Struts(二十二)：国际化

如何配置国际化资源文件?

1、Action范围资源文件：在Action类文件所在的路径建立名为ActionName_language_country.properties的文件；

2、包范围资源文件：在包的根路径下建立文件名为package_language_country.properties的属性文件，一旦建立，处于该包下的所有Action都可以访问该资源文件。

注意：包范围资源文件的baseName就是package，不是Action所在的包名。

3、全局资源文件：

　　3.1、命名方式：basename_language_country.properties

　　3.2、struts.xml 中添加配置：<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="baseName" />

4、国际化资源文件加载的顺序：离当前Action较近的资源文件被优先加载。

新建项目struts_05:

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="i18n"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        <action name="i18nTest" class="com.dx.struts2.i18ntest.I18nAction">

            <result>/i18n.jsp</result>

        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <display-name>Struts 02</display-name>

    <filter>

        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>

    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>

        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

    </filter-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>

        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

    </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

com.dx.struts2.i18ntest.I18nAction.java

package com.dx.struts2.i18ntest;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class I18nAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        return SUCCESS;

    }

}

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<title>Insert title here</title>

</head>

<body>

<a href="i18nTest">test</a>

</body>

</html>

i18n.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<title>Insert title here</title>

</head>

<body>

    <s:debug></s:debug>

    <s:form action="">

        <s:textfield name="username" label="UserName"></s:textfield>

        <s:textfield name="username" label="%{getText('username')}"></s:textfield>

        <s:textfield name="username" key="username"></s:textfield>

        <s:textfield name="password" key="password"></s:textfield>

        <s:submit key="submit"></s:submit>

    </s:form>

</body>

</html>

src下创建i18n.properties

username=UserName

password=Password

submit=Submit

、i18n_zh_CN.properties

username=\u7528\u6237\u540D

password=\u5BC6\u7801

submit=\u63D0\u4EA4

、i18n_en_US.properties

username=UserName

password=Password

submit=Submit

访问index.jsp，点击“test”连接跳转到i18n.jsp页面，并修改浏览器的“语言”，看看界面是否有变化。

在com.dx.struts2.i18ntest下创建i18n.properties

username=^UserName

password=^Password

submit=^Submit

、i18n_zh_CN.properties

username=^\u7528\u6237\u540D

password=^\u5BC6\u7801

submit=^\u63D0\u4EA4

、i18n_en_US.properties

username=^UserName

password=^Password

submit=^Submit

访问index.jsp，点击“test”连接跳转到i18n.jsp页面，并修改浏览器的“语言”，看看界面是否有变化。

在页面上和Action类中如何访问国际化资源文件的value值

1、在Action类中：若Action实现了TextProvider接口，则可以通过调用getText()方法来获取资源文件文件中的value值；

package com.dx.struts2.i18ntest;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class I18nAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        String username = this.getText("username");

        String password = this.getText("password");

        System.out.println(username);

        System.out.println(password);

        return SUCCESS;

    }

}

备注：为什么继承ActionSupport类，因为ActionSupport实现了TextProvider接口。

2、在 jsp 页面上：可以通过s:text标签来访问资源文件中的value值；对于表单（非theme="simple"）标签可以使用表单标签的key属性值：

　　2.1、若有占位符，则可以使用s:text标签中嵌套一个子标签s:param来填充占位符；

　　2.2、可以利用标签和OGNL表达式直接访问值栈中的属性值（对象栈、Map栈）

修改i18n.jsp的form主题theme=“simple”，发现之前的页面中的标签中的国际化信息都没有被显示，解决方案：

<s:form action="" theme="simple">

        <s:textfield name="username" label="UserName"></s:textfield>

        <s:text name="username" />

        <s:textfield name="username" label="%{getText('username')}"></s:textfield>

        <s:text name="username" />

        <s:textfield name="username" key="username"></s:textfield>

        <s:text name="password" />

        <s:textfield name="password" key="password"></s:textfield>

        <s:submit key="submit" value="%{getText('submit')}"></s:submit>

</s:form>

针对占位符解决方案一：

properties文件中：

time=Time:{0}

jsp:

    <s:text name="time">

        <s:param value="date"></s:param>

    </s:text>

针对占位符解决方案一：

properties文件中：

time2=Time:${date}

jsp:

    <s:text name="time2"></s:text>

I18nAction.java

package com.dx.struts2.i18ntest;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Date;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class I18nAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Date date = null;

    public Date getDate() {

        return date;

    }

    public void setDate(Date date) {

        this.date = date;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        this.date = new Date();

        String username = this.getText("username");

        String password = this.getText("password");

        String dateTime = this.getText("time", Arrays.asList(this.date));

        System.out.println(username);

        System.out.println(password);

        System.out.println(dateTime);

        return SUCCESS;

    }

}

通过超链接动态加载国际化资源文件

实际上通过struts2的超级链接，被i18n拦截器拦截掉，过滤请求中是否包含参数，如果包含参数就设置国际化，并把设置信息保存在session中；

如果请求参数中不包含国际化设置，则查看session中是否已经包含，如果包含，则从session中获取国际化设置；

如果请求参数中不包含国际化设置，且session中也不包含，则从浏览器中获取国际化设置。

流程图：

查看i18n拦截器（com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.java）

/*

 * Copyright 2002-2006,2009 The Apache Software Foundation.

