Pandas与Matplotlib基础
pip install pandas
s = pd.Series([3, -5, 7, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print(s) # result
a 3
b -5
c 7
d 4
dtype: int64
s.index = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
print(s) # result
A 3
B -5
C 7
D 4
dtype: int64
data = {
'Country': ['Belgium', 'India', 'Brazil'],
'Capital': ['Brussels', 'New Delhi', 'Brasília'],
'Population': [11190846, 1303171035, 207847528]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['Country', 'Capital', 'Population'])
print(df) # result
Country Capital Population
0 Belgium Brussels 11190846
1 India New Delhi 1303171035
2 Brazil Brasília 207847528
print(df.shape) # result
(260, 218)
print(df.columns)
print(df.index) # result
Index(['Life expectancy', '', '', '', '', '', '',
'', '', '',
...
'', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',
''],
dtype='object', length=218) Int64Index([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
...
250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259],
dtype='int64', length=260)
print(df.info()) # result
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Int64Index: 260 entries, 0 to 259
Columns: 218 entries, Life expectancy to 2016
dtypes: float64(217), object(1)
memory usage: 444.8+ KB
print(df.head()) # result
Life expectancy 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 \
0 Abkhazia NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 Afghanistan 28.21 28.20 28.19 28.18 28.17 28.16 28.15
2 Akrotiri and Dhekelia NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
3 Albania 35.40 35.40 35.40 35.40 35.40 35.40 35.40
4 Algeria 28.82 28.82 28.82 28.82 28.82 28.82 28.82 1807 1808 ... 2016
0 NaN NaN ... 0 NaN
1 28.14 28.13 ... 1 52.72
2 NaN NaN ... 2 NaN
3 35.40 35.40 ... 3 78.10
4 28.82 28.82 ... 4 76.50 [5 rows x 218 columns]
print(df.tail()) # result
Life expectancy 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 \
255 Yugoslavia NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
256 Zambia 32.60 32.60 32.60 32.60 32.60 32.60 32.60 32.60
257 Zimbabwe 33.70 33.70 33.70 33.70 33.70 33.70 33.70 33.70
258 ?land NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
259 South Sudan 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 1808 ... 2016
255 NaN ... NaN
256 32.60 ... 57.10
257 33.70 ... 61.69
258 NaN ... NaN
259 26.67 ... 56.10 [5 rows x 218 columns]
selected_cols = ['', '', '']
date_df = df[selected_cols]
print(date_df.head()) # result
2010 2011 2012
0 NaN NaN NaN
1 53.6 54.0 54.4
2 NaN NaN NaN
3 77.2 77.4 77.5
4 76.0 76.1 76.2
print(df.loc[250, 'Life expectancy']) # result
250 Vietnam Name: Life expectancy, dtype: object
df.iloc[:10, -2:] # result
2015 2016
0 NaN NaN
1 53.8 52.72
2 NaN NaN
3 78.0 78.10
4 76.4 76.50
5 72.9 73.00
6 84.8 84.80
7 59.6 60.00
8 NaN NaN
9 76.4 76.50
mask = df > 50
print(df[mask].head()) #result
Life expectancy 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 \
0 Abkhazia NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 Afghanistan NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
2 Akrotiri and Dhekelia NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
3 Albania NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
4 Algeria NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1808 ... 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
0 NaN ... NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 NaN ... 52.4 52.8 53.3 53.6 54.0 54.4 54.8 54.9 53.8 52.72
2 NaN ... NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
3 NaN ... 76.6 76.8 77.0 77.2 77.4 77.5 77.7 77.9 78.0 78.10
4 NaN ... 75.3 75.5 75.7 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.3 76.4 76.50 [5 rows x 218 columns]
heights = [59.0, 65.2, 62.9, 65.4, 63.7]
data = {
'height': heights, 'sex': 'Male',
}
df_heights = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df_heights) # result
height sex
0 59.0 Male
1 65.2 Male
2 62.9 Male
3 65.4 Male
4 63.7 Male
df_heights.columns = ['HEIGHT', 'SEX']
df_heights.index = ['david', 'bob', 'lily', 'sara', 'tim']
print(df_heights) # result
HEIGHT SEX
david 59.0 Male
bob 65.2 Male
lily 62.9 Male
sara 65.4 Male
tim 63.7 Male
print(df_heights.sum()) # result
HEIGHT 316.2
SEX MaleMaleMaleMaleMale
dtype: object
print(df_heights.cumsum()) # result
HEIGHT SEX
david 59 Male
bob 124.2 MaleMale
lily 187.1 MaleMaleMale
sara 252.5 MaleMaleMaleMale
tim 316.2 MaleMaleMaleMaleMale
print(df_heights.max()) # result
HEIGHT 65.4
SEX Male
dtype: object
print(df_heights.min()) # result
HEIGHT 59
SEX Male
dtype: object
print(df_heights.mean()) # result
HEIGHT 63.24
dtype: float64
print(df_heights.median()) # result
HEIGHT 63.7
dtype: float64
print(df_heights.describe()) # result
HEIGHT
count 5.000000
mean 63.240000
