Winform入门见解

winform算是C#比较快速的入门的一个了，简单的控件拖拽然后写上每个控件对应的事件。然后就可以了。需要美观的点 可以用Skin皮肤就完成了。我们先不说复杂的，就来个普通的三层架构来增删改查 分页和导出。 
           环境 Vs2017+sql server2008r2 框架4.0

首先创建新的解决方案输入你的名字。然后在解决方案右键选择添加新项目，添加类库。这里就不用图示来演示如何创建了。先建立Model层。三层架构我也不用说了，不会的可以百度。Model层创建完后，新建类。类名和你的数据库表名一样。数据库字段对应的就是类的属性。

 using QX.DBHelpers.Attributes;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;

 namespace Qx_SmkjItem.Model
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// 日志信息
     /// </summary>
     [TableInfo(Name = "log_Info")]
     public class log_Info
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// 主键ID
         /// </summary>

         private int _id;
         [FieldInfo(CanInsert = false, CanUpdate = false)]
         public int ID
         {
             get { return _id; }
             set { _id = value; }
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 类别名
         /// </summary>
         private string _typename;

         public string TypeName
         {
             get { return _typename; }
             set { _typename = value; }
         }

         private string _ddate;

         public string dDate
         {
             get { return _ddate; }
             set { _ddate = value; }
         }

         private string _logcontent;

         public string logContent
         {
             get { return _logcontent; }
             set { _logcontent = value; }
         }

         private string _person;

         public string Person
         {
             get { return _person; }
             set { _person = value; }
         }

     }
 }

如果直接复制上面代码到你类去会报错。找不到引用。QX.GYHelpers.dll 是我自己根据网上或项目中遇到整理出来封装的一个帮助类。

信心的会发现类名上面有[TableInfo="数据库表名"]，这就是前面提到为什么类名要和数据库表名一样。[FieldInfo(CanInsert = false, CanUpdate = false)] 会出现在ID上面。意思是 ID将不参与新增ID或这修改ID.

下面新建项目。创建DAL层。在DAL层右键新建类Base.dal:

 using QX.DBHelpers;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;

 namespace Qx_SmkjItem.Dal
 {
     public class BaseDal<T> where T : class,new()
     {
         internal SqlServerDBHelper _dbh = null;
         public BaseDal()
         {
             string ConnStr = SystemConfig.GetConfigData("DataStr", string.Empty);

             _dbh = new SqlServerDBHelper(ConnStr);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 新增一个对象到数据库
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="model">对象</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public string GetTableCount(string TableName)
         {
             string sql = "Select Count(*) From " + TableName;

             return _dbh.ExecuteScalar(sql).ToString();
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 新增一个对象到数据库
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="model">对象</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public bool Add(T model)
         {
             return _dbh.Insert<T>(model);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 根据主键值删除一条数据
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="keyValue">主键值</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public virtual bool Delete(object keyValue)
         {
             return _dbh.Delete<T>(keyValue);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 根据主键值集合删除多条数据
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="keyValue">主键值集合</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public bool Deletes(List<string> keyValueList)
         {
             _dbh.TransactionBegin();
             try
             {
                 if (keyValueList.Count > )
                 {
                     foreach (var keyValue in keyValueList)
                     {
                         if (_dbh.Delete<T>(keyValue) == false)
                         {
                             _dbh.TransactionRollBack();
                             return false;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             catch (Exception)
             {
                 _dbh.TransactionRollBack();
                 throw;
             }
             _dbh.TransactionCommit();
             return true;
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 更新一个实例数据
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="model">实例</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public virtual bool Update(T model)
         {
             return _dbh.Update<T>(model);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 更新多个实例数据
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="keyValue">实例集合</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public virtual bool Updates(List<T> modelList)
         {
             _dbh.TransactionBegin();
             try
             {
                 if (modelList.Count > )
                 {
                     foreach (var model in modelList)
                     {
                         if (_dbh.Update<T>(model) == false)
                         {
                             _dbh.TransactionRollBack();
                             return false;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             catch (Exception)
             {
                 _dbh.TransactionRollBack();
                 throw;
             }
             _dbh.TransactionCommit();
             return true;
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 获取所有数据
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public virtual List<T> GetAll()
         {
             return _dbh.GetBySQL<T>();
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 获取所有数据
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public virtual List<T> GetAll(bool childData)
         {
             return _dbh.GetBySQL<T>(childData);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 根据where语句进行查询
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="where">where条件</param>
         /// <param name="parameters">parameter参数</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public List<T> GetBySQL(string where, params object[] parameters)
         {
             return _dbh.GetBySQL<T>(where, parameters);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 根据where语句进行查询
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="where">where条件</param>
         /// <param name="childData">是否获取子数据</param>
         /// <param name="parameters">parameter参数</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public List<T> GetBySQL(string where, bool childData, params object[] parameters)
         {
             return _dbh.GetBySQL<T>(where, childData, parameters);
         }

