Linux_搭建Samba服务（认证访问）

【RHEL8】—SMBserver；【RHEL7】—SMBclient

！！！测试环境我们首关闭防火墙和selinux（SMBserver和SMBclient都需要）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

关于Samba配置文件的说明，访问：https://www.cnblogs.com/520qiangge/p/13413414.html

一、Samba服务端配置

1、查看一下服务端IP

[root@SMBserver ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.174.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.174.255
        inet6 fe80::fa13:32e0:3b9f:2196  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:cd:6a:1b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1109  bytes 92293 (90.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 658  bytes 77689 (75.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
 
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 88  bytes 7600 (7.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 88  bytes 7600 (7.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2、SMBserver安装Samba服务，并设置开机自启

[root@SMBserver ~]# yum install -y samba
[root@SMBserver ~]# rpm -qa samba
samba-4.10.4-1.el8.x86_64
[root@SMBserver ~]# systemctl start smb nmb
[root@SMBserver ~]# systemctl enable smb nmb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nmb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service.

3、查看端口是否监听

[root@SMBserver ~]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1083/sshd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:445             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      18363/smbd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:139             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      18363/smbd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1083/sshd
tcp6       0      0 :::445                  :::*                    LISTEN      18363/smbd
tcp6       0      0 :::139                  :::*                    LISTEN      18363/smbd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           1588/dhclient
udp        0      0 192.168.174.255:137     0.0.0.0:*                           18367/nmbd
udp        0      0 192.168.174.128:137     0.0.0.0:*                           18367/nmbd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:137             0.0.0.0:*                           18367/nmbd
udp        0      0 192.168.174.255:138     0.0.0.0:*                           18367/nmbd
udp        0      0 192.168.174.128:138     0.0.0.0:*                           18367/nmbd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:138             0.0.0.0:*                           18367/nmbd

4、创建认证用户（zhangsan），并为zhangsan用户创建smb共享密码

[root@SMBserver ~]# useradd -M zhangsan
[root@SMBserver ~]# id zhangsan
uid=1000(zhangsan) gid=1000(zhangsan) 组=1000(zhangsan)
[root@SMBserver ~]# smbpasswd -a zhangsan
New SMB password:             //这里我设置密码123456
Retype new SMB password:
Added user zhangsan.

5、创建共享资源，并给予完全共享的（给全部的权限）

[root@SMBserver ~]# mkdir -p /sambadir/share
[root@SMBserver ~]# chmod 777 /sambadir/share/
[root@SMBserver ~]# ll /sambadir/
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 8月   1 15:28 share

6、编辑配置文件

[root@SMBserver ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@SMBserver ~]# cat /etc/samba/smb.conf
# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.
 
[global]
	workgroup = SAMBA
	security = user
	passdb backend = tdbsam
	printing = cups
	printcap name = cups
	load printers = yes
	cups options = raw
 
[homes]
	comment = Home Directories
	valid users = %S, %D%w%S
	browseable = No
	read only = No
	inherit acls = Yes
 
[printers]
	comment = All Printers
	path = /var/tmp
	printable = Yes
	create mask = 0600
	browseable = No
 
[print$]
	comment = Printer Drivers
	path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
	write list = @printadmin root
	force group = @printadmin
	create mask = 0664
	directory mask = 0775
 
[share]
	comment = my first samba-file
	path = /sambadir/share
	browseable = yes
	public = yes
	writeable = yes
	write list = zhangsan         //添加这句，允许zhangsan 用户访问该文件目录

7、测试smb.conf文件语法是否错误

[root@SMBserver ~]# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
 
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
 //这里提示这样的信息，叫你回车就会显示刚刚写的配置文件的内容，就代表没有语法错误，我就没回车了，节省时间

8、重启smb，nmb服务

[root@SMBserver ~]# systemctl restart smb
[root@SMBserver ~]# systemctl restart nmb
[root@SMBserver ~]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1083/sshd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:445             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24451/smbd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:139             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24451/smbd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1083/sshd
tcp6       0      0 :::445                  :::*                    LISTEN      24451/smbd
tcp6       0      0 :::139                  :::*                    LISTEN      24451/smbd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           1588/dhclient
udp        0      0 192.168.174.255:137     0.0.0.0:*                           24462/nmbd
udp        0      0 192.168.174.128:137     0.0.0.0:*                           24462/nmbd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:137             0.0.0.0:*                           24462/nmbd
udp        0      0 192.168.174.255:138     0.0.0.0:*                           24462/nmbd
udp        0      0 192.168.174.128:138     0.0.0.0:*                           24462/nmbd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:138             0.0.0.0:*                           24462/nmbd          

