【原创】Android 5.0 BLE低功耗蓝牙从设备应用

如果各位觉得有用，转载+个出处。

现如今安卓的低功耗蓝牙应用十分普遍了，智能手环、手表遍地都是，基本都是利用BLE通信来交互数据。BLE基本在安卓、IOS两大终端设备上都有很好支持，所以有很好发展前景。

现市面上各种手环、手表的智能设备中基本都充当"从设备"这样的角色，基本由智能设备完成蓝牙广播，由手机进行连接，然后交互数据。

根据上述方式的应用在安卓4.3、IOS 7.0的版本上就得到了支持，应用也比较广泛，园里应该有很多相关实现，大家可以自己找找，如果不愿意找，抽空再写一篇。

今天主要是为了说在安卓5.0时升级了广播相关API，园里也有一些说明，但之所以还写这篇是因为数据交换的提及很少。

既然将手机要做广播了，那么实质手机就变成手环、手表的角色，一个从设备了。

如果你愿意，可以拿另一台手机做个主设备，这样他们就可以交流了。

好了，我们进入代码正题吧...

首先应用权限设置。在AndroidManifest.xml中还是要加入BLE控制权限，不然异常一定与你为伍。

     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

接着我们上套路了，判断手机是否支持BLE以及是否支持BLE从设备。

   if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
             showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗通讯");
             this.finish();
             return;
         }

         bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

         bluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

         if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
             showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗通讯");
             this.finish();
             return;
         }

         bluetoothLeAdvertiser = bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
         if (bluetoothLeAdvertiser == null) {
             showToast("该设备不支持蓝牙低功耗从设备通讯");
             this.finish();
             return;
         }

我建议你先拿你调试设备试试，大多数同学走到这里都绝望了。你问我为啥？你试试就知道了。

如果你一脸what???的话，那恭喜你，你的调试设备是被选中的孩子，让我们继续乘风破浪吧。顺便在评论里告诉我下你用啥设备哦。

这时候我们开启广播的旋风吧。

  //广播设置
         AdvertiseSettings.Builder settingBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder();
         settingBuilder.setConnectable(true);
         settingBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_BALANCED);
         settingBuilder.setTimeout(0); //我填过别的，但是不能广播。后来我就坚定的0了
         settingBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH);
         AdvertiseSettings settings = settingBuilder.build();

         //广播参数
         AdvertiseData.Builder dataBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();
         bluetoothAdapter.setName("H8-BlePpl"); //你想叫啥名字，你愿意就好
         dataBuilder.setIncludeDeviceName(true);
         dataBuilder.setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true);

         dataBuilder.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(Const.UUID_SERVICE)); //可自定义UUID，看看官方有没有定义哦
         AdvertiseData data = dataBuilder.build();

         bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(settings, data, advertiseCallback);

然后你的小手机就开始广播了，说大家来连我啊连我啊。别总搜地址，貌似地址动态会变的，还是用名儿吧毕竟你起了啊。

我之前傻傻的查了手机蓝牙MAC地址，后来发现不是广播的那个...

广播回调我干了点新增服务的活儿，不干你拿啥通信来。

  private AdvertiseCallback advertiseCallback = new AdvertiseCallback() {
         @Override
         public void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) {
             super.onStartSuccess(settingsInEffect);
             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     showInfo("1.1 AdvertiseCallback-onStartSuccess");
                 }
             });

             bluetoothGattServer = bluetoothManager.openGattServer(getApplicationContext(),
                     bluetoothGattServerCallback);

             BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_SERVICE),
                     BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);

             UUID UUID_CHARREAD = UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC);

             //特征值读写设置
             BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristicWrite = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(UUID_CHARREAD,
                     BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE |
                             BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ |
                             BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,
                     BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);

             UUID UUID_DESCRIPTOR = UUID.fromString(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG);

             BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(UUID_DESCRIPTOR, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
             characteristicWrite.addDescriptor(descriptor);
             service.addCharacteristic(characteristicWrite);

             bluetoothGattServer.addService(service);

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     showInfo("1.2. Service Builded ok");
                 }
             });

         }};

当你收到广播成功回调后，来吧，特征值啊~~反正要通信呐~~

被你发现了我偷懒读写特征值用了一个，其实你愿意用两个就用两个吧。

我用的NOTIFICATION方式做主设备的读取，你也可用INDICATION方式做。

服务建立完成后，也会收到通知。BLE嘛~~都是异步回调~~我是习惯了!

   private BluetoothGattServerCallback bluetoothGattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() {
         @Override
         public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {
             super.onServiceAdded(status, service);

             final String info = service.getUuid().toString();
             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     showInfo("1.3 BluetoothGattServerCallback-onServiceAdded " + info);
                 }
             });

         }

         @Override
         public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) {
             super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);
             final String info = device.getAddress() + "|" + status + "->" + newState;

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     showInfo("1.4 onConnectionStateChange " + info);
                 }
             });
         }

         @Override
         public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset,
                                                 BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
             super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);

             final String deviceInfo = "Address:" + device.getAddress();
             final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + characteristic.getUuid() + "|Value:" +
                     Util.bytes2HexString(characteristic.getValue());

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {

                     showInfo("=============================================");
                     showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
                     showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
                     showInfo("=========onCharacteristicReadRequest=========");

                 }
             });

             bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());

         }

         @Override
         public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
             super.onCharacteristicWriteRequest(device, requestId, characteristic,
                     preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);

             final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
             final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + characteristic.getUuid() + "|Value:" + Util.bytes2HexString(value);

             bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
            //TODO:你做数据处理

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {

                     showInfo("=============================================");
                     showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
                     showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
                     showInfo("=========onCharacteristicWriteRequest=========");

                 }
             });

         }

         @Override
         public void onNotificationSent(BluetoothDevice device, int status) {
             super.onNotificationSent(device, status);

             final String info = "Address:" + device.getAddress() + "|status:" + status;

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     showInfo("onNotificationSent " + info);
                 }
             });
         }

         @Override
         public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
             final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
             final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + descriptor.getUuid() + "|Value:" + Util.bytes2HexString(value);

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {

                     showInfo("=============================================");
                     showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
                     showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
                     showInfo("=========onDescriptorWriteRequest=========");

                 }
             });

             // 告诉连接设备做好了
             bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
         }

         @Override
         public void onDescriptorReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor) {

             super.onDescriptorReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, descriptor);

             final String deviceInfo = "Name:" + device.getAddress() + "|Address:" + device.getAddress();
             final String info = "Request:" + requestId + "|Offset:" + offset + "|characteristic:" + descriptor.getUuid();

             runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {

                     showInfo("=============================================");
                     showInfo("设备信息 " + deviceInfo);
                     showInfo("数据信息 " + info);
                     showInfo("=========onDescriptorReadRequest=========");

                 }
             });

             // 告诉连接设备做好了
             bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);

         }

     };

基本上从设备就做完了。

调试的时候你用主设备查服务列表可能查不到你的UUID_SERVICE,但是别慌，你getServcie(UUID_SERVICE)试试，说不定就柳暗花明了。

还有就是我拿的华为Honor 8做的调试机子，其他还有啥型号请各位分享下。姑娘我跪谢啦~~