马婕 2014MBA专硕考试 报刊选读 4 朝鲜战争会爆发吗?(转)

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_3e66af4601016ela.html

War unlikely, but Koreans still on cliff edge

战争的可能性不大，但是朝韩两国依然很危险

Will a second Korean war break out? Probably not, though the most intense tensions on the peninsular since the sinking of the Cheonan in 2010 have brought unprecedented challenges to the countries involved. North Korea's constantly strengthened war rhetoric conveys a powerful message that it is deeply worried about its regime survival. The US and North Korea are still in deadlock about whether North Korea should be granted a security guarantee first or North Korea's abandonment of nuclear weapons should come first, and neither country is expected tocompromise.

第二次朝鲜战争会爆发吗？可能不会，自从发生在2010年天安舰沉没事件以来，尽管朝鲜半岛最紧张局势已经给所涉及国家带来了前所未有的挑战。朝鲜不断加强的战争言论传达了一个强有力的信息：朝鲜对其政权的生存深感忧虑。在关于朝鲜是否应先被给予安全保障还是先放弃核武器这个问题上，朝鲜和美国仍处于僵持状态，双方预计都不会妥协。

词汇解析

Break out  爆发  The war/fire/fight/epidemic broke out.--------outbreak  n  爆发

Come out 说出来，出版--------outcome 结果

Set out  出发，启程------outset   开端

dense population/traffic         ----------n  density                            稠密的

tense muscles/expression  ---------n   tension                                紧张的

intense heat//pain                                                    剧烈的疼痛

intensive care/training                                                   细致的

~ investigation                                                 深入的

extensive knowledge/damage                                      广阔的, 广泛的

sink  1 n 水池  水槽

2 沉没   The sinking of the Titanic  泰坦尼克号的沉没

E.g. A fresh egg will sink and an old egg will float.

新鲜鸡蛋会沉下去而不新鲜的会浮在上面。

Unprecedented adj 前所未有的，罕见的，空前的

词根 precede vt 先于

Unprecedented success/disaster/scandal 前所未有的成功、灾难、丑闻

e.g. The scheme has been hailed as an unprecedented success.

这个计划广受好评，被认为是一个巨大的成功。

Strong ----strength n----strengthen vt 加强

E.g. By relieving corporation tax burden and manufacturing backflow, American enterprises are supposed to strengthen their international competitiveness and decrease their unemployment rates.

希望通过降低企业税负来增强美国企业的国际竞争力，并通过制造业回流改善就业。

Survive  vt 幸存，幸免于难

E.g. Those organisms that are most suited to the environment will be those that will survive...

最适宜该环境的微生物将会存活下来。

Survivor 幸存者  survival 幸存

Security check 安检 security guarantee 安全保障

Compromise vt/n 妥协，让步，折衷---------compromising adj 折衷的，妥协的

E.g. Be ready and willing to make compromises between your needs and those of your partner...

时刻准备好并乐意在自己与伴侣的需求之间作出让步。

The government has compromised with critics over the monetary policy

政府已经就货币政策像批评人士妥协

For a long time North Korea has believed the annual US and South Korea's joint military drillsare aimed at overthrowing its regime, including the latest "Key Resolve" and "Foal Eagle" exercises, but that they do not become actual wars because of North Korea's nuclear weapon capabilities. This belief was strengthened when the Western countries overthrew then Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) accused the US of having removednuclear capabilities from Libya through negotiations as a precursor to invasion. That's a key reason behind North Korea's satellite launch last December and for the third nuclear test in February after the US turned a deaf ear to its messages of willingness to dialogue.

长久以来，朝鲜认为美国和韩国的联合军演目的是为了颠覆其政权，其中包括最近的“关键决心”和“秃鹫”，但是他们认为这些军演不会成为真正的战争，是因为朝鲜拥有核武器。2011年西方国家颠覆了利比亚卡扎菲政权，使得朝鲜人深信不疑。朝鲜中央通讯社指责美国通过谈判解除利比亚的核能力，但是这又成为入侵的先决条件。这是朝鲜在去年十二月发射卫星的关键原因，也是今年二月美国对其对话意愿置若罔闻之后进行第三次核试验的原因。

词汇解析

Joint military drills 联合军事演习

Joint adj 联合的，共同的 joint company 合资公司 joint efforts 共同努力

N 关节

They didn’t make a joint decision on where they would live

Overthrow=overturn   vt 推翻，垮台

e.g. He accused his opponents of wanting to overturn the government.

他指责反对派企图颠覆政府。

overtake/overwhelm 压倒

e.g. Lung cancer has now overtaken breast cancer as a cause of death for women in the US...

肺癌现在已经取代乳腺癌成为美国女性的一大杀手。

From the moment Edward had told her of the escape attempt, she had been overtaken by a sense of impending doom.

自从爱德华告诉她打算逃跑的那一刻起，她便强烈感到厄运在一步步逼近。

Sightseers may be a little overwhelmed by the crowds and noise.

