TJI读书笔记13-内部类

TJI读书笔记13-内部类

• TJI读书笔记13-内部类
  • 创建内部类
  • 内部类和外部类的关系
  • .this和.new
  • 内部类和向上转型
  • 局部内部类
  • 匿名内部类
    • 匿名内部类的定义和初始化
    • 使用匿名内部类来实现工厂模式
  • 嵌套类
  • 内部类的继承
  • 覆盖内部类
  • 局部内部类和匿名内部类的区别

我最恶心的两部分内容,一个叫lambda表达式,一个叫内部类. 智商有限,一直理解不了…

简单来说,将一个类的定义放在另一个类的内部就是内部类. 内部类的好处在于,将一些逻辑上相关的类组织在一起,并控制位于内部的类的可视性.内部类可以了解外围类,并与之通信. 但是内部类和组合是两个概念,比如将人的大腿定义在人这个类的内部,这就是一个比较合理的设定.如果通过组合,也可以实现,但是总是有那么一丢丢别扭的. 因为大腿脱离了人,几乎就没用任何意义了.

创建内部类

来吧,一码解千愁

1.public class Parcel1 {
2.    //a inner class
3.    class Contents{
4.        private int i = 11;
5.        public int value(){
6.            return i;
7.        }       
8.    }
9.
10.    //a inner class
11.    class Destination{
12.        private String label;
13.        public Destination(String whereTo) {
14.            label=whereTo;
15.        }
16.        String readLabel(){
17.            return label;
18.        }
19.    }
20.
21.    public void ship(String dest){
22.        Contents c = new Contents();
23.        Destination d = new Destination(dest);
24.        System.out.println(c.value());
25.        System.out.println(d.readLabel());
26.    }
27.    public static void main(String[] args) {
28.        Parcel1 p = new Parcel1();
29.        p.ship("USA");
30.
31.    }
32.}

这是一个非常简单的应用,就像使用其他普通的类一样去使用内部类.更典型的情况,在外部类中提供一个方法返回一个指向内部类实例的引用.

1.public class Parcel2 {
2.    class Contents {
3.        private int i = 11;
4.
5.        public int value() {
6.            return i;
7.        }
8.    }
9.
10.    class Destination {
11.        private String label;
12.
13.        public Destination(String whereTo) {
14.            label = whereTo;
15.        }
16.
17.        String readLabel() {
18.            return label;
19.        }
20.    }
21.
22.    public Destination to(String s) {
23.        return new Destination(s);
24.    }
25.
26.    public Contents contents() {
27.        return new Contents();
28.    }
29.
30.    public void ship(String dest) {
31.        Contents c = this.contents();
32.        Destination d = this.to(dest);
33.        System.out.println(d.readLabel());
34.    }
35.
36.    public static void main(String[] args) {
37.        Parcel2 p1 = new Parcel2();
38.        p1.ship("USA");
39.
40.        // define reference to inner classes
41.        Parcel2 p2 = new Parcel2();
42.        Parcel2.Contents c = p2.contents();
43.        Parcel2.Destination d = p2.to("UK");
44.        System.out.println(c.value());
45.        System.out.println(d.readLabel());
46.    }
47.}

注意,22行,26行定义了两个方法用来返回内部类的实例. 通过这种方式可以更好的做校验逻辑. 另外,还有42-43行,在外部类的非静态方法之外的地方创建内部类实例的时候,需要用OuterClassName.InnerClassName的方式具体指明对象的类型.

突然想到一个问题,内部类在加载过程中是个什么样子的?

内部类和外部类的关系

从前面一小节,我们可以得知内部类的一个作用:对外隐藏名称空间和组织代码. 这一节唠唠一个更重要的特性,内部类可以无条件的访问外部嵌套类的所有成员.内部类的可视范围是它的直接外嵌类,也就是说内部类其实是拥有两个this指针,一个指向它自己的实例本身,另外一个指向外嵌类的实例.

