ADG环境搭建

一：实验环境介绍
PC机系统： CentOS 6.5（64位）
数据库版本： Oracle 11gR2 11.2.0.4 （64位）
IP地址规划：
主数据库
10.110.9.41
SID：orapri
db_name:orapri
db_unique_name：orapri
备份数据库
10.110.9.40
SID：orastd
db_name:orapri
db_unique_name：orastd
二：安装数据库软件前的系统配置 （主库和备库端都要做下列操作），如果是PDT系统安装数据库可以省略此步
1.装包
binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh numactl-devel glibc-headers
现在是通过yum方式进行安装的。
2.创建相关的组与用户：
groupadd dba
groupadd oinstall
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
passwd oracle
3.创建所需的目录并赋予特定的属主和属组
mkdir -p /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall/opt/local/oracle
chmod -R755/opt/local/oracle
4.修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件，在最下新增
#setting oracle
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=3276861000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

--以前系统已经配置参数
kernel.shmall = 4294967296 oracle官网推荐值2097152，系统现有的值4294967296需修改，推荐值（内存大小KB/4KB）
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736Minimum: 536870912Maximum: 比物理内存小1个字节的值 建议：超过物理内存的80%

后需执行sysctl -p命令使其生效.
5.修改vi /etc/pam.d/login文件，在最下新增(使/etc/security/limits.conf 文件配置生效)
#setting oracle
session required pam_limits.so
6.修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件，在最下新增
#setting oracle
oracle soft nproc 65535
oracle hard nproc 65535
oracle soft nofile 65535
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
7.修改参数配置文件/etc/profile，新增
#setting oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/local/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_PID=oradb
export ORACLE_SID=oradb
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
8.在root用户下执行以下命令
usermod -G oinstall root
9.使用oracle用户登录服务器，修改~/.bash_profile文件，新增
#setting oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/local/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_PID=oradb
export ORACLE_SID=oradb
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
10.修改主备机名编辑主备机/etc/hosts文件
主：
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.110.9.41 primary

备：
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.110.9.40 standy

三：开始安装oracle11g数据库软件 （主库和备库端都要做下列操作）
安装过程：详见《VOS系统oracle数据库安装配置使用说明书》
注意：主库在安装完软件后需要进行DBCA建库操作，推荐不要启用归档模式，会节省时间，备库端不要建库！可以开启监听程序
四：开始搭建Dataguard
1：将数据库改为强制日志模式 （此步骤只在主库上做）
[oracle@primary ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 31 21:35:05 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select name,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

NAME LOG_MODE FORCE_LOG
--------------------------- ------------------------------------ ---------
ORAPRI ARCHIVELOG NO

SQL>
SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select name,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

NAME LOG_MODE FORCE_LOG
--------------------------- ------------------------------------ ---------
ORAPRI ARCHIVELOG YES
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@primary ~]$
2：创建密码文件 （此步骤只在主库上做）
注意：两端分别创建自己的密码文件好像有问题，备库的密码文件需要跟主库一致，否则导致日志传输不到备库，有待验证。我最后是将主库的密码文件直接copy到备库，重命名后使用。
[oracle@primary ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@primary dbs]$ ls
hc_orapri.dat initorapri.ora lkORAPRI orapwpri spfileorapri.ora
init.ora lkORADB orapworapri snapcf_orapri.f spfileorapri.ora_bak
[oracle@primary dbs]$
已经有一个密码文件了
[oracle@primary dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwpri password=sysdba force=y
这条命令可以手动生成密码文件，force=y的意思是强制覆盖当前已有的密码文件（如果有可以不建立）

将主库的密码文件copy给备库，并重命名
[oracle@primary dbs]$ scp orapwpri 10.110.9.40:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstd
3：创建standby redolog日志组 （此步骤只在主库上做）
原则：
1：standby redo log的文件大小与primary 数据库online redo log 文件大小相同
2：standby redo log日志文件组的个数依照下面的原则进行计算：
Standby redo log组数公式>=(每个instance日志组个数+1)*instance个数
假如只有一个节点，这个节点有三组redolog，
所以Standby redo log组数>=(3+1)*1 == 4
所以至少需要创建4组Standby redo log
查看当前线程与日志组的对应关系及日志组的大小：
SQL> select thread#,group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;

THREAD# GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------------
1 1 50
1 2 50
1 3 50

SQL>
如上，我现在的环境有三组redolog，每个日志组的大小都是50M，
所以Standby redo log组数>=(3+1)*1== 4
所以至少需要创建4组Standby redo log，大小均为50M
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# MEMBER
---------- --------------------------------------------------
3 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/redo03.log
2 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/redo02.log
1 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/redo01.log

3 rows selected.

