《C++编程思想》（第二版）第3章 C++中的C（笔记、习题及答案）(二)

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<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

void stringRef(string& s)

{

    s += " come blow";

}

void stringPtr(string* p)

{

    p->append(" your horn");

}

int main()

{

    string s = "Little Boy Blue";

    stringRef(s);

    stringPtr(&s);

    cout << s << endl;

}</span></span>

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

    unsigned int n;

    if (argc != 2 || (n = atoi(argv[1])) <= 0)

	{

        return 1;

	}

    cout << ~(n ^ 0xf0f0) << '\n';

    return 0;

}</span></span>

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<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void func()

{

	int i = 0;

	cout<<"i = "<<++i<<endl;

}

int main()

{

	for(int x = 0;x < 10;x++)

	{

		func();

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

此时输出皆为1，由于函数中定义的局部变量在函数作用域结束时消失。当再次调用这个函数时。会又一次创建该变量的存储空间，其值会被又一次初始化。

所以去掉static会使得其变为局部变量，每次调用都又一次初始化。输出都为1。

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虽然在FileStatic.cpp中fs声明为extern，可是连接器不会找到它，由于在FileStatic.cpp中它被声明为static。

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<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

	double i,j;

	const double EPSILON = 1e-6;

	cout<<"Enter an integer:";

	cin>>i;

	cout<<"Enter another integer:";

	cin>>j;

	cout<<"i<j is"<<" "<<(i-j<EPSILON)<<endl;

	cout<<"i>=j is"<<" "<<(i-j>=EPSILON)<<endl;

	cout<<"i<=j is"<<" "<<(i-j<=EPSILON)<<endl;

	cout<<"i==j is"<<" "<<(i==j)<<endl;

	cout<<"i!=j is"<<" "<<(i!=j)<<endl;

	cout<<"i&&j is"<<" "<<(i&&j)<<endl;

	cout<<"i||j is"<<" "<<(i||j)<<endl;

	cout<<"(i<10)&&(j<10) is"<<" "<<((i-10<EPSILON)&&(j-10<EPSILON))<<endl;

	return 0;

}</span>

因为编译器不兼容，将显示运算符列举例如以下：

keyword	含义
and	&&（逻辑与）
or	\|\|（逻辑或）
not	！（逻辑非）
not_eq	!=（逻辑不等）
bitand	&（位与）
and_eq	&=（位与-赋值）
bitor	\|（位或）
or_eq	\|=（位或-赋值）
xor	^（位异或）
xor_eq	^=（位异或-赋值）
compl	~（补）

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void printBinary(const unsigned char val);

unsigned char rol(unsigned char val);

unsigned char ror(unsigned char val);

#define PL(STR,EXPR) \

	cout<<STR; printBinary(EXPR);rol(EXPR); cout<<endl;

#define PR(STR,EXPR) \

	cout<<STR; printBinary(EXPR);ror(EXPR); cout<<endl;

int main()

{

	unsigned int getval;

	unsigned char a,b;

	cout<<"Enter a number :"<<endl;

	cin>>getval;

	a = getval;

	PL("a in binary:",a);

	cout<<"Enter a number :"<<endl;

	cin>>getval;

	b = getval;

	PR("b in binary:",b);

	PR("a | b = ",a|b);

	PR("a & b = ",a&b);

	PR("a ^ b = ",a^b);

	PR("~a = ",~a);

	PR("~b = ",~b);

	unsigned char c = 0x5A;

	PR("c in binary: ",c);

	a |= c;

	PR("a |= c ;a =  ",a);

	b &= c;

	PR("b &= c ;b =  ",b);

	b ^= a;

	PR("b ^= a ;b =  ",b);

	return 0;

}

void printBinary(const unsigned char val)

{

	for(int i = 7;i >= 0;--i)

	{

		if(val & (1<<i))

		{

			cout<<"1";

		}

		else

		{

			cout<<"0";

		}

	}

}

unsigned char rol(unsigned char val)