1.interface Selector {
2.    //check if the sequence cursor goto end. 
3.    boolean end();
4.    //return the object where the current cursor pointed
5.    Object current();
6.    //move the cursor to next element 
7.    void next();
8.}
9.
10.public class Sequence {
11.    private Object[] items;
12.    private int next = 0;
13.    public Sequence(int size){
14.        items = new Object[size];
15.    }
16.    public void add(Object x){
17.        if(next<items.length){
18.            items[next++] = x;
19.        }
20.    }
21.    private class SequenceSelector implements Selector{
22.        private int i =0;
23.        public boolean end(){
24.            return i == items.length;
25.        }
26.        public Object current(){
27.            return items[i];
28.        }
29.        public void next(){
30.            if(i<items.length) i++;
31.        }
32.    }
33.
34.    public Selector selector(){
35.        return new SequenceSelector();
36.    }
37.    public static void main(String[] args) {
38.        Sequence sequence = new Sequence(10);
39.        for(int i =0;i<10;i++){
40.            sequence.add(Integer.toString(i));
41.        }
42.        Selector selector = sequence.selector();
43.        while(!selector.end()){
44.            System.out.print(selector.current()+" ");
45.            selector.next();
46.        }
47.    }
48.}

这是一个典型的迭代器原型,注意,24,27,30行均访问了外嵌类的成员 items. 这个是可以的. 说明内部类可以访问外嵌类成员.可以说内部类使用外嵌类的成员时,就像访问它自己的成员一样. 也就是说内部类 自动拥有其外嵌类所有成员的访问权,这是怎么做到的呢?埃大爷说,当外嵌类实例创建内部类实例的时候,此内部类对象必定会捕获一个指向外嵌类对象的引用. 当我们访问外嵌类的成员的时候,就是使用那个引用来选择外嵌类的成员. 这一切都是隐式完成的,我们不需要操心. 其实也就是开头的时候说的,内部类会拥有两个this指针.

还有一个地方需要注意,第21行,内部类使用的private修饰符. 这个表示在外嵌类之外,内部类不可见. 也就是说内部类是可以使用private修饰的. 但是不要忘了,普通的类是不可以使用private修饰.

.this和.new

.this

如果需要在内部类中获取外嵌类的引用,可以使用OuterClassName.this的方式来获取.

1.public class DotThis {
2.    void f(){
3.        System.out.println("DoThis.f()");
4.    }
5.    public class Inner{
6.        public DotThis outer(){
7.            return DotThis.this;
8.        }
9.    }
10.    public Inner inner(){
11.        return new Inner();
12.    }
13.    public static void main(String[] args) {
14.        DotThis dt = new DotThis();
15.        DotThis.Inner dti = dt.inner();
16.        dti.outer().f();
17.
18.        System.out.println(dt==dti.outer());
19.    }
20.}/*output:
21.DoThis.f()
22.true
23.*/

第7行展示了这种方式的用法. 而且从结果中也可以看到,拿到的就是外嵌类实例的引用.

.new
如果想在外嵌类中直接创建某个内部类对象. 还是使用new表达式.但是有点小区别.

1.public class DotNew {
2.    public class Inner{
3.        String str = "I am a inner class";
4.        public String getStr(){
5.            return str;
6.        }
7.    }
8.    public static void main(String[] args) {
9.        DotNew dn = new DotNew();
10.        DotNew.Inner dni = dn.new Inner();
11.        System.out.println(dni.getStr());
12.    }
13.}

正常创建一个类实例的时候是ClassName instanceName = new ClassConstructor(). 创建内部类实例的时候其实也是这个样子. 只不过要知道如何找到确切的类名和构造器.第10行展示了如何直接创建内部类实例.

内部类和向上转型

之前说内部类可以很好的隐藏名称空间和代码组织. 但是之前的做法不够地道. 这里给出一个更地道的实现.

1.class Parcel4{
2.    private class PContents implements Contents{
3.        private int i = 11;
4.        @Override
5.        public int value() {
6.            return i;
7.        }
8.    }
9.    private class PDestination implements Destination{
10.        private String label;
11.        public  PDestination(String whereTo) {
12.            label=whereTo;
13.        }
14.        @Override
15.        public String readLabel() {
16.            return label;
17.        }
18.    }
19.    public Destination destination(String dest){
20.        return new PDestination(dest);
21.    }
22.    public Contents content(){
23.        return new PContents();
24.    }
25.}
26.public class TestParcel4 {
27.
28.    public static void main(String[] args) {
29.        Parcel4 p = new Parcel4();
30.        Contents c = p.content();
31.        Destination d = p.destination("USA");
32.        System.out.println(c.value());
33.        System.out.println(d.readLabel());
34.        //can not access Parcel4's private member
35.        //Parcel4.PContents pc = p.new PContents();
36.    }
37.}

这里把内部类声明为private,然后给出两个public的方法来获取内部类. 但是,这个public的方法返回的是其接口类型.(也就是做了个向上转型) 这时实现某个接口的内部类对外是完全不可见的,甚至不知道其具体的类型. 这种隐藏就更彻底了. private的内部类给类的设计者提供了一种更强大的隐藏方式. 完全隐藏实现细节,甚至可以完全阻止任何依赖于类型的编码. 需要注意的一点是,这种方式,内部类做了向上转型,所以内部类中实现的扩展的接口是没有意义的.

