spring mvc:练习：表单验证(javaConfig配置和注解)
使用Spring表单标签， 表单验证使用 JSR303 的验证注解，hibernate-validators，提供了使用MessageSource和访问静态资源(如CSS，JavaScript，图片)国际化支持我们的视图，使用ResourceHandlerRegistry，全部采用基于注解的配置。
请注意，JSR303是一种规范，hibernate-validator是我们在这篇文章中使用的一种实现，它也提供了几个不包含在规范中自己的验证注释。
插件：
validation-api 1.1.0.Final
hibernate-validator 5.1.2.Final
更新pom.xml，包括所需的依赖关系
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>gugua4</groupId>
<artifactId>gugau6</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>gugau6 Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties>
<springVersion>4.3.5.RELEASE</springVersion>
<hibernate.validator>5.1.2.Final</hibernate.validator> <!-- hibernate.validator -->
<javax.validation>1.1.0.Final</javax.validation> <!-- JSR303 的验证注解 -->
<mysqlVersion>5.0.11</mysqlVersion>
<commonsDbcpVersion>1.4</commonsDbcpVersion>
<aspectjweaverVersion>1.8.13</aspectjweaverVersion>
<commonsLoggingVersion>1.2</commonsLoggingVersion>
</properties> <dependencies> <!-- spring-test支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <!-- spring模块库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${springVersion}</version>
</dependency> <!-- (aop)@Aspect注解及代理 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib-nodep -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>2.1_3</version>
</dependency> <!-- 依赖的持久化类库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <!-- io流/上传类插件 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency> <!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>${commonsDbcpVersion}</version>
</dependency> <!-- 公共基础类（字符处理，数组，日期，范围） -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
</dependency> <!-- jsp依赖的web模块库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency> <!-- servlet(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<!--
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
-->
</dependency> <!-- jsr303 validation dependencies/ JSR303 的验证注解-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.validation}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate validation 数据验证-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.validator}</version>
</dependency> </dependencies> <build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
<configuration>
<!-- jsp目录/项目访问目录 -->
<warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
<!-- 项目名 -->
<warName>gugau6</warName>
<!-- 取消web.xml配置 -->
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<finalName>gugau6</finalName>
</build> </project>
首先要注意这里是 maven-war-plugin 插件声明。由于我们使用的是全注解配置，我们甚至不包括在 web.xml 中，所以我们需要配置这个插件，以避免Maven构建war包失败。在验证部分 validation-api 代表规范， 而hibernate-validator是本规范的一个实现。hibernate-validator还提供了一些它自己的注解(@Email，@NotEmpty等)不属于规范的一部分。
创建POJO/域对象
Student学生信息类
package springmvc.model; import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email; import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat; public class Student implements Serializable { @Size(min=3, max=30)
private String firstName; @Size(min=3, max=30)
private String lastName; @NotEmpty
private String sex; @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
@Past @NotNull
private Date dob; @Email @NotEmpty
private String email; @NotEmpty
private String section; @NotEmpty
private String country; private boolean firstAttempt; @NotEmpty
private List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>(); public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
} public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
} public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
} public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
} public String getSex() {
return sex;
} public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
} public Date getDob() {
return dob;
} public void setDob(Date dob) {
this.dob = dob;
} public String getEmail() {
return email;
} public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
} public String getSection() {
return section;
} public void setSection(String section) {
this.section = section;
} public String getCountry() {
return country;
} public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
} public boolean isFirstAttempt() {
return firstAttempt;
} public void setFirstAttempt(boolean firstAttempt) {
this.firstAttempt = firstAttempt;
} public List<String> getSubjects() {
return subjects;
} public void setSubjects(List<String> subjects) {
this.subjects = subjects;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", sex=" + sex + ", dob=" + dob
+ ", email=" + email + ", section=" + section + ", country=" + country + ", firstAttempt=" + firstAttempt
+ ", subjects=" + subjects + "]";
} }
添加控制器
package springmvc.controller; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import springmvc.model.Student; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; @Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/")
public class HelloWorldController { @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String newRegistration(ModelMap model)
{
Student student = new Student();
model.addAttribute("student", student);
return "hello_index";
} @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveRegistration(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result, ModelMap model)
{
if(result.hasErrors())
{
//System.out.println(student.toString()); //model.addAttribute("success", "Dear "+ student.getFirstName() + ", your Registration completed fail!");
//return "hello_result";
return "hello_index";
}
model.addAttribute("success", "Dear "+ student.getFirstName() + ", your Registration completed successfully!");
return "hello_result"; } @ModelAttribute("sections")
public List<String> initializeSections()
{
List<String> sections = new ArrayList<String>();
sections.add("graduate");
sections.add("post graduate");
sections.add("research");
return sections;
} @ModelAttribute("countries")
public List<String> initializeCountries()
{
List<String> countries = new ArrayList<String>();
countries.add("china");
countries.add("usa");
countries.add("germany");
return countries;
} @ModelAttribute("subjects")
public List<String> initializeSubjects()
{
List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>();
subjects.add("Physics");
subjects.add("Chemistry");
subjects.add("Life Science");
return subjects;
} }