{

	int highbit;

	if(val & 0x80)

	{

		highbit = 1;

	}

	else

	{

		highbit = 0;

	}

	val<<=1;

	val |= highbit;

	return val;

}

unsigned char ror(unsigned char val)

{

	int lowbit;

	if(val & 1)

	{

		lowbit = 1;

	}

	else

	{

		lowbit = 0;

	}

	val>>=1;

	val |= (lowbit<<7);

	return val;

}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

	int i;

	cout<<"type a number and 'Enter'"<<endl;

	cin>>i;

	cout<<((i>5)?"It's greater than 5":((i<5)?"It's less than 5"

		:"It's equal to 5"))<<endl;;

	cout<<"type a number and 'Enter'"<<endl;

	cin>>i;

	cout<<((i<10)?((i>5)?"5<i<10":"i<=5"):"i>=10")<<endl;;

	return 0;

}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

typedef struct

{

    string last;

    string first;

    int age;

} Person;

int main()

{

    using namespace std;

    Person p;

    p.last = "Einstein";

    p.first = "Albert";

    p.age = 122;

    cout << p.last << ',' << p.first << ',' << p.age << endl;

    Person* pptr = &p;

    pptr->last = "Alger";

    pptr->first = "Horatio";

    pptr->age = 167;

    cout << pptr->last << ',' << pptr->first << ',' << pptr->age

         << endl;

}</span></span>

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<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

enum color

{

    BLACK,

    RED,

    GREEN,

    BLUE,

    WHITE

};

int main()

{

    for (int hue = BLACK; hue <= WHITE; ++hue)

	{

        cout << hue << ' ';

	}

	cout<<endl;

	return 0;

}</span></span>

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<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

union Packed

{

	char i;

	short j;

	int k;

	long l;

	float f;

	double d;

};

int main()

{

	cout<<"sizeof(Packed) = "

		<<sizeof(Packed)<<endl;

	Packed x;

	x.i = 'c';

	cout<<x.i<<endl;

	x.d = 3.14159;

	cout<<x.d<<endl;

	cout<<x.i<<endl;

	return 0;

}</span>

输出结果：

将double d删除后输出结果：

从中可得到union开辟空间大小取决于元素最大值，对其一个元素赋值。其余值会输出没用的信息。

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void print(char* name, int* array, int size)

{

	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)

		cout << name << "[" << i << "] ("

		<< (long)(&array[i]) << ") = "

		<< array[i] << endl;

}

// A preprocessor macro to simplify the printing

// of all the data in main():

#define PRT(A, B, C, D) \

	print(#A, A, sizeof A / sizeof *A); \

	print(#B, B, sizeof B / sizeof *B); \

	cout << #C " (" << (long)(&C) << ") = " \

	<< C << endl; \

print(#D, D, sizeof D / sizeof *D);

int main()

{

	int a[] = { 1, 2, 3 };

	int b[] = { 4, 5, 6 };

	char c = 'x';

	int d[] = { 7, 8, 9 };

	PRT(a, b, c, d);

	cout << "Index off the end of a:\n";

	a[3] = 47;

	PRT(a, b, c, d);

	cout << "Index off the end of b:\n";

	b[3] = 27;

	PRT(a, b, c, d);

	cout << "Abuse c with pointers and casts:\n";

	*((double*)&c) = 99.99;

	PRT(a, b, c, d);

	return 0;

}</span></span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

	int a[10];

	cout<<"sizeof(int) = "<<sizeof(int)<<endl;

	for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		cout<<"&a["<<i<<"]="<<(long)&a[i]<<endl;

	}

	char b[10];

	cout<<"sizeof(char) = "<<sizeof(char)<<endl;

	for(i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		cout<<"&b["<<i<<"]="<<(long)&b[i]<<endl;

	}

	float c[10];

	cout<<"sizeof(float) = "<<sizeof(float)<<endl;

	for(i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		cout<<"&c["<<i<<"]="<<(long)&c[i]<<endl;

