Django工程的建立以及小网站的编写
这篇博文会详细的介绍如何创建django工程，介绍我如何做了第一个网站。本文基于windows7安装了python2.7.12，Django1.8.18(LTS)版。采用的IDE为pycharm。建议安装Django的时候采用pip安装，因为可能自己电脑环境缺少哪个包的话，pip能给你安装完全。命令是
pip install django==1.8.
本文的目的是建立一个小网站，能够在测试过程中随时记录所出现的bug，网站命名为Buglist，根据描述，便知道主要的用途就是和数据库交互，并且是在Linux服务器上部署，所以采用mysql数据库，并且还要记录是谁进行登陆，记录这些bug,所以要用django的后台管理页面。so，创建一个buglist工程吧。
让我们看看Django项目的结构：
|- buglist/
|- manage.py
|- templates/
|- buglist/
|- __init__.py
|- settings.py
|- urls.py
|- wsgi.py
manage.py: 一个命令行交互文件，用于显示项目的运行情况，不用对这个文件做任何修改。
- templates/:用来存放静态文件，css,js,ico文件等等
- buglist/: 你项目的目录下包含着以下文件：
- __init__.py ： 空的Python文件，用来告诉Python将这个项目目录视为一个Python模块。
- settings.py ： 项目的配置和设置文件，用命令行生成的Django项目会自动生成默认配置。
- urls.py ： URL配置文件，每一行URL都对应一个相应的视图（view）
- uwsgi.py ： 配置您的项目，让它作为一个WSGI程序运行。
在工程中新建文件夹
此时需要在settings.py文件中修改几个地方，数据库
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'buglist',
'USER':'buglist',
'PASSWORD':'buglist',
'HOST':'', ----此处默认即为本地数据库
'PORT':'', -----此处默认即为mysql默认端口
}
}
时区及静态文件夹的设置
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')
STATICFILES_DIRS = ('static/css',
'static/bootstrap',
'static/images',
'static/js',
)
创建一个app handle 可以采用tool --> Run manage.py Task 来创建或者采用python manage.py startapp handle来创建，不要忘记在settings.py中添加
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'handle',
)
首先完成前段部分，login.html，采用POST的方式往后台传输数据，采用了boostrap，简单易用，并且采用了模板语言
<!Doctype html>
{% load staticfiles %}
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<meta name="description" content="BugList">
<link rel="icon" href="{% static "images/favicon.ico" %}" type="image/x-icon"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "login.css" %}" type="text/css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "css/bootstrap.min.css"%}" type="text/css"/>
<title>BugList</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
<div class="account-wall">
<h1 class="text-center login-title">Sign in to continue</h1>
<form class="form-signin" method="POST" action="/login/">
{% csrf_token %}
<input name="user" type="user" class="form-control" id="user" placeholder="Username" required autofocus>
<input name="password" type="password" class="form-control" id= 'password' placeholder="Password" required>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" id="">Sign in</button>
<p style="color: red;text-align: center;"> {{ loginstatus }} </p>
</form> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div> <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "jquery-3.2.0.min.js" %}" ></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "js/bootstrap.min.js" %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
web模板，采用模板语言的话就是扩展性比较好,layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load staticfiles %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<link rel="icon" href="{% static "favicon.ico" %} " type="image/x-icon" /> <title>BugList</title> <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="{% static "css/bootstrap.min.css" %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link href="{% static "dashboard.css" %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="{% static "custom.css" %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
{% block css %}
{% endblock %}
</head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<div class="navbar-brand"><a style='text-decoration:none;' href="/">BugList</a></div>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li class="dropdown">
{% if user.is_active %}
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="login_user">{{ user.username }}<span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="/logout/">logout</a></li>
</ul>
{% endif %}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav> <div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-2 col-md-2 sidebar">
<ul class="nav nav-sidebar" id="bar">
<li ><a href="/overview/">Overview</a></li>
<li ><a href="/search/" >Search Errors</a></li>
<li ><a href="/record/" >Record Errors</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
{% block con %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static "jquery-3.2.0.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/bootstrap.min.js"%}"></script>
<script src="{% static "custom.js" %}"></script>
{% block js %}