         /// <summary>
         /// 分页查询方法
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="pageSize">页大小</param>
         /// <param name="pageIndex">页码</param>
         /// <param name="rowCount">当前查询一共有多少数据</param>
         /// <param name="sqlWhere">SQL WHERE 条件</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         public List<T> GetPageBySQL(int pageSize, int pageIndex, out int rowCount, string sqlWhere)
         {
             return _dbh.GetPageBySQL<T>(pageSize, pageIndex, out rowCount, sqlWhere);
         }
     }
 }

Base.dal里面包含增删改查的dal。这里就不解释Base.dal的具体信息。代码有注释。 然后新建对应的Dal层。新建的dal层要继承base.dal,同时引用项目model层

using Qx_SmkjItem.Model;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Qx_SmkjItem.Dal
{
  /// <summary>
 /// 日志信息DAL
 /// </summary>
  public  class log_InfoDal: BaseDal<log_Info>
    {
    }
}

继承玩之后。新建项目，创建BLL层。在BLL层右键新建项目，创建对应的BLL层。引用Model DAL层

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Qx_SmkjItem.Dal;
using Qx_SmkjItem.Model;

namespace Qx_SmkjItem.BLL
{
 public   class log_InfoBll
    {
        log_InfoDal dal = new log_InfoDal();
        /// <summary>
        ///  所有数据条目数
        /// </summary>
        public string GetZJTypeCount()
        {
            return dal.GetTableCount("log_Info");

        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  新增条目
        /// </summary>
        public string Add(string lgoinfo)
        {
            log_Info Object = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<log_Info>(lgoinfo);

            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.Add(Object));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  修改一条数据
        /// </summary>
        public string Update(string lgoinfo)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.Update(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<log_Info>(lgoinfo)));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  修改多条数据
        /// </summary>
        public string Updates(string lgoinfoList)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.Updates(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<log_Info>>(lgoinfoList)));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  删除一条数据
        /// </summary>
        public string Delete(string code)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.Delete(code));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  删除多条数据
        /// </summary>
        public string Deletes(string codeList)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.Deletes(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<string>>(codeList)));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  获取所有数据（不包含子集数据）
        /// </summary>
        public string GetAll()
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.GetAll());
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  获取所有数据（包含子集数据）
        /// </summary>
        public string GetAllAndChild(string getChild)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.GetAll(Convert.ToBoolean(getChild)));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  根据SqlWhere条件获取数据（不包含子集数据）
        /// </summary>
        public string GetBySql(string sqlWhere)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.GetBySQL(sqlWhere));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  根据SqlWhere条件获取数据（包含子集数据）
        /// </summary>
        public string GetBySqlAndChild(string sqlWhere, string getChild)
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.GetBySQL(sqlWhere, Convert.ToBoolean(getChild)));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  根据SqlWhere条件分页 获取数据（不包含子集数据）
        /// </summary>
        public string GetPageBySql(string pageSize, string pageIndex, string sqlWhere)
        {
            int outCount = ;
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dal.GetPageBySQL(Convert.ToInt32(pageSize), Convert.ToInt32(pageIndex), out outCount, sqlWhere));
        }
    }
}

看完上面代码 你会大概知道这是在做什么。其中需要特别注意的是 BLL层的对象也就是model层对应model一定要正确。如果出现sql之类的错误提示。那么就要仔细检查三个层的对象是否对应。

接下来就是用到实际的项目中，继续创建项目，创建windows窗体，设为启动项目。然后新建窗口。。

上面用的是Cskin 控件布局。在官网下载最新版的控件库 ：http://www.cskin.net/  下载下来后 会有文档提示你如何用。一样的拖控件。窗体一般的继承的Form.