拥挤的人群和喧闹的噪音可能会让游客有些茫然不知所措。

Overdraw=overdraft 透支

Overflow 溢出

Overestimate 高估

Accuse sb of doing sth 指责、控告=charge sb with sth

E.G. Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.

她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。

Negotiate vt 谈判，协商

e.g. A better approach is to negotiate a compromise. 更好的方法就是协商妥协

precursor campaign 前兆战役

precursor 前兆，预兆 鲜卑

e.g. He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.

他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。

Turn a deaf ear 置若罔闻

Though it knows China will do its utmost to prevent any trouble at its doorstep, North Korea is equally aware whether China is prepared to get involved in a war remains an unknown factor, and that the US has taken many unilateral military actions without other powers' consent in the past decade. It's unlikely the North Korean regime, which is desperate to survive, will provoke a war that will equivalent to suicide, especially after its brinkmanship has worked on South Korea.

虽然朝鲜深知中国会尽最大努力防止任何事情在家门口发生，但是朝鲜也同样意识到了，中国是否会参与此次战争仍然是个未知数。在过去十年，美国未经其他国家的同意已经那个采取了许多单边军事行动。孤注一掷的朝鲜不会挑起一场等同于自杀的战争，尤其在其边缘政策在韩国起作用之后。

词汇解析

Aware  be aware of =be conscious of 意识到，知道 =know 写作文要用

e.g. Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health.

吸烟的人都知道吸烟对自身健康的危害。

He should have been aware of what his junior officers were doing.

他本应该清楚自己下级们的所作所为。

He must have been aware that my parents' marriage was breaking up.

他一定已经知道我父母的婚姻即将破裂。

Awareness=consciousness 意识

Unilateral 单边的   bilateral 双边的

Desperate adj 绝望的，孤注一掷的

e.g. Troops are needed to help get food into Kosovo where people are in desperate need...

需要军队帮助将科索沃人民亟需的食品送抵那里。

They'd been married nearly four years and June was desperate to start a family...

他们结婚已快4年了，琼非常渴望要个孩子。

Provoke vt 引起，激起，煽动

e.g. His election success has provoked a shocked reaction...

他的当选引起一片震惊。

The destruction of the mosque has provoked anger throughout the Muslim world.

毁坏清真寺的行为激怒了整个伊斯兰世界。

Be equivalent to 等同于

Even the cheapest car costs the equivalent of 70 years' salary for a government worker.

即使是最便宜的汽车，价格也相当于一个公务员70年的薪水。

Commit suicide 自杀

On Thursday, South Korean President Park Geun-hye for the first time proposed to hold dialogue with the North and provide humanitarian aid. Park's turning point will not only likely bring concrete material aid to the North, but also be portrayed as a big victory of the North over the South to consolidate Kim Jong-un's leadership. On the same day Park released the sign to easetensions, the KCNA claimed that South Korea is already in chaos and South Koreans "buy out food and daily necessities out of extreme war-phobia" and foreigners residing in the South are rushing to evacuate.

周四，朝鲜总统朴槿惠首次提议与朝鲜进行对话，并且提供人道主义援助。朴槿惠态度的转变不仅有可能给朝鲜带来实际的物质援助，而且也被媒体描述为朝鲜战胜韩国的一大胜利，从而巩固了金正恩的领导地位。当天朴槿惠发车缓解紧张局势的信号，朝鲜中央通讯社报道称，韩国已经处于一片混乱，韩国国民由于极度的战争恐惧症购空了食物和日常必需品，居住在韩国的外国人急于从韩国撤离。

Human beings 人类

Humanity 人性，人道，人文科学

Humanitarian  人道主义的

Consolidate 巩固，合并

But change brought about the growth and consolidation of the working class...

但是变革使得工人阶级发展壮大起来。

release news/ energy/ suspect                                                释放，发布

relieve pressure/ pain                                               减轻，缓解

reveal a secrecy/ mystery/the end of a story                                       揭示

Studies ~ that …                                                   显示

Ease/alleviate/relieve the tension/pain/pressure  缓解疼痛、压力、紧张

Necessary ------necessity 必要性---necessities 生活必需品

Evacuate vt 撤离，疏散

The fire is threatening about sixty homes, and residents have evacuated the area.

大火正威胁着大约60户人家，居民已经从该地区撤离。

Reside 居住-------resident 居民

Such reports are targeted at domestic readers who lack access to other information sources, in order to arouse their confidence in Kim Jong-un's "capabilities" to defeat South Korea and the US upon the first anniversary of his taking over the top leadership. Despite the limited chance of North Korea truly provoking a war, it is highly possible it might launch its missiles but not attack any city as it claimed, or that it could replicate an incident like the Cheonan sinking.

