python开发学习-day07(面向对象之多态、类的方法、反射、新式类and旧式类、socket编程)

s12-20160227-day07

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pytho自动化开发 day07

Date:2016.02.27

    @南非波波

课程大纲：

day06

http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5188179.html

day07

http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5213184.html

一、类的多态、继承

类的多态：统一接口调用

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):    # Constructor of the class
        self.name = name
    def talk(self):              # Abstract method, defined by convention only
        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass must implement abstract method")
    hobbie = 'ddd'
class Cat(Animal):
    def talk(self):
        return 'Meow!'
class Dog(Animal):
    def talk(self):
        return 'Woof! Woof!'

animals = [Cat('Missy'),
           Dog('Lassie')]

for animal in animals:
    print(animal.name + ': ' + animal.talk())

类的方法：示例

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
class Animal(object):
    '''
    定义一个动物类
    '''
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        self.__num = None #定义成私有变量，只能在类中访问

    # def talk(self):
    #     print("%s is talking!" % self.name)
    hobbie = "shen" #类变量，静态字段
    @classmethod  #类方法，不能访问实例变量
    def talk(self):
        print("%s is talking!" % self.hobbie)
    # def work(self):
    #     print("%s is working!" % self.name)

    @staticmethod #静态方法，不能访问类变量和实例变量
    def work():
        print("It is working!")

    # def walk(self):
    #     print("%s is walking!" % self.name)
    @property #把方法编程静态属性
    def walk(self,num):
        return self.__num
    @walk.setter #传值
    def walk(self,num):
        self.__num = num
        print(self.__num)
    @walk.deleter  #删值
    def walk(self):
        print("del num")
c = Animal("swht")
# c.talk()
# c.work()
c.walk = 3
del c.walk
print("OUT:",c._Animal__num)  #特例情况下可以通过这种方式访问私有变量

经典类与新式类

经典类和新式类区别：

经典类：使用深度优先进行继承 新式类：使用广度优先进行继承

另外：经典类和新式类在python-3.X平台上会默认使用广度优先进行继承，而在python-2.X中则体现上述区别

示例代码：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

class A:
    print("A")
    def f2(self):
        print("f2 from A")
class B(A):
    print("B")
    def f1(self):
        print("f1 from B")
    def f2(self):
        print("f2 from B")
class C(A):
    print("C")
    def f2(self):
        print("f2 from C")

class D(B,C):
    pass

d = D()
d.f1()
d.f2()

'''
广度优先算法继承。先将B类中的f2()注释掉，D自动继承C.f2()，如果再将C类中的f2()，D自动继承A.f2()
'''

类的特殊成员

__doc__:查看类的注释
__init__:构造方法，通过类创建对象时，自动触发执行。
__module__:表示当前操作的对象在那个模块
__class__:表示当前操作的对象的类是什么
__del__:析构方法,解释器进行垃圾回收时自动触发
__call__:对象加()执行call方法
__new__：实例化时new方法执行了__init__
__metaclass__：通过改写metaclass方法达到构建自己需要的类的目的
__dict__:以字典的形式显示类对象中的成员。使用场景：查看类中有多少成员（只显示类变量，不显示实例变量）
__str__:如果一个类中定义了__str__方法，那么在打印 对象 时，默认输出该方法的返回值。
__iter__:用于迭代器，之所以列表、字典、元组可以进行for循环，是因为类型内部定义了 __iter__

示例：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

class People(object):
    '''
    定义一个人类
    '''
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        '''
        定义属性
        :param name: 人类的名字
        :param age: 人类的年龄属性
        :return:
        '''
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def china_man(self):
        pass

chinese = People("swht",27)
#__doc__:查看类的注释
print(chinese.__doc__) #  定义一个人类
#__dict__:以字典的形式显示类对象中的成员。使用场景：查看类中有多少成员（只显示类变量，不显示实例变量）
print(chinese.__dict__) #{'age': 27, 'name': 'swht'}
#__module__:表示当前操作的对象在那个模块
print(chinese.__module__) #__main__
#__class__:表示当前操作的对象的类是什么
print(chinese.__class__) #<class '__main__.People'>

构造类的方法

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/100003/what-is-a-metaclass-in-python

一句话构建一个类

Foo = type('Foo',(object,), {'func': func})
    #type第一个参数：类名
    #type第二个参数：当前类的基类
    #type第三个参数：类的成员

反射方法

hasattr：判断实例中是否存在指定输入的方法

hasattr(server,sys.argv[1])  返回值是布尔型 True or False

getattr:获取实例中的方法

func = getattr(server,sys.argv[1])  获取对象方法的内存地址

setattr:将自定义的某个方法设定到特定实例中去使用

setattr(server,'run',test_run) 将特定方法test_run绑定给实例server，并重命名为run方法
server.run()  实例server可以指定调用方法run

delattr:删除实例的成员变量或者类的方法，不能删除实例的方法

#delattr可以删除类的方法、实例的成员变量
# delattr(server,'start') #尝试删除实例的方法是错误的
# delattr(server,"host") #删除实例的变量
# delattr(Webserver,'start')
# server.start() #AttributeError: 'Webserver' object has no attribute 'start'

完整示例代码：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

import sys
class Webserver(object):
    '''
    定义一个web server启动、关闭类
    '''
    def __init__(self,host,port):
        '''
        初始化类
        :param host: 主机地址
        :param port: 主机端口号
        :return:
        '''
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
    def start(self):
        '''
        服务启动方法
        :return:
        '''
        print("service is starting...")