 *

 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

 * You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 * limitations under the License.

 */

package com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.LocalizedTextUtil;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.Logger;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Locale;

import java.util.Map;

/**

 * <!-- START SNIPPET: description -->

 * <p/>

 * An interceptor that handles setting the locale specified in a session as the locale for the current action request.

 * In addition, this interceptor will look for a specific HTTP request parameter and set the locale to whatever value is

 * provided. This means that this interceptor can be used to allow for your application to dynamically change the locale

 * for the user's session or, alternatively, only for the current request (since XWork 2.1.3).

 * This is very useful for applications that require multi-lingual support and want the user to

 * be able to set his or her language preference at any point. The locale parameter is removed during the execution of

 * this interceptor, ensuring that properties aren't set on an action (such as request_locale) that have no typical

 * corresponding setter in your action.

 * <p/>

 * <p/>For example, using the default parameter name, a request to <b>foo.action?request_locale=en_US</b>, then the

 * locale for US English is saved in the user's session and will be used for all future requests.

 * <p/>

 if there is no locale set (for example with the first visit), the interceptor uses the browser locale.

 * <p/>

 * <!-- END SNIPPET: description -->

 * <p/>

 * <p/> <u>Interceptor parameters:</u>

 * <p/>

 * <!-- START SNIPPET: parameters -->

 * <p/>

 * <ul>

 * <p/>

 * <li>parameterName (optional) - the name of the HTTP request parameter that dictates the locale to switch to and save

 * in the session. By default this is <b>request_locale</b></li>

 * <p/>

 * <li>requestOnlyParameterName (optional) - the name of the HTTP request parameter that dictates the locale to switch to

 * for the current request only, without saving it in the session. By default this is <b>request_only_locale</b></li>

 * <p/>

 * <li>attributeName (optional) - the name of the session key to store the selected locale. By default this is

 * <b>WW_TRANS_I18N_LOCALE</b></li>

 * <p/>

 * </ul>

 * <p/>

 * <!-- END SNIPPET: parameters -->

 * <p/>

 * <p/> <u>Extending the interceptor:</u>

 * <p/>

 * <p/>

 * <p/>

 * <!-- START SNIPPET: extending -->

 * <p/>

 * There are no known extensions points for this interceptor.

 * <p/>

 * <!-- END SNIPPET: extending -->

 * <p/>

 * <p/> <u>Example code:</u>

 * <p/>

 * <pre>

 * <!-- START SNIPPET: example -->

 * &lt;action name="someAction" class="com.examples.SomeAction"&gt;

 *     &lt;interceptor-ref name="i18n"/&gt;

 *     &lt;interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/&gt;

 *     &lt;result name="success"&gt;good_result.ftl&lt;/result&gt;

 * &lt;/action&gt;

 * <!-- END SNIPPET: example -->

 * </pre>

 *

 * @author Aleksei Gopachenko

 */

public class I18nInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2496830135246700300L;

    protected static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(I18nInterceptor.class);

    public static final String DEFAULT_SESSION_ATTRIBUTE = "WW_TRANS_I18N_LOCALE";

    public static final String DEFAULT_PARAMETER = "request_locale";

    public static final String DEFAULT_REQUESTONLY_PARAMETER = "request_only_locale";

    protected String parameterName = DEFAULT_PARAMETER;

    protected String requestOnlyParameterName = DEFAULT_REQUESTONLY_PARAMETER;

    protected String attributeName = DEFAULT_SESSION_ATTRIBUTE;

    // Request-Only = None

    protected enum Storage { SESSION, NONE }

    public I18nInterceptor() {

        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

            LOG.debug("new I18nInterceptor()");

        }

    }

    public void setParameterName(String parameterName) {

        this.parameterName = parameterName;

    }

    public void setRequestOnlyParameterName(String requestOnlyParameterName) {

        this.requestOnlyParameterName = requestOnlyParameterName;

    }

    public void setAttributeName(String attributeName) {

        this.attributeName = attributeName;

    }

    @Override

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {

        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

            LOG.debug("intercept '#0/#1' {",

                invocation.getProxy().getNamespace(), invocation.getProxy().getActionName());