局部内部类

前面所说的内部类都是以类似成员变量的方式定义的. 也就是直接定义在外嵌类的里面. 内部类还可以定义在方法内或者任意的作用域内,也就是传说中的局部内部类. (最蛋疼的一种内部类,没有之一)

1.public class Parcel5 {
2.    public Destination destination(String s){
3.        class PDestination implements Destination{
4.            String label;
5.            private PDestination(String whereTo) {
6.                label = whereTo;
7.            }
8.            @Override
9.            public String readLabel() {
10.                return label;
11.            }
12.        }
13.        return new PDestination(s);
14.    }
15.    public static void main(String[] args) {
16.        Parcel5 p = new Parcel5();
17.        Destination d = p.destination("USA");
18.        System.out.println(d.readLabel());
19.    }
20.}

在任意的作用于内嵌入内部类

1.public class Parcel6 {
2.      private void internalTracking(boolean b) {
3.        if(b) {
4.          class TrackingSlip {
5.            private String id;
6.            TrackingSlip(String s) {
7.              id = s;
8.            }
9.            String getSlip() { return id; }
10.          }
11.          TrackingSlip ts = new TrackingSlip("slip");
12.          String s = ts.getSlip();
13.        }
14.        // Can't use it here! Out of scope:
15.        //! TrackingSlip ts = new TrackingSlip("x");
16.      } 
17.      public void track() { internalTracking(true); }
18.      public static void main(String[] args) {
19.        Parcel6 p = new Parcel6();
20.        p.track();
21.      }
22.    } ///:~

这一节是最头疼的一节,看上去很好理解有不知道哪里会用到它. 埃大爷说了,定义这种内部类有两个理由:

1. 实现了某个类型的接口,于是可以创建并返回对其的引用(啥意思没看懂…)
2. 需要解决一个复杂的问题,想创建一个类来辅助解决,但是又不希望这个类是公共可用的. (那这个问题得多复杂,既然复杂度那么高,是不是可以再拆分一下问题模型呢…)

匿名内部类

局部内部类貌似使用的不是很多,而且很多时候是可以被匿名内部类代替的.

匿名内部类的定义和初始化

按照之前的设定,想使用一个内部类是这样写的.

1.public class Parcel7b {
2.
3.    class MyContents implements Contents {
4.        private int i = 11;
5.        public int value() {
6.            return i;
7.        }
8.    }
9.    public Contents contents(){
10.        return new MyContents();
11.    }
12.    public static void main(String[] args) {
13.        Parcel7b p = new Parcel7b();
14.        Contents c = p.contents();
15.        System.out.println(c.value());
16.    }
17.
18.}

我们的主要目的是使用contents方法来拿到一个关于实现了Contents接口的内部类的实例的引用. java对于这种场景给出了一种新的语法,让我们可以通过更少的代码实现这一功能. 像下面这样.

1.public class Parcel7 {
2.    public Contents contents(){
3.
4.        //anonymous innner class
5.        return new Contents() {
6.            int i = 11;
7.            @Override
8.            public int value() {
9.                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
10.                return i;
11.            }
12.        };
13.    }
14.
15.    public static void main(String[] args) {
16.        Parcel7 p = new Parcel7();
17.        Contents c = p.contents();
18.        System.out.println(c.value());
19.    }
20.}

当然也可以使用带参数的构造器. 这时候直接使用基类的构造器就可以了.

1.public class Parcel8 {
2.      public Wrapping wrapping(int x) {
3.        // Base constructor call:
4.        return new Wrapping(x) { // Pass constructor argument.
5.          public int value() {
6.            return super.value() * 47;
7.          }
8.        }; // Semicolon required
9.      }
10.      public static void main(String[] args) {
11.        Parcel8 p = new Parcel8();
12.        Wrapping w = p.wrapping(10);
13.      }
14.    } ///:~
15.//=======================================================================
16.public class Wrapping {
17.      private int i;
18.      public Wrapping(int x) { i = x; }
19.      public int value() { return i; }
20.    } ///:~