	}

	double d[10];

	cout<<"sizeof(double) = "<<sizeof(double)<<endl;

	for(i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		cout<<"&d["<<i<<"]="<<(long)&d[i]<<endl;

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

也能够使用模板。

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

typedef struct

{

	int i,j,k;

}ThreeDpoint;

int main()

{

	ThreeDpoint p[10];

	cout<<"sizeof(ThreeDpoint) = "<<sizeof(ThreeDpoint)<<endl;

	for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		cout<<"&p["<<i<<"]="<<(long)&p[i]<<endl;

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

    string stringArray[] = {"one", "small", "step",

                            "for", "man"};

    const int nStrings = sizeof(stringArray)/sizeof(stringArray[0]);

    for (int i = 0; i < nStrings; ++i)

	{

        cout << stringArray[i] << endl;

	}

	return 0;

}</span></span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

	for(int  i = 1;i < argc;i++)

	{

		cout<<atol(argv[i])<<endl;

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

	for(int  i = 1;i < argc;i++)

	{

		cout<<atof(argv[i])<<endl;

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

typedef union

{

	char c;

	short s;

	int i;

	long l;

	float f;

	double d;

	long double ld;

} Primitives;

int main()

{

	Primitives p[10];

	Primitives* pp = p;

	cout << "sizeof(Primitives) = "

		<< sizeof(Primitives) << endl;

	cout << "pp = " << (long)pp << endl;

	pp++;

	cout << "pp = " << (long)pp << endl;

	cout << "sizeof long double = " << sizeof(long double) << endl;

} </span></span>

long:

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define P(EX) cout<<#EX<<":"<<EX<<endl;

int main()

{

	long a[10];

	for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		a[i] = i;

	}

	long* ip = a;

	P(*ip);

	P(*++ip);

	P(*(ip+5));

	long* ip2 = ip+5;

	P(*ip2);

	P(*(ip2-4));

	P(*--ip2);

	P(ip2-ip);

	return 0;

}</span>

执行结果例如以下：

long double:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define P(EX) cout<<#EX<<":"<<EX<<endl;

int main()

{

	long double a[10];

	for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++)

	{

		a[i] = i;

	}

	long double* ip = a;

	P(*ip);

	P(*++ip);

	P(*(ip+5));

	long double* ip2 = ip+5;

	P(*ip2);

	P(*(ip2-4));

	P(*--ip2);

	P(ip2-ip);

	return 0;

}

执行结果例如以下：

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发现结果同样。

方法一：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void printBinary(unsigned char);

int main()

{

    float x = 128.0;

    unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&x);

    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(float); ++i)

	{

        printBinary(p[i]);

	}

    cout << endl;

	return 0;

}</span></span>

方法二：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <cstddef> // For size_t

using namespace std;

void printBinary(unsigned char);

void printBytes(const void *p, size_t n)

{

    const unsigned char* pByte =

        reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)

	{

        printBinary(pByte[i]);

	}

    cout << endl;

}

int main()

{

    float x = 128.0;

    printBytes(&x, sizeof x);

	return 0;

}</span></span>

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此处有问题，仅供參考

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void func(void* p, int number, int val)

{

	int* s = (int *)p;

	static int i = 0;

	if(i<number)

	{

		s[i] = val;

	}

}

int main()

{

	int a[10];

	int i;

	i = static_cast<int>(a[0]);

	void *ip = &i;

	for(int j = 0;j < sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);++j)

	{

		func(ip,sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]),a[i]);

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

仅供參考

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

	const double i[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0};

	double* j[10] = {0};

	for(int m = 0;m < 10;++m)

	{

		j[m] = const_cast<double*>(&i[m]);

	}

	volatile double k[10] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};

	double* u[10] = {0};

	for(m = 0;m < 10;++m)

	{

		u[m] = const_cast<double*>(&k[m]);

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

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仅供參考

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void fun(double *s, int size)