    def stop(self):
        '''
        服务停止方法
        :return:
        '''
        print("service is stopping ...")

    def restart(self):
        '''
        服务重启方法
        :return:
        '''
        self.stop()
        self.start()

#定义一个特殊运行的函数，绑定到实例server上去
def test_run():
    print("测试运行...")

server = Webserver("localhost",80)
if hasattr(server,sys.argv[1]):
    func = getattr(server,sys.argv[1])
    func()
#setattr主要作用是将一个单独定义的函数添加到实例中，对于类或者其他实例而言，该函数对其不生效
setattr(server,'run',test_run)
server.run()

#delattr可以删除类的方法、实例的成员变量
# delattr(server,'start') #尝试删除实例的方法是错误的
# delattr(server,"host") #删除实例的变量
# delattr(Webserver,'start')
# server.start() #AttributeError: 'Webserver' object has no attribute 'start'

二、socket网络编程

简单实现C/S交互实例：

示例代码：

实现简单的client与server端数据交互（一句话）

socket_server

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

import socket

ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",5000)
sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind(ip_port)
sk.listen(5)

while True:
    print("南非波波server is Listening....")
    conn,addr = sk.accept()
    client_data = conn.recv(1024)
    print(str(client_data,"utf8"))
    conn.sendall(bytes("落花不是无情物，化作春泥更护花！","utf8"))
    conn.close()

socket_client

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

import socket
ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",5000)

sk = socket.socket()
sk.connect(ip_port)

sk.sendall(bytes("夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏","utf8"))

server_reply = sk.recv(1024)
print(str(server_reply,"utf8"))
sk.close()

改善代码1：

实现多个client与server进行串行交互

socket-server1

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

import socket

ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",5000)
sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind(ip_port)
sk.listen(5)

while True:
    print("南非波波server is Listening....")
    conn,addr = sk.accept()
    client_data = conn.recv(1024)
    print(str(client_data,"utf8"))
    # conn.sendall(bytes("落花不是无情物，化作春泥更护花！","utf8"))
    while True:
        try:
            client_data = conn.recv(1024)
            if not client_data:
                break
            print("recv:",str(client_data,"utf8"))
            conn.send(client_data)
        except Exception:
            print("客户端断开!")
            break
    conn.close()

socket-client1

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''

import socket
ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",5000)

sk = socket.socket()
sk.connect(ip_port)

# sk.sendall(bytes("夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏","utf8"))

server_reply = sk.recv(1024)
print(str(server_reply,"utf8"))
while True:
    client_data = input(">>:").strip()
    if not client_data:
        continue
    if client_data == 'q':
        break
    sk.send(bytes(client_data,"utf8"))
    print(client_data)
sk.close()

最终代码：

实现简单的ssh命令交互，获取Linux系统的相关信息

socket-server2

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
import socket
import subprocess

ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",5000)  #定义服务监听的ip地址和端口
ssh = socket.socket()
ssh.bind(ip_port) #进行地址和端口绑定
ssh.listen(5) #设定做多5个并发连接

while True:
    print("南非波波Server is waiting...")
    conn,addr = ssh.accept()
    while True:
        client_data = conn.recv(1024)  #介绍client发过来的数据，最大接收字节1024
        if not client_data: #如果client_data为空，则跳出循环
            break
        cmd = str(client_data,"utf8") #获取client_data数据并进行类型和编码转换
        print("server recv:",cmd)
        cmd_call = subprocess.Popen(cmd,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE) #以原生shell命令的形式指定client的强求指定，并将结果输出到cmd_result
        cmd_result = cmd_call.stdout.read()
        if len(cmd_result) == 0: #如果命令没有结果返回，则需要给client返回一个提示，否则控制台会阻塞
            cmd_result = b"cmd execution has no output.."

        #client不能一次性接收过多的数据包，需要server端先告知client端需要传输的数据多少。然后由client端分开接收
        ack_msg = bytes("CMD_RESULT_SIZE|%s" % len(cmd_result),"utf8") #发送数据传输认证标志
        conn.send(ack_msg)
        client_ack = conn.recv(50)
        if client_ack.decode() == 'CLIENT_READY_TO_RECV':
            conn.send(cmd_result) #数据传输
    conn.close()

socket-client2

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
import socket

ip_port = ("127.0.0.1",5000)
ssh_client = socket.socket()
ssh_client.connect(ip_port)

while True:
    user_input = input("ssh-client:").strip()
    if len(user_input) == 0:
        continue
    if user_input == 'q':
        break
    ssh_client.send(bytes(user_input,'utf8'))
    #ack_msg = b"CMD_RESULT_SIZE|%s" % len(cmd_result)
    server_ack_msg = ssh_client.recv(100)
    cmd_res_msg = str(server_ack_msg.decode()).split("|")
    if cmd_res_msg[0] == "CMD_RESULT_SIZE":
        cmd_res_size = int(cmd_res_msg[1])
        ssh_client.send(b"CLIENT_READY_TO_RECV")
    res = ''
    received_size = 0
    while received_size < cmd_res_size:
        server_data = ssh_client.recv(500)
        received_size += len(server_data)
        res += str(server_data.decode())
    else:
        print(res)
        print("-----------recv don----------")
ssh_client.close()