在匿名类中初始化参数

1.
2.public class Parcel9 {
3.    private int i =10;
4.    public Destination destination(String dest){
5.    //public Destination destination(final String dest){
6.        return new Destination() {
7.            private String label = dest;
8.            int j =i;
9.            @Override
10.            public String readLabel() {
11.                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
12.                System.out.println(j);
13.                return label;
14.            }
15.        };
16.    }
17.    public static void main(String[] args) {
18.        Parcel9 p = new Parcel9();
19.        Destination d = p.destination("USA");
20.
21.        System.out.println(d.readLabel());
22.    }
23.}

匿名内部类还是一个内部类,内部类的特性它还是有的,比如可以无条件的访问外嵌类的成员. 但是要求形参引用类型必须是final,但是我试了一下,1.6版本中还有这个限制,在1.8中没有这个限制了. 这种方法简单的给一个字段赋值是可以的,但是如果想要完成一些构造器的行为,怎么办呢?

首先匿名内部类中是不可能有命名构造器的. 但是通过使用实例初始化器可以达到类似的效果.

1.abstract class Base{
2.    public Base(int i){
3.        System.out.println("Base constructor, i= "+i);
4.    }
5.    public abstract void f();
6.}
7.
8.public class AnonymousConstructor {
9.    public static Base getBase(int i){
10.        return new Base(i){
11.            {System.out.println("inside instance initializer");}
12.            public void f(){
13.                System.out.println("in anonymous f()");
14.            }
15.        };
16.    }
17.    public static void main(String[] args) {
18.        Base base = AnonymousConstructor.getBase(47);
19.        base.f();
20.    }
21.}

再比如:

1.public class Parcel10 {
2.    public Destination destination(String dest,float price){
3.        return new Destination() {
4.            private float cost;
5.            {
6.                cost = Math.round(price);
7.                if(cost>100){
8.                    System.out.println("over budget");
9.                }
10.
11.            }
12.            private String label = dest;
13.            @Override
14.            public String readLabel() {
15.                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
16.                return label;
17.            }
18.        };
19.    }
20.    public static void main(String[] args) {
21.        Parcel10 p = new Parcel10();
22.        p.destination("USA", 101.123f);
23.    }
24.}

上面代码5-9行是一个实例初始化器,它的作用在匿名内部类中就相当于一个构造器. 但是匿名内部类中是有限制的,比如,构造器不能重载,而且只能继承一个类,或者实现一个接口,并不能两者兼备.

使用匿名内部类来实现工厂模式

1.interface Service {
2.    void method1();
3.
4.    void method2();
5.}
6.
7.interface ServiceFactory {
8.    Service getService();
9.}
10.
11.class Implementation1 implements Service {
12.    private Implementation1() {
13.    }
14.
15.    @Override
16.    public void method1() {
17.        System.out.println("I1m1");
18.    }
19.
20.    @Override
21.    public void method2() {
22.        System.out.println("I1m2");
23.    }
24.
25.    public static ServiceFactory factory() {
26.        return new ServiceFactory() {
27.            @Override
28.            public Service getService() {
29.                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
30.                return new Implementation1();
31.            }
32.        };
33.    }
34.
35.}
36.
37.class Implementation2 implements Service {
38.    private Implementation2() {
39.    }
40.
41.    @Override
42.    public void method1() {
43.        System.out.println("I2m1");
44.    }
45.
46.    @Override
47.    public void method2() {
48.        System.out.println("I2m2");
49.    }
50.
51.    public static ServiceFactory factory() {
52.        return new ServiceFactory() {
53.            @Override
54.            public Service getService() {
55.                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
56.                return new Implementation2();
57.            }
58.        };
59.    }
60.
61.}
62.
63.public class Factories {
64.    public static void serviceConsumer(ServiceFactory fact) {
65.        Service s = fact.getService();
66.        s.method1();
67.        s.method2();
68.    }
69.    public static void main(String[] args) {
70.        serviceConsumer(Implementation1.factory());
71.        serviceConsumer(Implementation2.factory());
72.    }
73.}

上一章中说到了工厂模式,那个时候还需要创建一个Implementation1Factory的类,有了匿名内部类之后,这个就不需要创建了. 像25行,51行使用了匿名内部类.

嵌套类

如果不需要内部类对象与外围类对象之间有联系,那可以将内部类对象声明为static. 这样就有了嵌套类,也叫静态内部类. 非static修饰的内部类都会保有外嵌类的this指针. 但是嵌套内部类没有这个指针. 所以一个内嵌类看上去有点类似一个static方法. 埃大爷说:

1. 要创建嵌套类的对象,不需要其外围类的对象.
2. 不能从嵌套类对象中访问非静态的外围类的对象.