@Valid要求spring来验证相关的对象(学生)。 BindingResult包含此验证，并可能在此验证过程中发生(产生)任何错误的结果。请注意，BindingResult一定要在之后立即生效对象，否则spring将无法验证并且将一个异常抛出。
添加配置类
package springmvc.configuration; import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages="springmvc")
public class HelloWorldConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver()
{
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
} @Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
//复写静态资源
registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("/static/");
} public MessageSource messageSource()
{
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
messageSource.setBasename("messages");
return messageSource;
} }
@Configuration指示该类包含注解为@Bean生产Bean管理是由Spring容器的一个或多个 bean 的方法。@EnableWebMvc 等效于 mvc:annotation-driven 在XML文件中。它能够为使用@RequestMapping 向特定的方法传入的请求映射@Controller-annotated类。 @ComponentScan 等效于 context:component-scan base-package="..." 提供具有到哪里查找管理Spring beans/类。
方法 ViewResolver 配置一个 ViewResolver 用来找出真正的视图。方法 addResourceHandlers 配置 ResourceHandler 静态资源。CSS, JavaScript, images 等都是静态的资源在你的页面里。上面的配置表示，所有的资源请求开始/static/，将从webapps文件夹下提供/static/。在这个例子中，我们把所有的css文件放在 Web应用程序的 /static/css 目录中。注意，此方法在 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 中定义，因此我们需要扩展这个类来注册我们的静态资源覆盖此方法。
方法为 messageSource 配置消息包，以支持[国际化]消息属性文件。请注意方法 baseName 提供的参数(消息)。Spring 将搜索应用程序类路径中一个名为messages.properties文件。让我们添加的文件：
src/main/resources/messages.properties
Size.student.firstName=First Name must be between {2} and {1} characters long
Size.student.lastName=Last Name must be between {2} and {1} characters long
NotEmpty.student.sex=Please specify your gender
NotNull.student.dob=Date of birth can not be blank
Past.student.dob=Date of birth must be in the past
Email.student.email=Please provide a valid Email address
NotEmpty.student.email=Email can not be blank
NotEmpty.student.country=Please select your country
NotEmpty.student.section=Please select your section
NotEmpty.student.subjects=Please select at least one subject
typeMismatch=Invalid format
请注意，上述消息按照特定的模式
{ValidationAnnotationClass}.{modelObject}.{fieldName}
此外，根据具体的注释(如@Size)，也可以用传递参数给这些消息：{0},{1},..{i}
以XML格式上述结构将是
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.springmvc" />
<mvc:annotation-driven/> <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" />
<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename">
<value>messages</value>
</property>
</bean> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean> </beans>
添加视图(简单的JSP页面)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>student enrollment</title>
<link href="<c:url value='/static/css/bootstrap.css' />" ref="stylesheet">
<link href="<c:url value='/static/css/custom.css' />" ref="stylesheet">
</head>
<body> <div class="form-container">
<h1>Enrollment Form</h1>
<form:form method="post" modelAttribute="student" class="form-horizontal">
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="firstName">First Name</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input type="text" path="firstName" id="firstName" class="form-control input-sm" />
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="firstName" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="lastName">last Name</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input type="text" path="lastName" id="lastName" class="form-control input-sm" />
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="lastName" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="sex">sex</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:radiobutton path="sex" value="M" />Male
<form:radiobutton path="sex" value="F" />Female
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="sex" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="email">email</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input path="email" id="email" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="email" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="dob">dob</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:input path="dob" id="dob" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="dob" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="section">section</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:radiobuttons path="section" id="section" items="${sections}"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="section" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="country">country</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:select path="country" id="country" class="form-control input-sm">
<form:option value="">please select</form:option>
<form:options items="${countries}"/>
</form:select>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="country" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstAttempt">First Attempt ?</label>
<div class="col-md-1">
<form:checkbox path="firstAttempt" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="firstAttempt" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-group col-md-12">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="subjects">subject</label>
<div class="col-md-7">
<form:select path="subjects" items="${subjects}" multiple="true" class="form-control input-sm"/>
<div class="has-error">
<form:errors path="subjects" class="help-inline"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <div class="row">
<div class="form-actions floatRight">
<input type="submit" value="Register" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">
</div>
</div> </form:form>
</div> </body>
</html>
result.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>reuslt</title>
<link href="<c:url value='/static/css/custom.css'/>" ref="stylesheet">
</head>
<body> <div class="success">
Confirmation message : ${success}
<br>
We have also sent you a confirmation mail to your email address : ${student.email}.
</div> </body>
</html>
添加初始化器类
package springmvc.configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class HelloWorldInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Class[] { HelloWorldConfiguration.class };
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new String[] { "/"};
}
}
有一点要记住，如：WebApplicationInitializer，Spring 基于Java 配置API是依赖Servlet3.0容器的。所以一定要确保你没有使用 Servlet 声明任何在 web.xml 小于3.0。对于我们的情况，我们要从应用程序中删除 web.xml 文件。
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