到这认证访问的服务端就配置完成

二、配置客户端

1、SMBclient查看是否有安装samba-client，cifs-utils软件包

[root@smbclient ~]# yum info samba-client cifs-utils
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
可安装的软件包
名称    ：cifs-utils
架构    ：x86_64
版本    ：6.2
发布    ：10.el7
大小    ：85 k
源    ：dvd
简介    ： Utilities for mounting and managing CIFS mounts
网址    ：http://linux-cifs.samba.org/cifs-utils/
协议    ： GPLv3
描述    ： The SMB/CIFS protocol is a standard file sharing protocol widely deployed
         : on Microsoft Windows machines. This package contains tools for mounting
         : shares on Linux using the SMB/CIFS protocol. The tools in this package
         : work in conjunction with support in the kernel to allow one to mount a
         : SMB/CIFS share onto a client and use it as if it were a standard Linux
         : file system.
 
名称    ：samba-client
架构    ：x86_64
版本    ：4.6.2
发布    ：8.el7
大小    ：597 k
源    ：dvd
简介    ： Samba client programs
网址    ：http://www.samba.org/
协议    ： GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
描述    ： The samba-client package provides some SMB/CIFS clients to complement
         : the built-in SMB/CIFS filesystem in Linux. These clients allow access
         : of SMB/CIFS shares and printing to SMB/CIFS printers.

2、安装samba-client，cifs-utils软件包

[root@smbclient ~]# yum install -y samba-client cifs-utils
[root@smbclient ~]# rpm -qa samba-client cifs-utils
cifs-utils-6.2-10.el7.x86_64
samba-client-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64

3、客户端以zhangsan用户身份查看samba服务器有哪些共享资源

[root@smbclient ~]# smbclient -L //192.168.174.128 -U zhangsan
Enter SAMBA\zhangsan's password:               //输入刚刚给zhangsan用户创建的smb共享密码
Domain=[SMBSERVER] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.10.4]
 
	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	print$          Disk      Printer Drivers
	share           Disk      my first samba-file
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.10.4)
	zhangsan        Disk      Home Directories
Domain=[SMBSERVER] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.10.4]
 
	Server               Comment
	---------            -------
 
	Workgroup            Master
	---------            -------
	SAMBA                SMBSERVER

4、客户端创建挂载目录

[root@smbclient ~]# mkdir /smbdir

5、客户端以zhangsan用户身份挂载服务端共享的资源目录

[root@smbclient ~]# mount.cifs -o username=zhangsan,password=123456 //192.168.174.128/share /smbdir/
 //这里不需要输入密码
 
如果密码错误会会提示报错
错误示例：
[root@smbclient ~]# mount.cifs -o username=zhangsan,password=123 //192.168.174.128/share /smbdir/
mount error(13): Permission denied
Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs)
 //这里就会显示拒绝访问

6、查看是否挂载成功

[root@smbclient ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel-root     50G  1.1G   49G    3% /
devtmpfs                 901M     0  901M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    912M     0  912M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    912M  8.7M  904M    1% /run
tmpfs                    912M     0  912M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0                 3.8G  3.8G     0  100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/rhel-home     27G   33M   27G    1% /home
/dev/sda1               1014M  143M  872M   15% /boot
tmpfs                    183M     0  183M    0% /run/user/0
//192.168.174.128/share   50G  2.0G   49G    4% /smbdir
 //最后一行说明挂载成功

三、测试

1、首先在客户端创建两个文件，然后在服务端查看

//SMBclient
[root@smbclient ~]# cd /smbdir/
[root@smbclient smbdir]# ls
[root@smbclient smbdir]# touch {file1,file2}
[root@smbclient smbdir]# ls
file1  file2
 
//SMBserver
[root@SMBserver ~]# cd /sambadir/share/
[root@SMBserver share]# ls
file1  file2

2、在windows的资源管理器上登录