嵌套类与普通内部类还有一个区别,也是之前没有说道的一个限制. 普通的内部类中不能含有static成员.也就是所有static成员必须放在外嵌类中生命. 但是嵌套类中是可以声明static成员的.

1.public class Parcel11 {
2.    //nested classes
3.    private static class ParcelContents implements Contents{
4.        private int i =11;
5.        @Override
6.        public int value() {
7.            return i;
8.        }
9.    }
10.
11.    protected static class ParcelDestination implements Destination{
12.        String label;
13.        private  ParcelDestination(String whereTo) {
14.            label = whereTo;
15.        }
16.        @Override
17.        public String readLabel() {
18.
19.            return label;
20.        }   
21.        public static void f(){
22.            System.out.println("f()");
23.        }
24.        //we can define static members in a nested class
25.        static int x =10;
26.        static class AnotherLevel{
27.            public static void f(){
28.                System.out.println("f()");
29.            }
30.            static int x =10;
31.        }
32.    }
33.    public static Destination destination(String s){
34.        return new ParcelDestination(s);
35.    }
36.    public static Contents contents(){
37.        return new ParcelContents();
38.    }
39.
40.    public static void main(String[] args) {
41.        Contents c = contents();
42.        Destination d = destination("USA");
43.    }
44.}

嵌套类大概就是这个样子,注意!!!

• main方法中并没有创建外嵌类的实例,但是依旧可以创建内嵌类的实例.
• 25,26行,在一个内嵌类的内部创建了static成员.

接口内部的类
我们来做一个不严谨的推导,所有类都可以创建内部类–>java支持内嵌类(说起来好别扭,感觉静态内部类听起来好听一点…)–>接口是一种特殊的类–>所以接口里也可以声明内嵌类.
首先,我们要明确一个原则,接口更多的是提供一种协议,他其中不应该出现任何实现相关的代码. 但是,嵌套类可以作为接口的一部分. 接口中所有成员都是隐式public static的. 既然都是static的,它可以是static的变量,也可以是static的方法,那么为什么不可以是static的内部类呢?

1.public interface ClassInInterface {
2.    void howdy();
3.    class Test implements ClassInInterface{
4.        @Override
5.        public void howdy() {
6.            System.out.println("Howdy!");
7.        }
8.        public static void main(String[] args) {
9.            new Test().howdy();
10.        }
11.    }
12.}

像这个样子. 埃大爷说如果想给一个接口的所有实现提供公共的代码,可以使用这种方式. 但是我实在是理解不了…

从多层嵌套类中访问外部类的成员
一句话,一个内部类被嵌套多少层都不重要,它都可以透明的访问所有外部类的成员.

1.class MNA{
2.    private void f(){
3.        System.out.println("111");
4.    }
5.    class A{
6.        private void g(){
7.            System.out.println("222");
8.        }
9.        public class B{
10.            void h(){
11.                g();
12.                f();
13.            }
14.        }
15.    }
16.}
17.public class MultiNestingAccess {
18.    public static void main(String[] args) {
19.        MNA mna = new MNA();
20.        MNA.A mnaa = mna.new A();
21.        MNA.A.B mnaab = mnaa.new B();
22.        mnaab.h();
23.    }
24.}

内部类的继承

内部类的构造器必须要连接到指向外部类的引用,也就是那个.new语法所以如果想要继承内部类的时候,这个指向外嵌类对象的隐式的引用必须被初始化,而在子类中不再存在可连接的默认对象. 这个时候就需要用一些特殊手段了. (这么复杂的情况已经完全超出我的认知范围了,请自行脑补看到这一节的时候,我的表情)

1.class WithInner{
2.    class Inner{}
3.}
4.public class InheritInner extends WithInner.Inner{
5.    //can not use
6.    //public InheritInner() {}
7.    public InheritInner(WithInner wi) {
8.        wi.super();
9.    }
10.    public static void main(String[] args) {
11.
12.        WithInner wi = new WithInner();
13.        //must use outer class' reference to complete the construction
14.        InheritInner ii = new InheritInner(wi);
15.    }
16.}

注意7-9行的代码,继承一个内部类的时候,构造方法必须传递一个外部类的引用,并且使用super()语法进行初始化.

覆盖内部类

内部类有时候看上去更像是一个方法,那么有没有”重写”一说呢? 再推导一下,内部类看上去像一个成员方法,成员方法是可以被重写的,那么内部类在继承的时候,也是可以被覆盖的,是吗?! 码一发!

