序列化Serializer

序列化用于对用户请求数据进行验证和数据进行序列化（为了解决queryset序列化问题）。

那什么是序列化呢？序列化就是把对象转换成字符串，反序列化就是把字符串转换成对象

models部分

models.py

  1. from django.db import models
  2.  
  3. # Create your models here.
  4. class Group(models.Model):
  5.     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  6.     mu = models.ForeignKey(to='Menu',default=1)
  7.  
  8. class UserInfo(models.Model):
  9.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  10.     pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  11.     group = models.ForeignKey(to="Group")
  12.  
  13.     roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Role")
  14. class Menu(models.Model):
  15.     name = models.CharField(max_length=21)
  16.  
  17. class Role(models.Model):
  18.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

基本操作

  1. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  2. from rest_framework.response import Response
  3. from rest_framework import serializers
  4. from app03 import models
  5. class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     name = serializers.CharField()  #字段名字
  7.     pwd = serializers.CharField()
  8.  
  9. class UserView(APIView):
  10.     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  11.         # 方式一实现
  12.         # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.values('name','pwd','group__mu','group__title')
  13.         # print(type(user_list))
  14.         # return Response(user_list)
  15.  
  16.         # 方式二之多对象
  17.         # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()  #直接这样查会报错，借助他提供的系列化
  18.         # ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True) #可允许多个
  19.         # # print(type(ser))  #<class 'rest_framework.serializers.ListSerializer'>
  20.         # print(ser.data)  #返回的是一个有序字典
  21.  
  22.         #方式三之单对象
  23.         user = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()
  24.         ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user,many=False)
  25.  
  26.         return Response(ser.data)

views.py

跨表

  1. x1 = serializers.CharField(source='group.mu.name')
  2.    如果你想跨表拿你任何需要的数据，都可以用上面的这种操作，内部做判断，如果可用内部就加括号调用了
  1. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  2. from rest_framework.response import Response
  3. from rest_framework import serializers
  4. from app03 import models
  5. class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     name = serializers.CharField()  #字段名字
  7.     pwd = serializers.CharField()
  8.     # group = serializers.CharField()  #会显示对象
  9.     # group_id = serializers.CharField()  #会显示id
  10.     x1 = serializers.CharField(source='group.mu.name')
  11.     roles = serializers.CharField(source='roles.all') #多对多关系的这样查出的是queryset对象
  12.  
  13. class UserView2(APIView):
  14.     '''跨表操作'''
  15.     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  16.  
  17.         user = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
  18.         ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user,many=True)
  19.  
  20.         return Response(ser.data)

Views.py

复杂序列化

解决方案一

  1. class MyCharField(serializers.CharField):
  2.  
  3.     def to_representation(self, value): ##打印的是所有的数据
  4.         data_list = []
  5.         for row in value:
  6.             data_list.append(row.name)
  7.         return data_list
  8.  
  9. class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
  10.     name = serializers.CharField() # obj.name
  11.     pwd = serializers.CharField()  # obj.pwd
  12.     group_id = serializers.CharField() # obj.group_id
  13.     xxxx = serializers.CharField(source="group.title") # obj.group.title
  14.     x1 = serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name") # obj.mu.name
  15.     # x2 = serializers.CharField(source="roles.all") #  多对多关系的这样查出的是queryset对象
  16.     x2 = MyCharField(source="roles.all") # obj.mu.name

Views.py

解决方案二

  1. class MyCharField(serializers.CharField):
  2.     def to_representation(self, value):
  3.         return {'id':value.pk, 'name':value.name}
  4.  
  5. class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
  6.     name = serializers.CharField() # obj.name
  7.     pwd = serializers.CharField()  # obj.pwd
  8.     group_id = serializers.CharField() # obj.group_id
  9.     xxxx = serializers.CharField(source="group.title") # obj.group.title
  10.     x1 = serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name") # obj.mu.name
  11.     # x2 = serializers.CharField(source="roles.all") # obj.mu.name
  12.     x2 = serializers.ListField(child=MyCharField(),source="roles.all") # obj.mu.name

Views.py

解决方案三（推荐使用）

  1. class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
  2.     name = serializers.CharField() # obj.name
  3.     pwd = serializers.CharField()  # obj.pwd
  4.     group_id = serializers.CharField() # obj.group_id
  5.     xxxx = serializers.CharField(source="group.title") # obj.group.title
  6.     x1 = serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name") # obj.mu.name
  7.     # x2 = serializers.CharField(source="roles.all") # obj.mu.name
  8.     # x2 = serializers.ListField(child=MyCharField(),source="roles.all") # obj.mu.name
  9.     x2 = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
  10.  
  11.     def get_x2(self,obj):  #get_字段名
  12.         print(obj)   ##UserInfo object
  13.         obj.roles.all()
  14.         role_list = obj.roles.filter(id__gt=1)
  15.         data_list = []
  16.         for row in role_list:
  17.             data_list.append({'pk':row.pk,'name':row.name})
  18.         return data_list
  19.