这些报道是针对那些缺乏其他信息来源的国内读者，目的是为了激起他们对于金正恩有能力击败韩国和美国的信心，此时正值金正恩接管最高领导人一周年。尽管朝鲜挑起战争的可能性非常有限，但是朝鲜很有可能发射导弹，但是不会袭击其宣称的目标城市，或者只是想复制另一起天安舰事件。

Target 目标  The missiles missed the target。 导弹未击中目标。

Domestic 国内的，家庭的，家养的

e.g She was kind and domestic and put her family before her part-time job.

她人很好也顾家，把家庭看得比兼职工作更为重要

Domestic departure 国内离港  domestic market  国内市场

Source of news/information   来源，源头

Human resources/natural resources/mineral resources 人力资源、自然资源、矿物资源

Launch a war 发动战争  launch a missile 发射导弹

Replicate 复制，复现

He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.

他邀请她到他的实验室看她能否复制该实验。

South Korean officials and media's judgment that North Korea is playing a psychological game hasirritated the North. The North cannot end the current game with only a war of words after it hasmobilized its people to prepare for a fight, or else Kim's image will be damaged at home. North Korea's nuclear tests have already endangered China the most, through the huge nuclear radiation risks to China's Northeast, the possibility of damaging the development of the Northeast, and the provision of a justification for the US to strengthen its military presence in Asia. There is a heated debate over North Korea in China, and the US will grab the opportunity to reach as much consensus as possible on how to deal with North Korea.

韩国官员及其媒体认为韩国正在玩一场心理游戏判断激怒了朝鲜。朝鲜在其动员了所有国民准备战斗之后，他们不会结束只是口水战的游戏，否则有损金正恩在国内的形象。朝鲜的核试验已经危及到了中国的利益，中国的东北部会有大量的和放射的风险，也有可能破坏东北的发展，也为美国加强其在亚洲的军事存在提供了合理理由。朝鲜问题在中国引起热议，美国将会抓住机会再如何朝鲜问题上尽可能地达成共识。

词汇解析

Psychology 生理学 philosophy 哲学

Irritate 刺激，使发怒

e.g Not surprisingly, her teacher is getting irritated with her.

毫不奇怪，她的老师有点被她惹恼了。

Just adj 公正的 ----justify vt 证明。。。有理----justification 辩解，正当理由

e.g. No argument can justify a war...

任何理由都不能为战争开脱。

Conscious adj-----consciousness 意识

He is acutely conscious that this transition will bring with it the risk of social unrest.

他非常清楚这种转变伴随着社会动乱的危险。

conscience   according to one’s ~/ a bad ~                              良知，良心

Consensus  一致，同意

The consensus amongst the world's scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.世界各国科学家一致认为在未来几十年里地球有可能变暖。

 

North Korea might keep silent on whether it has the capability to arm a ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead. North Korea needs to flex its nuclear muscles both abroad and at home: The stronger it is, it believes, the safer the regime is. But North Korea shouldn't forget that the US misjudgment that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction led to the Iraq War, even without UNendorsement.

朝鲜可能在其是否有能力装载具有核弹头的弹道导弹问题上会保持沉默，朝鲜需要在国内外展示其和能力。朝鲜认为，核能力越强，他们的国家越安全。但是朝鲜不会忘记美国错误判断伊拉克拥有大量杀伤性核武器引起的伊拉克战争，甚至都没有经过联合的批准。

Endorse 批准，赞同，支持

I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly.

我可以全力支持他们的意见。

North Korea's determination to own nuclear weapons will also affect China's North Korean policy, with some even advocating abandoning North Korea. Such proposal will in turn enhance North Korea's sense of insecurity and make it believe neither China nor Russia can truly protect it. It will be more determined to own nuclear weapons, even if China promises to provide a nuclear umbrella. Although there is no war in sight yet, bigger risks are embedded in this conflict. For a long time to come, the Korean nuclear issue will remain a bomb that can explode any time.

朝鲜决心拥有自己的核武器也影响了中国对朝鲜的外交政策，有些人甚至主张放弃朝鲜。这样的提议反过来会加强朝鲜的不安全感，他们会认为不管是中国还是俄罗斯都不会真正保护朝鲜。他们会更加坚定拥有自己核武器的决心，即使中国承诺提供核保护伞。尽管目前没有战争，但是在这次冲突中，夹杂着更大的风险。在未来很长一段时间，朝鲜的核问题依然是一个随时都可能爆炸的炸弹。

词汇解析

affect  v. 影响 ~ health/ ~ mood; （使）感动deeply ~ed by the news

affection  n. 友爱, 爱情, 影响 fix one's ~ on  sb./ the deep ~ between parents and kids

effect  v. 造成 What he said ~ed a change of my opinions.

effective  a. 有效的, 有作用的 ~ method/ measures

embed 把。。嵌入 深留记忆

I think that hatred of the other is deeply embedded in our society.

我觉得对异己的仇恨在我们的社会中根深蒂固。