        }

        LocaleFinder localeFinder = new LocaleFinder(invocation);

        Locale locale = getLocaleFromParam(localeFinder.getRequestedLocale());

        locale = storeLocale(invocation, locale, localeFinder.getStorage());

        saveLocale(invocation, locale);

        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

            LOG.debug("before Locale=#0", invocation.getStack().findValue("locale"));

        }

        final String result = invocation.invoke();

        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

            LOG.debug("after Locale=#0", invocation.getStack().findValue("locale"));

            LOG.debug("intercept } ");

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * Store the locale to the chosen storage, like f. e. the session

     *

     * @param invocation the action invocation

     * @param locale the locale to store

     * @param storage the place to store this locale (like Storage.SESSSION.toString())

     */

    protected Locale storeLocale(ActionInvocation invocation, Locale locale, String storage) {

        //save it in session

        Map<String, Object> session = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();

        if (session != null) {

            synchronized (session) {

                if (locale == null) {

                    storage = Storage.NONE.toString();

                    locale = readStoredLocale(invocation, session);

                }

                if (Storage.SESSION.toString().equals(storage)) {

                    session.put(attributeName, locale);

                }

            }

        }

        return locale;

    }

    protected class LocaleFinder {

        protected String storage = Storage.SESSION.toString();

        protected Object requestedLocale = null;

        protected ActionInvocation actionInvocation = null;

        protected LocaleFinder(ActionInvocation invocation) {

            actionInvocation = invocation;

            find();

        }

        protected void find() {

            //get requested locale

            Map<String, Object> params = actionInvocation.getInvocationContext().getParameters();

            storage = Storage.SESSION.toString();

            requestedLocale = findLocaleParameter(params, parameterName);

            if (requestedLocale != null) {

                return;

            }

            requestedLocale = findLocaleParameter(params, requestOnlyParameterName);

            if (requestedLocale != null) {

                storage = Storage.NONE.toString();

            }

        }

        public String getStorage() {

            return storage;

        }

        public Object getRequestedLocale() {

            return requestedLocale;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Creates a Locale object from the request param, which might

     * be already a Local or a String

     *

     * @param requestedLocale the parameter from the request

     * @return the Locale

     */

    protected Locale getLocaleFromParam(Object requestedLocale) {

        Locale locale = null;

        if (requestedLocale != null) {

            locale = (requestedLocale instanceof Locale) ?

                    (Locale) requestedLocale :

                    LocalizedTextUtil.localeFromString(requestedLocale.toString(), null);

            if (locale != null && LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

                LOG.debug("applied request locale=#0", locale);

            }

        }

        if (locale != null && !Arrays.asList(Locale.getAvailableLocales()).contains(locale)) {

            locale = Locale.getDefault();

        }

        return locale;

    }

    /**

     * Reads the locale from the session, and if not found from the

     * current invocation (=browser)

     *

     * @param invocation the current invocation

     * @param session the current session

     * @return the read locale

     */

    protected Locale readStoredLocale(ActionInvocation invocation, Map<String, Object> session) {

        Locale locale = this.readStoredLocalFromSession(invocation, session);

        if (locale != null) {

            return locale;

        }

        return this.readStoredLocalFromCurrentInvocation(invocation);

    }

    protected Locale readStoredLocalFromSession(ActionInvocation invocation, Map<String, Object> session) {

         // check session for saved locale

        Object sessionLocale = session.get(attributeName);

        if (sessionLocale != null && sessionLocale instanceof Locale) {

            Locale locale = (Locale) sessionLocale;

            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

                LOG.debug("applied session locale=#0", locale);

            }

            return locale;

        }

        return null;

    }

    protected Locale readStoredLocalFromCurrentInvocation(ActionInvocation invocation) {

        // no overriding locale definition found, stay with current invocation (=browser) locale

        Locale locale = invocation.getInvocationContext().getLocale();

        if (locale != null && LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

            LOG.debug("applied invocation context locale=#0", locale);

        }

        return locale;

    }

    protected Object findLocaleParameter(Map<String, Object> params, String parameterName) {

        Object requestedLocale = params.remove(parameterName);

        if (requestedLocale != null && requestedLocale.getClass().isArray()

                && ((Object[]) requestedLocale).length > 0) {

            requestedLocale = ((Object[]) requestedLocale)[0];

            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

                LOG.debug("requested_locale=#0", requestedLocale);

            }

        }

        return requestedLocale;

    }

    /**

     * Save the given locale to the ActionInvocation.

     *

     * @param invocation The ActionInvocation.

     * @param locale     The locale to save.

     */

    protected void saveLocale(ActionInvocation invocation, Locale locale) {

        invocation.getInvocationContext().setLocale(locale);

    }

}

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