IOC Unity

1. 依赖倒置原则和IOC
2. IOC(Inversion of Control)的好处
3. 介绍和使用Unity

依赖倒置原则（DIP）：上层和下层之间，依赖抽象，而不依赖细节
IOC 控制反转，把上端对下端细节的依赖，转移给第三方,上端只依赖抽象
Unity：就是一个第三方的容器

public static void Show()
        {
            {
                Console.WriteLine("**************************普通用法*************************");
                IPhone phone = new AndroidPhone();
                phone.Call();
                Console.WriteLine(" phone.Headphone==null? {0}", phone.Headphone == null);
                Console.WriteLine("phone.Microphone==null? {0}", phone.Microphone  == null);
                Console.WriteLine("          phone.Power==null? {0}", phone.Power  == null);
            }
            {
                Console.WriteLine("*********************Iunity用法，无注入*******************");
                IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
                container.RegisterType<IPhone, AndroidPhone>();
                container.RegisterType<IMicrophone, Microphone>();
                container.RegisterType<IHeadphone, Headphone>();
                container.RegisterType<IPower, Power>();
                IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();
                phone.Call();
                Console.WriteLine(" phone.Headphone==null? {0}", phone.Headphone == null);
                Console.WriteLine("phone.Microphone==null? {0}", phone.Microphone == null);
                Console.WriteLine("          phone.Power==null? {0}", phone.Power == null);
            }
            {
                Console.WriteLine("*********************Iunity用法，注入*******************");
                IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();
                container.RegisterType<IPhone, ApplePhone>();
                container.RegisterType<IMicrophone , Microphone >();
                container.RegisterType<IHeadphone , Headphone>();
                container.RegisterType<IPower, Power>();
                IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();
                phone.Call();
                Console.WriteLine(" phone.Headphone==null? {0}", phone.Headphone == null);
                Console.WriteLine("phone.Microphone==null? {0}", phone.Microphone == null);
                Console.WriteLine("          phone.Power==null? {0}", phone.Power == null);
                //IOC还可以做： 单例  单线程单例  AOP
            }
        }

三种注入方式

/// <summary>
    /// 依赖注入三种方式：构造函数注入  属性注入  方法注入
    /// </summary>
    public class ApplePhone : IPhone
    {
        [Dependency] //属性注入
        public IMicrophone Microphone { get; set; }
        public IHeadphone Headphone { get; set; }
        public IPower Power { get; set; }
        public ApplePhone()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}构造函数", this.GetType().Name);
        }

       [InjectionConstructor ]//构造函数注入，可以不要特性，默认使用参数最多的构造函数
        public ApplePhone (IHeadphone iHeadphone)
        {
            this.Headphone = iHeadphone;
            Console.WriteLine("{0}带参数构造函数", this.GetType().Name);
        }
        public void Call()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}打电话", this.GetType().Name);
        }

       [InjectionMethod ]//方法注入：必须是public
        public void Init(IPower power)
        {
            this.Power = power;
            Console.WriteLine("初始化函数{0}", this.GetType().Name);
        }
    }

写配置文件

<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration"/>
  </configSections>
  <unity>
    <containers>
      <container name="testContainer">
        <register type="IOCUnity.IPhone,IOCUnity" mapTo="IOCUnity.ApplePhone, IOCUnity"/>
        <register type="IOCUnity.IMicrophone, IOCUnity" mapTo="IOCUnity.Microphone, IOCUnity"/>
        <register type="IOCUnity.IHeadphone, IOCUnity" mapTo="IOCUnity.Headphone, IOCUnity"/>
        <register type="IOCUnity.IPower, IOCUnity" mapTo="IOCUnity.Power, IOCUnity"/>
        <register type="IOCUnity.IPhone,IOCUnity" mapTo="IOCUnity.AndroidPhone, IOCUnity" name="android"/>
        <register type="IOCUnity.IPhone,IOCUnity" mapTo="IOCUnity.ApplePhone, IOCUnity" name="apple"/>
      </container>
    </containers>
  </unity>
</configuration>

Unity的标准运用方式

    public class UnityConfig
    {
        public static void Show()
        {
            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();//准备容器

            ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
            fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "CfgFiles\\Unity.Config.xml");//找配置文件的路径
            Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);

            section.Configure(container, "testContainer");//注册

            IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();  //new AndroidPhone();//创建对象
            phone.Call();

            Console.WriteLine("****************************************");
            IPhone phone2 = container.Resolve<IPhone>("apple");  //new AndroidPhone();//创建对象
            phone2.Call();
            Console.WriteLine("****************************************");
            IPhone phone3 = container.Resolve<IPhone>("android");  //new AndroidPhone();//创建对象
            phone3.Call();
        }