Views.py

基于models

  1. class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  2. x1 = serializers.CharField(source='name')
  3. group = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='detail')
  4. class Meta:
  5.  
  6.     model = models.UserInfo
  7.     # fields = "__all__"
  8.     fields = ['name','pwd','group','x1']  #自定义字段的时候注意要指定source,scource里面的数据必须是数据库有的数据
  9.     depth = 1 #表示深度
  10.  
  11. class UsersView(APIView):
  12.     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  13.         self.dispatch
  14.         # 方式一：
  15.         # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")
  16.         # return Response(user_list)
  17.  
  18.         # 方式二之多对象
  19.         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
  20.         # [obj1,obj2,obj3]
  21.         ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)
  22.         return Response(ser.data)

Views.py

生成url

  1. class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):  #
  2.     group = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='detail')
  3.     class Meta:
  4.         model = models.UserInfo
  5.         fields = "__all__"
  6.         fields = ['name', 'pwd','group']
  7.         depth = 1
  8.  
  9. class UsersView(APIView):
  10.     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  11.         self.dispatch
  12.         # 方式一：
  13.         # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")
  14.         # return Response(user_list)
  15.  
  16.         # 方式二之多对象
  17.         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
  18.         # [obj1,obj2,obj3]
  19.         ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})
  20.         return Response(ser.data)

views.py

  1. from django.conf.urls import url,include
  2. from django.contrib import admin
  3. from app03 import views
  4. urlpatterns = [
  5.  
  6.     url(r'^users4/', views.UserView4.as_view(), name='xxx'), #吧users4的group的值反向生成users5的url
  7.     url(r'^users5/(?P<pk>.*)', views.UserView5.as_view(), name='detail'),  #必须叫pk
  8.     # url(r'^users4/(?P<pk>.*)', views.UserView4.as_view(), name='detail'),
  9. ]

urls.py

全局生成url

  1. class UsersSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): #继承他自动生成
  2.     class Meta:
  3.         model = models.UserInfo
  4.         fields = "__all__"
  5.  
  6.         # fields = ['id','name','pwd']  
  7.  
  8. class UsersView(APIView):
  9.     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  10.         self.dispatch
  11.         # 方式一：
  12.         # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")
  13.         # return Response(user_list)
  14.  
  15.         # 方式二之多对象
  16.         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
  17.         # [obj1,obj2,obj3]
  18.         ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})
  19.         return Response(ser.data)

views.py

数据验证

自定义

  1. class PasswordValidator(object):
  2.     def __init__(self, base):
  3.         self.base = base
  4.  
  5.     def __call__(self, value):
  6.         if value != self.base:
  7.             message = '用户输入的值必须是 %s.' % self.base
  8.             raise serializers.ValidationError(message)
  9.  
  10.     def set_context(self, serializer_field):
  11.         """
  12.         This hook is called by the serializer instance,
  13.         prior to the validation call being made.
  14.         """
  15.         # 执行验证之前调用,serializer_fields是当前字段对象
  16.         pass
  17.  
  18. class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
  19.         name = serializers.CharField(min_length=6)
  20.         pwd = serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空'}, validators=[PasswordValidator('')])

views.py

基于models

  1. class PasswordValidator(object):
  2.     def __init__(self, base):
  3.         self.base = base
  4.  
  5.     def __call__(self, value):
  6.         if value != self.base:
  7.             message = '用户输入的值必须是 %s.' % self.base
  8.             raise serializers.ValidationError(message)
  9.  
  10.     def set_context(self, serializer_field):
  11.         """
  12.         This hook is called by the serializer instance,
  13.         prior to the validation call being made.
  14.         """
  15.         # 执行验证之前调用,serializer_fields是当前字段对象
  16.         pass
  17.  
  18. class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  19.     class Meta:
  20.         model = models.UserInfo
  21.         fields = "__all__"
  22.         #自定义验证规则
  23.         extra_kwargs = {
  24.             'name': {'min_length': 6},
  25.             'pwd': {'validators': [PasswordValidator(666), ]}
  26.         }

views.py

使用

  1. class UsersView(APIView):
  2.     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  3.         self.dispatch
  4.         # 方式一：
  5.         # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")
  6.         # return Response(user_list)
  7.  
  8.         # 方式二之多对象
  9.         user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
  10.         # [obj1,obj2,obj3]
  11.         ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})
  12.         return Response(ser.data)
  13.  
  14.     def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  15.         ser = UsersSerializer(data=request.data)
  16.         if ser.is_valid():
  17.             print(ser.validated_data)
  18.         else:
  19.             print(ser.errors)
  20.         return Response('...')

views.py

钩子函数

  1. def validate_字段(self,validated_value):
  2.        raise ValidationError(detail='xxxxxx')
  3.        return validated_value
  4.

参考or转发

http://www.cnblogs.com/haiyan123/p/8427997.html#lable3

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