std 2.589015
min 59.000000
25% 62.900000
50% 63.700000
75% 65.200000
max 65.400000
df_heights.drop(['david', 'tim'])
print(df_heights) # result
df_heights = df_heights.drop(['david', 'tim'])
print(df_heights) # result
HEIGHT SEX
bob 65.2 Male
lily 62.9 Male
sara 65.4 Male
print(df_heights.drop('SEX', axis=1)) # result
HEIGHT
david 177.0
bob 195.6
lily 188.7
sara 196.2
tim 191.1
print(df_heights.sort_index()) # result
HEIGHT SEX
bob 65.2 Male
david 59.0 Male
lily 62.9 Male
sara 65.4 Male
tim 63.7 Male
print(df_heights.sort_values(by='HEIGHT')) # result
HEIGHT SEX
david 59.0 Male
lily 62.9 Male
tim 63.7 Male
bob 65.2 Male
sara 65.4 Male
print(df_heights.rank()) # result
HEIGHT SEX
david 1.0 3.0
bob 4.0 3.0
lily 2.0 3.0
sara 5.0 3.0
tim 3.0 3.0
df_heights = df_heights.apply(lambda height: height*3)
print(df_heights) # result
HEIGHT SEX
david 177.0 MaleMaleMale
bob 195.6 MaleMaleMale
lily 188.7 MaleMaleMale
sara 196.2 MaleMaleMale
tim 191.1 MaleMaleMale
df = pd.read_csv("tips.csv")
print(df.info()) # result
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 244 entries, 0 to 243
Data columns (total 8 columns):
total_bill 244 non-null float64
tip 244 non-null float64
sex 244 non-null object
smoker 244 non-null object
day 244 non-null object
time 244 non-null object
size 244 non-null int64
fraction 244 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(3), int64(1), object(4)
memory usage: 15.3+ KB
df = pd.read_csv('tips.csv', header=None, names=column_names)
df = pd.read_csv('tips.csv', header=None, names=column_names, na_values={'DAY': '-1'})
date_df = pd.read_csv('created_date.csv', parse_dates=[[3, 4, 5]])
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt df = pd.read_csv('percent-bachelors-degrees-women-usa.csv', index_col='Year')
print(df.info())
print(df.head()) # result
Agriculture Architecture Art and Performance Biology Business \ ... ... Social Sciences and History
Year ... ... Year
1970 4.229798 11.921005 59.7 29.088363 9.064439 ... ... 1970 36.8
1971 5.452797 12.003106 59.9 29.394403 9.503187 ... ... 1971 36.2
1972 7.420710 13.214594 60.4 29.810221 10.558962 ... ... 1972 36.1
1973 9.653602 14.791613 60.2 31.147915 12.804602 ... ... 1973 36.4
1974 14.074623 17.444688 61.9 32.996183 16.204850 ... ... 1974 37.3 <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Int64Index: 42 entries, 1970 to 2011
Data columns (total 17 columns):
Agriculture 42 non-null float64
Architecture 42 non-null float64
Art and Performance 42 non-null float64
Biology 42 non-null float64
Business 42 non-null float64
Communications and Journalism 42 non-null float64
Computer Science 42 non-null float64
Education 42 non-null float64
Engineering 42 non-null float64
English 42 non-null float64
Foreign Languages 42 non-null float64
Health Professions 42 non-null float64
Math and Statistics 42 non-null float64
Physical Sciences 42 non-null float64
Psychology 42 non-null float64
Public Administration 42 non-null float64
Social Sciences and History 42 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(17)
memory usage: 5.9 KB
df_CS = df['Computer Science']
plt.plot(df_CS)
plt.show()
df_CS = df['Computer Science']
plt.plot(df_CS)
# 为图表添加标题
plt.title("Percentage of Computer Science's degrees awarded to women in the USA")
# 为X轴添加标签
plt.xlabel("Years")
# 为Y轴添加标签
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
plt.show()
df_CS = df['Computer Science']
df_MS = df['Math and Statistics']
# 可以通过DataFrame的plot()方法直接绘制
# color指定线条的颜色
# style指定线条的样式
# legend指定是否使用标识区分
df_CS.plot(color='b', style='.-', legend=True)
df_MS.plot(color='r', style='-', legend=True)
plt.title("Percentage of Computer Science's degrees VS Math and Statistics's")
plt.xlabel("Years")
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
plt.show()
# alpha指定透明度(0~1)
df.plot(alpha=0.7)
plt.title("Percentage of bachelor's degrees awarded to women in the USA")
plt.xlabel("Years")
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
# axis指定X轴Y轴的取值范围
plt.axis((1970, 2000, 0, 200))
plt.show()
iris = pd.read_csv("iris.csv")
# 源数据中没有给column,所以需要手动指定一下
iris.columns = ['sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species']
# kind表示图形的类型
# x, y 分别指定X, Y 轴所指定的数据
iris.plot(kind='scatter', x='sepal_length', y='sepal_width')
plt.xlabel("sepal length in cm")
plt.ylabel("sepal width in cm")
plt.title("iris data analysis")
plt.show()
iris.plot(kind='box', y='sepal_length')
plt.ylabel("sepal length in cm")
plt.show()
# 使用mask取出子集
mask = (iris.species == 'Iris-setosa')
setosa = iris[mask]
# bins指定柱状图的个数
# range指定X轴的取值范围
setosa.plot(kind='hist', bins=50, range=(0, 8), alpha=0.5)
plt.title("setosa in iris")
plt.xlabel("CM")
plt.show()
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