那么F7 进入代码 把Form 替换为 CCSkinMain

using System;
using CCWin;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Qx_SmkjItem.BLL;
using Qx_SmkjItem.Model;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace test
{
    public partial class FrmLogInfo : CCSkinMain
    {
        public FrmLogInfo()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        log_typeBll sbll = new log_typeBll();
        log_Info st = new log_Info();
        log_InfoBll stb = new log_InfoBll();
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取类型数据绑定到下拉框
        /// </summary>
        private void GetTypes()
        {
            cmbtype.DisplayMember = "TypeName";
            cmbtype.ValueMember = "ID";
            cmbtype.DataSource = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<log_type>>(sbll.GetAll());
        }

        #region 分页
        int rowcount = ;
        int pagecount = ;
        public int Inum = ;
        public int pagesize = ;
        #endregion
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据条件查询数据(除内容外)
        /// </summary>
        private void GetTypeInfo()
        {

            StringBuilder strSwhere = new StringBuilder();
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(cmbtype.Text.Trim()))
            {
                strSwhere.Append("and TypeName ='" + cmbtype.Text.Trim() + "'");
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dtdate.Text.Trim()))
            {
                strSwhere.Append("and dDate like '%" + dtdate.Text.Trim() + "%'");
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtbz.Text.Trim()))
            {
                strSwhere.Append("and Person like '%" + txtbz.Text.Trim() + "%'");
            }
            if (strSwhere.Length>)
            {
                strSwhere.Remove(, );
            }
            List<log_Info> loglist = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<log_Info>>(stb.GetBySql(strSwhere.ToString()));
            rowcount = loglist.Count;
            pagecount = rowcount % pagesize;

            if (pagecount == )
            {
                pagecount = rowcount / pagesize;
            }
            else
            {
                pagecount = rowcount / pagesize + ;
            }
            this.lblzys.Text = "共" + pagecount.ToString() + "页";
            this.lbldqys.Text = "当前" + Inum.ToString() + "页";

            dgvdata.DataSource = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<log_Info>>(stb.GetPageBySql(pagesize.ToString(), Inum.ToString()
                , strSwhere.ToString()));
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 清空文本框数据
        /// </summary>
        private void Qktxt()
        {
            rbcontent.Text = string.Empty; txtbz.Text = string.Empty;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 查询
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btncx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            GetTypeInfo();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 删除
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void cmdelete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int delecount = ;
            for (int i = ; i < dgvdata.SelectedRows.Count; i++)
            {
                if (Convert.ToBoolean(dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells[].Value) == true)
                {
                    int id = Convert.ToInt32(dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells[].Value);
                    string ss = stb.Delete(id.ToString());
                    if (ss == "true")
                    {
                        delecount++;
                    }
                }
            }
            MessageBox.Show("已删除成功当前信息" + delecount + "条", "提示");
            GetTypeInfo();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取选中行数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void dgvdata_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                for (int i = ; i < dgvdata.SelectedRows.Count; i++)
                {
                    cmbtype.Text = dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells["TypeName"].Value.ToString();
                    rbcontent.Text = dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells["logContent"].Value.ToString();
                    dtdate.Text = dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells["dDate"].Value.ToString();
                    txtbz.Text = dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells["Person"].Value.ToString();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) { }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 首页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void lkSy_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
        {
            Inum = ;
            GetTypeInfo();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 上一页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void lkSyy_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (Inum <  || Inum == )
            {
                MessageBox.Show("已是首页", "提示");
            }
            else
            {
                Inum--;
                GetTypeInfo();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 下一页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void lkxyy_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
        {
            Inum++;
            if (Inum > pagecount)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("已是最后一页", "提示");
            }
            else
            {
                GetTypeInfo();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 尾页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void lkwy_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
        {
            Inum = pagecount;
            GetTypeInfo();
        }

