linux系统下开发环境安装与配置

安装系统环境

CentOS 6.8 64位

jdk版本

7u80 64位

Tomcat版本

Tomcat7

maven版本

Apache Maven 3.6.0

vsftpd版本

vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64

Nginx版本

nginx-1.14.2

mysql版本

mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64

git版本

git version 2.18.0

阿里源配置

#备份
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
#下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
#生成缓存
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

设置开机时关闭防火墙

[root@192 vsftpd]# chkconfig iptables off

jdk安装

下载

清理系统默认自带jdk

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep jdk
java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.38-1.13.10.4.el6.x86_64
java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.99-2.6.5.1.el6.x86_64
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum remove java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.38-1.13.10.4.el6.x86_64
[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum remove java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.99-2.6.5.1.el6.x86_64

授权

[root@192 soft]# chmod 777 jdk-7u80-linux-x64.rpm 

安装

[root@192 soft]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u80-linux-x64.rpm 

默认安装路径/user/java

jdk配置环境变量,编辑/etc/profile文件，末尾追加

#jdk
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

使得/etc/profile文件立即生效

[root@192 apache-maven-3.6.0]# source /etc/profile

Tomcat安装

下载

解压

[root@192 soft]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.93.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

Tomcat配置环境变量,编辑/etc/profile文件，末尾追加

#tomcat
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/module/apache-tomcat-7.0.93
export PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

使得/etc/profile文件立即生效

[root@192 apache-maven-3.6.0]# source /etc/profile

配置UTF-8字符集，进入Tomcat安装的conf文件夹，编辑server.xml文件，找到配置8080默认端口的位置，在xml节点末尾增加URIEncoding="UTF-8"

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />

启动Tomcat，进入/opt/module/apache-tomcat-7.0.93/bin目录，执行./startup.sh

访问http://192.168.1.104:8080/

Maven安装

下载

解压

[root@192 soft]# tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.0-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

Maven配置环境变量,编辑/etc/profile文件，末尾追加

#maven
export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/module/apache-maven-3.6.0
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

使得/etc/profile文件立即生效

[root@192 apache-maven-3.6.0]# source /etc/profile

验证

[root@192 apache-maven-3.6.0]# mvn -version

vsftpd安装

安装

[root@192 apache-maven-3.6.0]# yum -y install vsftpd

查看是否已安装

[root@192 apache-maven-3.6.0]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64

默认配置文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

创建虚拟用户

根目录下创建ftp文件夹

[root@192 vsftpd]# cd /
[root@192 /]# mkdir ftpfile

添加匿名用户

[root@192 /]# useradd ftpuser -d /ftpfile/ -s /sbin/nologin 

修改ftpfile权限

[root@192 /]# chown -R ftpuser.ftpuser /ftpfile/

重设ftpuser密码

[root@192 /]# passwd ftpuser

将刚刚新增的虚拟用户添加到此配置文件中

[root@192 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
[root@192 vsftpd]# vim chroo_list
[root@192 bin]# cat /etc/vsftpd/chroo_list
ftpuser

编辑配置文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，末尾追加

local_root=/ftpfile
anon_root=/ftpfile
use_localtime=YES
anonymous_enable=no

登录验证的时候出现500提示,编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，设置SELINUX=disabled

[root@192 vsftpd]# vim /etc/selinux/config

如果还报500，执行

[root@192 vsftpd]# setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1

设置开启启动vsftpd服务

[root@192 vsftpd]# chkconfig vsftpd on

访问ftp://192.168.1.104/

安装Nginx

下载

安装依赖gcc、pcre、zlib、openssl

[root@192 vsftpd]# yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

解压

[root@192 soft]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

编译安装

[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# pwd
/opt/module/nginx-1.14.2
[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# ./configure
[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# make
[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# make install

查看Nginx安装目录、版本

[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2

测试配置文件nginx.conf的正确性

[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -t

启动Nginx

[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root       5606      1  0 01:02 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody     5607   5606  0 01:02 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       5626   2868  0 01:09 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx

停止Nginx

[root@192 nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

访问http://192.168.1.104/

Nginx配置虚拟域名

配置虚拟域名映射

[root@192 vhost]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

#centos
#192.168.1.104  www.imooc.com
127.0.0.1 www.imooc.com

测试

[root@192 sbin]# ping www.imooc.com
PING www.imooc.com (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.013 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms

编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件，追加

 ###########################vhost##############################################
    include vhost/*.conf;

在/usr/local/nginx/conf目录下，新建vhost文件夹

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost目录下，新建域名转发www.mytest.com.conf配置文件

[root@192 vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/www.mytest.com.conf
#Start www.mytest.com
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name  www.mytest.com;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log combined;
    index  index.html index.htm index.php;

    if ( $query_string ~* ".*[\;'\<\>].*" ){
	return 404;
     }

    # send request back to apach
    location / {
       proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/;
   }
}

访问www.mytest.com

Nginx配置静态资源转发

编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件，追加

 ###########################vhost##############################################
    include vhost/*.conf;

在/usr/local/nginx/conf目录下，新建vhost文件夹

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost目录下，新建域名转发www.mytest.com.conf配置文件

[root@192 vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/www.mytest.com.conf
#Start www.mytest.com
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name  www.mytest.com;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log combined;
    index  index.html index.htm index.php;

    if ( $query_string ~* ".*[\;'\<\>].*" ){
	return 404;
     }

    # send request back to apach
    location / {
       root /ftpfile/;
   }
}

mysql安装

安装

[root@192 ~]# yum -y install mysql-server

配置字符集,编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，追加

#utf8
default-character-set=utf8

设置mysql服务随系统自动启动

[root@192 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@192 ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld         	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭

启动mysql服务

[root@192 ~]# service mysqld start
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定]

登录，使用非密码登录

[root@192 mysql]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

查看mysql的用户

mysql> select user,host,password from  mysql.user;
+------+---------------+----------+
| user | host          | password |
+------+---------------+----------+
| root | localhost     |          |
| root | 192.168.1.104 |          |
| root | 127.0.0.1     |          |
|      | localhost     |          |
|      | 192.168.1.104 |          |
+------+---------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除匿名用户

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

刷新，立即生效

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改root密码

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password("000000");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

插入mysql新用户

mysql> insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values("localhost","admin",password("000000"));
Query OK, 1 row affected, 3 warnings (0.01 sec)

查看用户权限

mysql> select * from mysql.user \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Host: localhost
                 User: root
             Password: *032197AE5731D4664921A6CCAC7CFCE6A0698693
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: Y
          Create_priv: Y
            Drop_priv: Y
          Reload_priv: Y
        Shutdown_priv: Y
         Process_priv: Y
            File_priv: Y
           Grant_priv: Y
      References_priv: Y
           Index_priv: Y
           Alter_priv: Y
         Show_db_priv: Y
           Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
     Lock_tables_priv: Y
         Execute_priv: Y
      Repl_slave_priv: Y
     Repl_client_priv: Y
     Create_view_priv: Y
       Show_view_priv: Y
  Create_routine_priv: Y
   Alter_routine_priv: Y
     Create_user_priv: Y
           Event_priv: Y
         Trigger_priv: Y
             ssl_type:
           ssl_cipher:
          x509_issuer:
         x509_subject:
        max_questions: 0
          max_updates: 0
      max_connections: 0
 max_user_connections: 0
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.1.104
                 User: root
             Password:
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: Y
          Create_priv: Y
            Drop_priv: Y
          Reload_priv: Y
        Shutdown_priv: Y
         Process_priv: Y
            File_priv: Y
           Grant_priv: Y
      References_priv: Y
           Index_priv: Y
           Alter_priv: Y
         Show_db_priv: Y
           Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
     Lock_tables_priv: Y
         Execute_priv: Y
      Repl_slave_priv: Y
     Repl_client_priv: Y
     Create_view_priv: Y
       Show_view_priv: Y
  Create_routine_priv: Y
   Alter_routine_priv: Y
     Create_user_priv: Y
           Event_priv: Y
         Trigger_priv: Y
             ssl_type:
           ssl_cipher:
          x509_issuer:
         x509_subject:
        max_questions: 0
          max_updates: 0
      max_connections: 0
 max_user_connections: 0
*************************** 3. row ***************************
                 Host: 127.0.0.1
                 User: root
             Password:
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: Y
          Create_priv: Y
            Drop_priv: Y
          Reload_priv: Y
        Shutdown_priv: Y
         Process_priv: Y
            File_priv: Y
           Grant_priv: Y
      References_priv: Y
           Index_priv: Y
           Alter_priv: Y
         Show_db_priv: Y
           Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
     Lock_tables_priv: Y
         Execute_priv: Y
      Repl_slave_priv: Y
     Repl_client_priv: Y
     Create_view_priv: Y
       Show_view_priv: Y
  Create_routine_priv: Y
   Alter_routine_priv: Y
     Create_user_priv: Y
           Event_priv: Y
         Trigger_priv: Y
             ssl_type:
           ssl_cipher:
          x509_issuer:
         x509_subject:
        max_questions: 0
          max_updates: 0
      max_connections: 0
 max_user_connections: 0
*************************** 4. row ***************************
                 Host: localhost
                 User: admin
             Password: *032197AE5731D4664921A6CCAC7CFCE6A0698693
          Select_priv: N
          Insert_priv: N
          Update_priv: N
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
          Reload_priv: N
        Shutdown_priv: N
         Process_priv: N
            File_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
         Show_db_priv: N
           Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
      Repl_slave_priv: N
     Repl_client_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
     Create_user_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
             ssl_type:
           ssl_cipher:
          x509_issuer:
         x509_subject:
        max_questions: 0
          max_updates: 0
      max_connections: 0
 max_user_connections: 0
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查库，新建database数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database mytest default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| mytest             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