SQL>
先手动创建standby log日志组所需的目录：（创建新目录只是为了便于区分，并非必须）
[oracle@primary dbs]$ cd /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/
[oracle@primary oradata]$ mkdir standbylog
新建4个日志组作为standby redolog日志组，大小与原来的日志组一致：
由于已经存在group1-3,，所以group号只能从4开始
SQL>
alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo04.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo05.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo06.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo07.log' size 50m;
SQL>
查看standby 日志组的信息：
SQL> set linesize 1000
SQL> select group#,sequence#,status, bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;

GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------------
4 0 UNASSIGNED 50
5 0 UNASSIGNED 50
6 0 UNASSIGNED 50
7 0 UNASSIGNED 50

SQL>
查看当前有哪些日志组及其成员：
SQL> set pagesize 100
SQL> col member for a60
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile order by group#;

GROUP# MEMBER
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/redo01.log
2 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/redo02.log
3 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/redo03.log
4 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo04.log
5 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo05.log
6 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo06.log
7 /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog/std_redo07.log
4：修改主库的pfile参数文件 （此步骤只在主库上做）
创建pfile文件
SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL>
修改pfile文件
orapri.__db_cache_size=1040187392
orapri.__java_pool_size=16777216
orapri.__large_pool_size=33554432
orapri.__oracle_base='/opt/local/oracle/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orapri.__pga_aggregate_target=838860800
orapri.__sga_target=1442840576
orapri.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orapri.__shared_pool_size=335544320
orapri.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/local/oracle/app/admin/orapri/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri/control01.ctl','/opt/local/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orapri/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orapri'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/local/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/local/oracle/app'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orapriXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=825229312
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1428160512
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
#新增部分
*.db_unique_name='orapri'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orapri,orastd)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orapri'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orastd valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orastd'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.fal_server='orastd'
*.fal_client='orapri'
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orastd','/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri'
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orastd','/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri'
*.standby_file_management='auto'

手动创建归档日志路径
手工创建/u01/app/oracle/arch：
[oracle@primary ~]$ mkdir –p /opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch/
5：用修改过的pfile重新创建一个spfile，用于重启数据库 （此步骤只在主库上做）
关闭数据库：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

用修改过的pfile重新创建一个spfile：
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
此时把数据库改为归档模式： （如果当初建库时选择了启用归档，则此步骤忽略）
由于当前数据库已关闭，首先需要把数据库启动到mount状态
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog; 启用归档模式
Database altered.

SQL> alter database open; OPEN数据库
Database altered.

SQL> archive log list; 查看是否启用归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination/opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence 22
Next log sequence to archive 24
Current log sequence 24
如上，归档路径已经改为/opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch，证明对pfile的修改已生效
6：修改监听文件，添加静态监听 （主库、备库都要做）
主库：
[oracle@primary ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@primary admin]$ vim listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = primary))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/local/oracle/app

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orapri)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orapri)
)
)

[oracle@primary admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORAPRI =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orapri)
)
)

pri =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.110.9.41)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orapri)
)
)

std =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.110.9.40)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orastd)
)
)

orastd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.110.9.40)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orastd)
)
)

备库：
[oracle@standy ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@standy admin]$ vim listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = standy))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standy)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/local/oracle/app

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orastd)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orastd)
)
)

[oracle@standy admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/local/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORAPRI =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orapri)
)
)

pri =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.110.9.41)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orapri)
)
)

std =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.110.9.40)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orastd)
)
)

orastd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.110.9.40)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orastd)
)
)
使新增加的监听生效： （主库和备库端都要做）
[oracle@standy admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@standy admin]$ lsnrctl start

确认新增加的静态监听有效：
主库：
[oracle@standy admin]$ lsnrctl status

备库：
[oracle@standy admin]$ lsnrctl status

7：在备库端，修改pfile参数文件 （只在备库端做）
orapri.__db_cache_size=1040187392
orapri.__java_pool_size=16777216
orapri.__large_pool_size=33554432
orapri.__oracle_base='/opt/local/oracle/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orapri.__pga_aggregate_target=838860800
orapri.__sga_target=1442840576
orapri.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orapri.__shared_pool_size=335544320
orapri.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/local/oracle/app/admin/orastd/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orastd/control01.ctl','/opt/local/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/orastd/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orapri'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/local/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/local/oracle/app'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orapriXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=825229312
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1428160512
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