{

	for(int i = 0;i < size;++i)

	{

		cout<<s[i]<<" ";

	}

	cout<<endl;

}

int main()

{

	double d[10] = {0};

	fun(d,sizeof(d)/sizeof(d[0]));

	unsigned char* df = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&d[0]);

	for(int i = 0;i < sizeof(d)/sizeof(d[0]);++i)

	{

		df[i] = 1;

	}

	fun((double*)df,sizeof(df)/sizeof(df[0]));

	return 0;

}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

#include <climits>

using namespace std;

void ieeePrint(float x)

{

    unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&x);

    int bitno = 0;

    for (int i = sizeof(float)-1; i >= 0; --i)

	{

        for (int j = CHAR_BIT-1; j >= 0; --j, ++bitno)

		{

            cout << !!(p[i] & (1 << j));

            if (bitno == 0 || bitno == 8)  // IEEE boundaries

			{

                cout << ' ';

			}

        }

    }

    cout << endl;

}

int main()

{

    ieeePrint(2.0);

    ieeePrint(6.5);

    ieeePrint(-6.5);

	return 0;

}</span></span>

仅供參考

CPP = mycompiler

.SUFFIXES: .exe .cpp

.cpp .exe:

$(CPP) $<

YourPets1.exe:

YourPets2.exe:

仅供參考

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define P(A) cout<< #A <<": "<< (A) <<endl;

#ifdef P(A)

int main()

{

	int a = 1,b = 2,c = 3;

	P(a);P(b);P(c);

	P(a+b);

	P((c-a)/b);

	return 0;

}

#endif</span>

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<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

int round(double x)

{

    // round to nearest int:

    return static_cast<int>(x + 0.5);

}

int main()

{

    using namespace std;

    int (*fp)(double) = round;

    cout << fp(2.5) << endl;   // 3

	return 0;

}</span></span>

float (*(*fp1)(int))(char);

FunctionTable.cpp源程序

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define DF(N) void N(){\

cout<<"function" #N "called..."<<endl;}

DF(a);DF(b);DF(c);DF(d);DF(e);DF(f);DF(g);

void (*func_table[])() = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g};

int main()

{

	while(1)

	{

		cout<<"press a key from 'a' to 'g'"

			"or q to quit"<<endl;

		char c,cr;

		cin.get(c);

		cin.get(cr);

		if(c == 'q')

		{

			break;

		}

		if(c < 'a' || c > 'g')

		{

			continue;

		}

		(*func_table[c - 'a'])();

	}

	return 0;

}</span>

此处有问题，希望大家解答。

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;">#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

  int num1, num2, product, startDigit[4],

    productDigit[4], count = 0, vampCount = 0,

    x, y;

  for(num1 = 10; num1 <= 99; num1++)

  {

    for(num2 = 10; num2 <= 99; num2++)

	{

      product = num1 * num2;

      startDigit[0] = num1 / 10;

      startDigit[1] = num1 % 10;

      startDigit[2] = num2 / 10;

      startDigit[3] = num2 % 10;

      productDigit[0] = product / 1000;

      productDigit[1] = (product % 1000) / 100;

      productDigit[2] = product % 1000 % 100/10;

      productDigit[3] = product % 1000 % 100%10;

      count = 0;

      for(x = 0; x < 4; x++)

	  {

        for(y = 0; y < 4; y++)

		{

          if (productDigit[x] == startDigit[y])

		  {

            count++;

            productDigit[x] = -1;

            startDigit[y] = -2;

            if (count == 4)

			{

              vampCount++;

              if (vampCount < 10)

			  {

                cout << "Vampire number  "

                  << vampCount << " is "

                  << product << "  " << num1

                  << num2 << endl;

			  }

              else

			  {

                cout << "Vampire number "

                  << vampCount << " is "

                  << product << "  " << num1

                  << num2 << endl;

			  }

            }

          }

        }

      }

    }

  }

  return 0;

}</span></span>

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