本地用户赋予所有权限、给账号开通外网所有权限

mysql> grant all privileges on mytest.* to admin@'%' identified by '000000' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant select,delete,create on mytest.* to admin@'192.168.1.104' identified by '000000' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

导入sql文件

mysql> source /opt/module/mmall.sql

git安装

下载

解压

[root@192 ~]# tar -zxvf git-2.18.0.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

安装依赖

[root@192 ~]# yum -y install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker cpio

编译安装

[root@192 git-2.18.0]# make prefix=/usr/local/ install

验证

[root@192 ~]# git --version
git version 2.18.0

生成公私密钥对

[root@192 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "782125244@qq.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
85:1e:ef:5a:33:ab:e7:79:a4:46:f6:8e:8f:7f:af:cd 782125244@qq.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|         .       |
|        o .      |
|       . +       |
|        S .      |
|         .o .    |
|         o=+     |
|         o+Bo .o |
|        o=*=+..oE|
+-----------------+

复制公钥粘贴到码云或者GitHub上SSH公钥上

[root@192 .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA1sZvTnjQyVn7r2C7G9Q/WyVTTmJYqWhQdVfh3tBCUX8kJHaAcThwR4sl8ROz6xXl/22wbzlsKtfsiyr5zrV0Ifnq7KuCeNVNUYjOQCTn+ODaRzdj7DYC4Mz9BvxZAr0MDfSbgpLp6ZLAvZlkP3DioOPda7VnfJSAHGEYztOVPITj31pVnP1nXkPZRQlsTwImXEGJpuU+zOaurMShpaukrY/ONxWHR6xlG5M1FgOLdBvEnlbhOFoME1HHziI4/08Xw/NrHIUhvjZZgkAzWUo5NvYZLEwrUjOPtlVxHbYwBEtgBWRgWLFMfTlxQnEJVKzbwUDPLvZWac9WSpGLx5xiww== 782125244@qq.com

配置用户名、邮箱，提交时会引用

[root@192 mytest]# git config --global user.name "shenlibng"
[root@192 mytest]# git config --global user.email "782125244@qq.com"
[root@192 mytest]# git config --global core.autocrlf false
[root@192 mytest]# git config --global core.quotepath off
[root@192 mytest]# git config --global gui.encoding utf-8

开启防火墙配置

查看防火墙初始化配置

[root@192 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

开放Tomcat端口

重启生效防火墙

[root@192 ~]# service iptables restart
iptables：将链设置为政策 ACCEPT：filter                    [确定]
iptables：清除防火墙规则：                                 [确定]
iptables：正在卸载模块：                                   [确定]
iptables：应用防火墙规则：                                 [确定]

查看防火墙状态

[root@192 ~]# service iptables status
表格：filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source               destination
1    ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2    ACCEPT     icmp --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
3    ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
4    ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           state NEW tcp dpt:22
5    ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp dpt:8080
6    REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source               destination
1    REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source               destination