#新增内容
*.db_unique_name='orastd'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orapri,orastd)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orastd'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orapri valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orapri'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.fal_server='orastd'
*.fal_client='orapri'
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri','/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orastd'
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orapri','/opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orastd'
*.standby_file_management='auto'

8：在备库端手工创建所需的目录 （备库端做，不提前创建的话恢复时会报错！）
mkdir -pv /opt/local/oracle/app/admin/orastd/adump
mkdir -pv /opt/local/oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orastd/orastd/trace
mkdir -pv /opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch
mkdir -pv /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/orastd
mkdir -pv /opt/local/oracle/app/oradata/standbylog
mkdir -pv /opt/local/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area

9：用修改后的pfile创建一个spfile，用于启动数据库 （备库端做）
[oracle@standy ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.

将数据库启动到nomount状态：
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes
Fixed Size 2233000 bytes
Variable Size 482348376 bytes
Database Buffers 352321536 bytes
Redo Buffers 2379776 bytes
SQL>
10：利用RMAN在备库上恢复主库 （备库端做）
[oracle@standy ~]$ rman target sys/sysdba@pri auxiliary sys/sysdba@std nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Dec 31 22:00:57 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORAPRI (DBID=2916030696)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: ORAPRI (DBID=2916030696)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck; --备机同步主机数据
...
Finished Duplicate Db at 16-MAR-16

RMAN>
恢复数据库结束

12：分别查看主库和备库的归档序列号是否一致：
主机：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence 26
Next log sequence to archive 28
Current log sequence 28
SQL>
备机：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /opt/local/oracle/app/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence 26
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 28
SQL>

13 : 启动备机为只读模式
启用备机实时查询
SQL> startup mount
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

14 : 修改数据库保护模式
adg的数据传输应用三大模式转换
1.最大可用性模式（Maximum Availability）
1）该模式提供了仅次于“最大保护模式”的数据保护能力；
2）要求至少一个物理备库收到重做日志后，主库的事务才能够提交；
3）主库找不到合适的备库写入时，主库不会关闭，而是临时降低到“最大性能模式”模式，直到问题得到处理；
4）优点：该模式可以在没有问题出现的情况下，保证备库没有数据丢失，是一种折中的方法；
5）缺点：在正常运行的过程中缺点是主库的性能受到诸多因素的影响。
2.最大性能模式（Maximum Performance）
1）该模式是默认模式，可以保证主数据库的最高可用性；
2）保证主库运行过程中不受备库的影响，主库事务正常提交，不因备库的任何问题影响到主库的运行；
4）优点：避免了备库对主数据库的性能和可用性影响；
5）缺点：如果与主库提交的事务相关的恢复数据没有发送到备库，这些事务数据将被丢失，不能保证数据无损失。
3.最大保护模式（Maximum Protection）
1）这种模式提供了最高级别的数据保护能力；
2）要求至少一个物理备库收到重做日志后，主库的事务才能够提交；
3）主库找不到合适的备库写入时，主库会自动关闭，防止未受保护的数据出现；
4）优点：该模式可以保证备库没有数据丢失；
5）缺点：主库的自动关闭会影响到主库的可用性，同时需要备库恢复后才能提交，对网络等客观条件要求非常的高，主库的性能会因此受到非常大的冲击。

#primary 端查看，我们可以看到数据库的保护模式为最大性能
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;
#standby 端查看，也是一样的。
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;

主备机mount状态下切换保护模式：
alter database set standby database to maximize performance; --切换为最大性能
alter database set standby database to maximize availability; --切换为最大可用
alter database set standby database to maximize protection; --切换为最大保护

15 : ADG常用运维命令和脚本

主要做主从数据库同步，通过Dataguard实现，当运行一段时间后，发现主从数据库的数据不一致了，从库无法启动，报“ORA-01196: 文件 1 由于介质恢复会话失败而不一致”这个错误，具体日志信息如下：
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01196: 文件 1 由于介质恢复会话失败而不一致
ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'

解决方法：
从库启动到mount状态：
SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SQL>STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
到主库上操作：
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;
多操作几次，操作之后，稍等一段时间，时间视网速而定，过一段时间后，在主库上查询一下规定情况：
SQL>SELECT NAME,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
如果返回结果"APPLIED"都是“YES”或者只有最后一个是“NO”的话，说明全部归档日志全部已经归档完了，此时到备库上上操作：
备库操作：
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;