the listener

#   this parameter refers to.  All parameters and values are

#   case-insensitive.

# <lsnr>

#   This parameter specifies both the name of the listener, and

#   it listening address(es). Other parameters for this listener

#   us this name in place of <lsnr>.  When not specified,

#   the name for <lsnr> defaults to "LISTENER", with the default

#   address value as shown below.

#

# LISTENER =

#  (ADDRESS_LIST=

#	(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))

#	(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY)))

LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=

      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))

  )

)

# SID_LIST_<lsnr>

#   List of services the listener knows about and can connect

#   clients to.  There is no default.  See the Net8 Administrator's

#   Guide for more information.

#

# SID_LIST_LISTENER=

#   (SID_LIST=

#	(SID_DESC=

#			#BEQUEATH CONFIG

#          (GLOBAL_DBNAME=salesdb.mycompany)

#          (SID_NAME=sid1)

#          (ORACLE_HOME=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3)

#			#PRESPAWN CONFIG

#         (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)

#	  (PRESPAWN_LIST=

#           (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))

#         )

#        )

#       )

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

  (SID_LIST=

      (SID_DESC=

         (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)

         (SID_NAME=orcl)

         (ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

        (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)

        (PRESPAWN_LIST=

          (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))

        )

       )

      )

# PASSWORDS_<lsnr>

#   Specifies a password to authenticate stopping the listener.

#   Both encrypted and plain-text values can be set.  Encrypted passwords

#   can be set and stored using lsnrctl.

#     LSNRCTL> change_password

#       Will prompt for old and new passwords, and use encryption both

#       to match the old password and to set the new one.

#     LSNRCTL> set password

#	Will prompt for the new password, for authentication with

#       the listener. The password must be set before running the next

#       command.

#     LSNRCTL> save_config

#       Will save the changed password to listener.ora. These last two

#       steps are not necessary if SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> is ON.

#       See below.

#

# Default: NONE

#

# PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 20A22647832FB454      # "foobar"

# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr>

#   Tells the listener to save configuration changes to listener.ora when

#   it shuts down.  Changed parameter values will be written to the file,

#   while preserving formatting and comments.

# Default: OFF

# Values: ON/OFF

#

# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_LISTENER = ON

# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_<lsnr>

#   Tells the listener to contact an Onames server and register itself

#   and its services with Onames.

# Values: ON/OFF

# Default: OFF

#

# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_LISTENER = ON

# LOG_FILE_<lsnr>

#   Sets the name of the listener's log file.  The .log extension

#   is added automatically.

# Default=<lsnr>

#

# LOG_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr

# LOG_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>

#   Sets the directory for the listener's log file.

# Default: <oracle_home>/network/log

#

# LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER = /private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/log

# TRACE_LEVEL_<lsnr>

#   Specifies desired tracing level.

# Default: OFF

# Values: OFF/USER/ADMIN/SUPPORT/0-16

#

# TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = SUPPORT

# TRACE_FILE_<lsnr>

#   Sets the name of the listener's trace file. The .trc extension

#   is added automatically.

# Default: <lsnr>

#

# TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr

# TRACE_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>

#   Sets the directory for the listener's trace file.

# Default: <oracle_home>/network/trace

#

# TRACE_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/trace

# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_<lsnr>

#   Sets the number of seconds that the listener waits to get a

#   valid database query after it has been started.

# Default: 10

#

# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=10

使用lsnrctl start命令启动侦听器