Your latest client is a bank, and they’ve tasked you with requiring customers to enter their password in order to make withdrawals.

Currently, this is what they’ve got:

class Customer
attr_reader :funds def initialize(funds, password)
@funds = funds
@password = password
end def remove_funds(amount)
@funds -= amount
end
end

Let’s break that apart. You can paste that whole class into irb to follow along.

When a customer is initialized, it receives a specified amount of funds and a password is set.

diego = Customer.new(500, "udacious")
# => #<Customer:0x007fcdb48ca5a8 @funds=500 @password="udacious">

Thanks to the attr_reader, you can see the value of his current funds.

diego.funds
# => 500

And the remove_funds method allows funds to be removed from the customer’s account.

Checking on the funds again confirms this.

diego.remove_funds(50)
# => 450
diego.funds
# => 450

These methods, funds and remove_funds, are part of the Customer class’ API, or application programming interface.

An API is, according to Wikipedia, “a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications”.

Well, that’s vague.

“API” is a popular term in recent years, but many people use it without quite understanding what it means. Think of methods like remove_funds as your way of interfacing with the Customer class. These methods are the keys to accessing information about a particular customer.

There isn’t currently a way to access the @password instance variable.

It could be said that the customer’s password can’t be accessed by the customer’s public API.

In this situation, that’s a good thing! You don’t want information like a password to be publicly available to other objects.

Let’s implement a method called withdraw_securely, which takes two arguments, amount andpassword.

If the password entered matches the customer’s password, go ahead and remove the funds. Otherwise, nothing happens.

class Customer
attr_reader :funds def initialize(funds, password)
@password = password
@funds = funds
end def remove_funds(amount)
@funds -= amount
end def withdraw_securely(amount, password)
if password == @password
remove_funds(amount)
end
end
end

Play around with this in irb to see it in action.

diego.withdraw_securely(50, "udacious")
# => 400
diego.withdraw_securely(100, "wrong password")
# => nil
diego.funds
# => 400

✨Hooray. Calling withdraw_securely using the correct password decreases the total funds by calling remove_funds,

while using the incorrect password does nothing.

There’s one issue here, can you spot it?

diego.remove_funds(75)
# => 325
diego.funds
# => 325

Malicious users can still withdraw funds directly using the remove_funds method!

Public and Private Interfaces in ruby的更多相关文章

  1. Ruby中访问控制符public,private,protected区别总结

    重点关注private与protected public 默认即为public,全局都可以访问,这个不解释 private C++, “private” 意为 “private to this cla ...

  2. swift 中关于open ,public ,fileprivate,private ,internal,修饰的说明

    关于 swift 中的open ,public ,fileprivate,private, internal的区别 以下按照修饰关键字的访问约束范围 从约束的限定范围大到小的排序进行说明 open,p ...

  3. public protect private. 草稿。

    public protect private. 草稿. #include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <memory> ...

  4. Java修饰符public,private,protected及默认的区别

    Java中访问修饰符public.private.protecte.default的意义讲解:public(接口访问权限): Java语言中访问限制最宽的修饰符,一般称之为“公共的”.被其修饰的类.属 ...

  5. C++中public,protected,private派生类继承问题和访问权限问题

    C++中public,protected,private派生类继承问题和访问权限问题 当一个子类从父类继承时,父类的所有成员成为子类的成员,此时对父类成员的访问状态由继承时使用的继承限定符决定. 1. ...

  6. 【转载】C++中public,protected,private访问

    第一:private, public, protected 访问标号的访问范围. 假如我们约定: 类内部-----指的是当前类类型的定义中,以及其成员函数的声明和定义中: 类外部-----指的是不在当 ...

  7. JAVA修饰符类型(public,protected,private,friendly)

    转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/webapplee/p/3771708.html JAVA修饰符类型(public,protected,private,friendly) publ ...

  8. php public protected private属性实例详解

    php 类中函数和类变量都有三个属性:public protected private,具体什么时候使用什么属性好纠结,特意找了个实例,这样看起来更清晰. public 表示全局,类内部外部子类都可以 ...

  9. C# 访问控制:public、private、protected和internal

    平日工作时最常用的访问控制符是public和private,当看到prism里面大量使用protected的时候,觉得还是不太理解为啥. 所以就静下心来查找并理解了一下,这里记录下,以便回顾和交流. ...

随机推荐

  1. 模态窗口插件之Jbox

    $.jBox.tip("报损数量不能大于库存数!", 'error'); $.jBox.tip("请选择要报损的产品", "warn"); ...

  2. am,pm时间转换

    写在前面 最近遇到的一个问题,在英文操作系统上,获取到的时间是带am或者pm的.但是数据库是datetime类型,存储的时候竟然都变成0000-00-00 00:00:00.但是在中文操作系统上又是正 ...

  3. JS函数表达式

    导图

  4. Linux下svn命令详解

    本文主要是说明linux下svn命令的使用方法,同时记录自己在使用中遇到的一些疑惑. 1.Linux命令行下将文件checkout到本地目录 svn checkout url(url是服务器上的目录) ...

  5. BZOJ SCOI2005骑士精神

    裸IDA*,ans从1到15循环来限制搜索深度. #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> us ...

  6. SQL Server 2008 R2导出数据脚本的方法

    以前看到有些朋友说必须SQL Server 2008才能导出包含数据的脚本,后来仔细研究发现其实SQL Server 2008 R2也是可以的,只需在导出的时候在高级中设置一下即可. 1.首先在数据库 ...

  7. jquery插件库

    jQuery由美国人John Resig创建,至今已吸引了来自世界各地的众多javascript高手加入其team. jQuery是继prototype之后又一个优秀的Javascrīpt框架.其经典 ...

  8. springMVC实现防止重复提交

    参考文档:http://my.oschina.net/mushui/blog/143397

  9. maven 热部署成功案列

    首先配置tomcat-user.xml,这个文件是在tomcat的conf文件夹下面 在</tomcat-users>前添加这段 <role rolename="admin ...

  10. Linux文件目录权限浅谈

    1.基本权限三种(1)r (read) 读 针对目录,有读(r)权限就代表能对此目录有列表功能,就是可以执行ls命令进行查看,另外还有cp的功能.针对文件,有读(r)权限就代表能对此文件有阅读功能,可 ...