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
登陆首页，index.html
{% extends "web/layout.html" %}
{% block con %}
<h1>Welcome to BugList Service</h1>
{% endblock %}
概览页面 overview.html
{% extends "web/layout.html" %}
{% block con %}
<h2 class="sub-header">Overviews</h2>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>numbers</th>
<th>title</th>
<th>auther</th>
<th>time</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for record in context_obj %}
<tr>
<th><a href="/deltails/{{record.id }}">{{ record.id }}</a> </th>
<th>{{ record.title }}</th>
<th>{{ record.auther }}</th>
<th>{{ record.time }}</th>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
{% endblock %}
记录页面 record.html
{% extends "web/layout.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% block css %}
<link href="{% static "dcalendar.picker.css" %}" rel="stylesheet"/>
{% endblock %}
{% block con %}
<h2 class="sub-header">Record</h2>
<div class="container" id = "record">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="time">  title  </label>
<input type="text" id="title" size="30" name="title"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="details">details</label>
<br/>
<textarea name="details" cols="100" rows="5" id="details"></textarea>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label><input type="checkbox" />Check me out</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" id="Submit">Submit</button>
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
$("#Submit").click(function () {
var myDate = new Date();
var time = myDate.toLocaleDateString().replace(/\//g,"-");
var title = $("#title").val();
var details = $("#details").val();
if ((title && title.trim()) && (details && details.trim())){
data = {'title':title,'details':details,'time':time};
AjaxRequest('/counts/',data,null);
$("#title").val("");
$("#details").val("") ;
}
});
});
</script>
{% endblock %}
详情页面 details.html
{% extends "web/layout.html" %}
{% block con %}
<h2 class="sub-header">Deltails</h2>
<div class="blog-header">
<h1 class="blog-title">{{ record.title }}</h1>
<p class="lead blog-description">      auther: {{ record.auther }}</p>
<p class="lead blog-description">      time: {{ record.time }}</p>
<p class="lead blog-description">  details: </p>
<hr/>
<p>
{{ record.details }}
</p>
</div>
{% endblock %}
搜索页面 search.html
{% extends "web/layout.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "dcalendar.picker.css" %}"/>
{% endblock %}
{% block con %}
<h2 class="sub-header">Search</h2>
<div class="container">
<div id="div_to_search">
<label for="Auther">Auther</label>
<input type="text" name="Auther" id="Auther_to_serach" />
<label for="StartTime">StartTime</label>
<input type="text" name="StartTime" id="StartTime" />
<label for="EndTime">EndTime</label>
<input type="text" name="EndTime" id="EndTime"/>
<label for="Type"> Type</label>
<select name="Type" id="Type">
<option value='All'>All</option>
<option value='Solved'>Solved</option>
<option value='Unsolved'>Unsolved</option>
</select>
<input style="width:60px;cursor:pointer;" type="submit" value='Check' id="Check"/>
</div>
<hr/>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>numbers</th>
<th>title</th>
<th>auther</th>
<th>time</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="tbody">
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "dcalendar.picker.js" %}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('#StartTime').dcalendarpicker({
format:'yyyy-mm-dd'
});
$('#EndTime').dcalendarpicker({
format:'yyyy-mm-dd'
});
function callback(arg) {
document.getElementById("tbody").innerHTML = arg;
}
$(function () {
$("#Check").click(function () {
var data = {};
var count = 0;
$("#div_to_search :text").each(function () {
data[$(this).attr('name')] = $(this).val();
$(this).val("");
});
//data['Type']=$("#div_to_search :selected").val();
$.each(data,function (i,item) {
if (!item){
count++;
}
});
if(count>2){
alert('you must input at least one parameters');
return false;
}
var st = data['StartTime'];
var et = data['EndTime'];
if ( st && et ){
if (tab(st,et)){
AjaxRequest("/search/",data,callback);
}
else{
alert('the time you input is not correct!');
}
}else{
AjaxRequest("/search/",data,callback);
}
});
});
</script>
{% endblock %}
个人写的js代码 custom.js
/**
* Created by sumoning on 2017/4/17.