1.class Egg{
2.    private Yolk y;
3.    protected class Yolk{
4.        public Yolk(){
5.            System.out.println("Egg.Yolk()");
6.        }
7.    }
8.    public Egg(){
9.        System.out.println("New Egg()");
10.        y=new Yolk();
11.    }
12.}
13.public class BigEgg extends Egg{
14.    public class Yolk{
15.        public Yolk(){
16.            System.out.println("BigEgg.Yolk()");
17.        }
18.    }
19.    public static void main(String[] args) {
20.        new BigEgg();
21.    }
22.}/*output
23.New Egg()
24.Egg.Yolk()
25.*/

不好意思,没有被覆盖. 这是为啥呢?
这要从内部类编译的产物来说了. 一个包含内部类的类(埃大爷说的很学术范儿,叫编译单元,就是个.java的源文件)编译完之后会生成类似那么几个玩意儿. 内部类会是一个独立的class文件,但是命名上会以$来连接外嵌类和内部类. 对于匿名内部类,$后是一串数字.
Parcel1.class
Parcel1$Destination.class
Parcel1$Contents.class

也就是说,外嵌类和内部类编译之后其实是两个独立的实体,有着各自的命名空间. 它不存在被重写一说. 但是能不能达到一个重写的效果呢,不用犹豫,肯定能.

1.class Egg2{
2.    private Yolk y=new Yolk();
3.    protected class Yolk{
4.        public Yolk(){
5.            System.out.println("Egg2.Yolk()");
6.        }
7.        public void f(){
8.            System.out.println("Egg2.Yolk.f()");
9.        }
10.    }
11.    public Egg2(){
12.        System.out.println("New Egg2()");
13.    }
14.    public void insertYolk(Yolk yy){
15.        y=yy;
16.    }
17.    public void g(){
18.        y.f();
19.    }
20.
21.}
22.
23.public class BigEgg2 extends Egg2{
24.    public class Yolk extends Egg2.Yolk{
25.        public Yolk(){
26.            System.out.println("BigEgg2.Yolk()");
27.        }
28.        public void f(){
29.            System.out.println("BigEgg2.Yolk.f()");
30.        }
31.    }
32.    public BigEgg2(){insertYolk(new Yolk());}
33.    public static void main(String[] args) {
34.        Egg2 e2=new BigEgg2();
35.        e2.g();
36.    }
37.}/*output
38.Egg2.Yolk()
39.New Egg2()
40.Egg2.Yolk()
41.BigEgg2.Yolk()
42.BigEgg2.Yolk.f()
43.*/

局部内部类和匿名内部类的区别

局部内部类不能有权限修饰符,因为它不是外嵌类的一部分. 但是它可以访问当前代码块的常量还有外嵌类的所有成员.

1.interface Counter{
2.    int next();
3.}
4.public class LocalInnerClass {
5.    private int count=0;
6.
7.    Counter getCounter(String name){
8.        class LocalCounter implements Counter{
9.            public LocalCounter(){
10.                System.out.println("LocalCounter()");
11.            }
12.            @Override
13.            public int next(){
14.                System.out.print(name+" ");
15.                return count++;
16.            }
17.        }
18.        return new LocalCounter();
19.    }
20.
21.    Counter getCounter2(String name){
22.        return new Counter(){
23.            {
24.                System.out.println("Counter()");
25.            }
26.            @Override
27.            public int next() {
28.                System.out.print(name+" ");
29.                return count++;
30.            }
31.        };
32.    }
33.    public static void main(String[] args) {
34.        LocalInnerClass lic = new LocalInnerClass();
35.        Counter c1 = lic.getCounter("local innner");
36.        Counter c2 = lic.getCounter2("Anonymous inner");
37.
38.        for (int i =0;i<5;i++){
39.            System.out.println(c1.next());
40.        }
41.        for(int i =0;i<5;i++){
42.            System.out.println(c2.next());
43.        }
44.    }
45.}/*output
46.LocalCounter()
47.Counter()
48.local innner 0
49.local innner 1
50.local innner 2
51.local innner 3
52.local innner 4
53.Anonymous inner 5
54.Anonymous inner 6
55.Anonymous inner 7
56.Anonymous inner 8
57.Anonymous inner 9
58.*/

从代码上看,这一段代码匿名内部类和局部内部类实现了相同的功能. 那么他们的区别在哪里?何时用匿名内部类何时用局部内部类? 如果我们需要用一个命名构造器,或者需要重载构造器的时候,使用局部内部类,因为匿名内部类只能完成实例的初始化.

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