        private void FrmLogInfo_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 导出Excel方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="fileName"></param>
        /// <param name="myDGV"></param>
        private void ExportExcel(string fileName, DataGridView myDGV)
        {
            string saveFileName = "";
            SaveFileDialog saveDialog = new SaveFileDialog();
            saveDialog.DefaultExt = "xls";
            saveDialog.Filter = "Excel文件|*.xls";
            saveDialog.FileName = fileName;
            saveDialog.ShowDialog();
            saveFileName = saveDialog.FileName;
            if (saveFileName.IndexOf(":") < )
                return; //被点了取消
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
            if (xlApp == null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("无法创建Excel对象，可能您的机子未安装Excel", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                return;
            }
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[];//取得sheet1
            string[] array = new string[myDGV.Columns.Count];
            //获取Visble =true 的列
            foreach (DataGridViewColumn column in myDGV.Columns)
            {
                if (column.Visible == true)
                {
                    array[column.DisplayIndex] = column.HeaderText + '|' + column.Name; ;
                }
            }
            int RowsCount = myDGV.Rows.Count;
            int ColumnsCount = array.Length;
            int mm = ;
            for (int i = ; i < ColumnsCount; i++)
            {
                string[] str = new string[];
                string ColumnName;
                try
                {
                    str = array.GetValue(i).ToString().Split('|');
                    ColumnName = str[];
                }
                catch
                {
                    continue;
                }
                //导出列名
                worksheet.Cells[, mm] = ColumnName;
                //导出列内容
                for (int m = ; m < RowsCount; m++)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        worksheet.Cells[m + , mm] = "'" + myDGV.Rows[m].Cells[str[]].FormattedValue.ToString();
                    }
                    catch
                    { }
                }
                //执行完一列 mm++
                mm++;
            }
            worksheet.Columns.EntireColumn.AutoFit();

            if (saveFileName != "")
            {
                try
                {
                    workbook.Saved = true;
                    workbook.SaveCopyAs(saveFileName);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("导出文件时出错,文件可能正被打开！\n" + ex.Message, "警告", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
                }
            }
            xlApp.Quit();
            GC.Collect();//强行销毁
            MessageBox.Show(fileName + "的表格资料保存成功", "提示");
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 导出
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnDc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (dgvdata.Rows.Count > )
            {
                ExportExcel(DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString() + "日志报告", dgvdata);

            }
            else
            {

                MessageBox.Show("没有数据可导出，请先查询数据!", "警告", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
            }
        }
    }
}

上面代码个人觉得已经很详细了。查询 删除 分页 导出都有。只是缺少新增和修改。由于我列出的是操作日志信息。所以就没有修改和新增。不过下面代码会给出

 /// <summary>
        /// 添加
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            sy.TypeName = txttype.Text.Trim();
            string iss = sbll.Add(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(sy));
            if (iss == "true")
            {
            }
            GetsmTypeInfo();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 修改
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnupdate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            for (int i = ; i < dgvdata.SelectedRows.Count; i++)
            {
                sy.ID = Convert.ToInt32(dgvdata.SelectedRows[i].Cells["ID"].Value);
                sy.TypeName = txttype.Text.Trim();
                string iss = sbll.Update(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(sy));
                if (iss == "true")
                {
                }
            }
            GetsmTypeInfo();
            txttype.Text = string.Empty;
        }

以上就是 winform的三层架构的简单增删改查。 由于代码简单。所以这是给才开始学的一个参考。有些代码没有优化 和存在一些bug。但不影响正常使用。老手们看到给出你们的意见。便于小弟及时修正。。。请赐教。