*/ function AjaxRequest(url,data,func) {
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
url: url,
data:data,
cache: false,
async: true,
success: func
});
}
/*
$(function () {
$("#bar").children().click(function () {
$(this).parent().children().removeClass('active');
$(this).addClass('active');
});
});*/ function tab(date1,date2){
var oDate1 = new Date(date1);
var oDate2 = new Date(date2);
if(oDate1.getTime() > oDate2.getTime()){
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
表的设计 model.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#!_*_coding:utf-8_*_ from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User # Create your models here. class context(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
auther = models.CharField(max_length=20)
time = models.DateField()
details = models.TextField()
主url设计 buglist/url.py
"""buglist URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from handle import urls
17 from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'',include(urls)),
]
附属url 设计buglist/handle/url.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#!_*_coding:utf-8_*_ from django.conf.urls import url
import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^accounts/login/','django.contrib.auth.views.login',{'template_name':'login/login.html'}),
url(r'^login/',views.Login),
url(r'^logout/',views.Logout),
url(r'^overview/',views.Overview),
url(r'^deltails/(\d+)',views.Deltails),
url(r'^record/',views.Record),
url(r'^counts/',views.Counts),
url(r'^search/',views.Search),
url(r'^$',views.Index),
]
视图设计 buglist/handle/view.py
#/usr/bin/env python
#!_*_coding:utf-8_*_ from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.template.context import RequestContext
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from models import context
import traceback
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User # Create your views here. def Login(request):
if request.user.is_authenticated():
return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
data = {'loginstatus':'','user':''}
if request.method == "POST":
username = request.POST.get('user')
password = request.POST.get('password')
user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
if user is not None:
auth.login(request,user)
data['user'] = user
return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
data['loginstatus'] = 'your username or password id uncorrect!' return render_to_response('login/login.html',data,context_instance=RequestContext(request)) def Logout(request):
auth.logout(request)
return render_to_response('login/login.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request)) @login_required
def Index(request):
return render_to_response('web/index.html',{'user':request.user}) @login_required
def Overview(request):
context_obj = context.objects.all().order_by('-id')
return render_to_response('web/overview.html',{'context_obj':context_obj,'user':request.user}) @login_required
def Deltails(request,id):
record = context.objects.get(id=id)
return render_to_response('web/details.html',{'record':record,'user':request.user}) @login_required
def Record(request):
return render_to_response('web/record.html',{'user':request.user}) @login_required
@csrf_exempt
def Counts(request):
title,time,details= request.POST.get('title'),request.POST.get('time'),request.POST.get('details')
try:
obj = context.objects.create(title=title,time=time,details=details,auther=request.user)
return render_to_response('web/record.html', {'user': request.user})
except:
traceback.print_exc() @login_required
@csrf_exempt
def Search(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
datas = {}
str = ""
get_data = request.POST
context_obj = None
for re in get_data:
if get_data.get(re):
datas[re] = get_data.get(re)
if len(datas.keys()) == 1 :
if 'Auther' in datas.keys():
try:
context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther = datas['Auther']).order_by("-id")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
elif 'StartTime' in datas.keys():
try:
st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
no = timezone.localtime(timezone.now()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
et = datetime.datetime.strptime(no,"%Y-%m-%d").date()
context_obj = context.objects.filter(time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
elif 'EndTime' in datas.keys():
try:
st = datetime.datetime.strptime('2017-01-01', "%Y-%m-%d").date()
et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'],"%Y-%m-%d").date()
context_obj = context.objects.filter(time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
else:
pass
elif len(datas.keys()) == 2:
if 'Auther' in datas.keys():
if 'StartTime' in datas.keys():
st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
no = timezone.localtime(timezone.now()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
et = datetime.datetime.strptime(no, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
try:
context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther=datas['Auther'],time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
elif 'EndTime' in datas.keys():
try:
st = datetime.datetime.strptime('2017-01-01', "%Y-%m-%d").date()
et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther=datas['Auther'],time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
else:
pass
else:
try:
st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
context_obj = context.objects.filter(time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
else:
st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther=datas['Auther'],time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id")
for re in context_obj:
str += "<tr>"
str += "<th><a href='/deltails/%d'>%d</a> </th>" % (re.id, re.id)
str += "<th>%s</th>" % (re.title)
str += "<th>%s</th>" % (re.auther)
str += "<th>%s</th>" % (re.time)
str += "<tr>"
return HttpResponse(str) else:
return render_to_response("web/search.html",{'user':request.user})
ok，最后run就可以啦
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