区块链Hyperledger Fabric 学习记录（一）开发环境搭建（ubuntu16.04/ubuntu18.04）

Fabric开发环境搭建

Author：ljo0412@live.com

更新说明

在根据Fabric手册进行学习的过程中，遇到了一个严重的问题，导致无法向下继续，总结原因为Fabric版本问题。原文选择了Fabric v1.2（master)版本进行开发学习，在build your first network一节中发现无法正常的执行invoke操作。将版本退回到v1.1，发现可以正常运行，故将此篇博客改为v1.1版本。整体步骤不发生改变，仅在执行bootstrap.sh脚本时更改参数。

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目录

• Fabric开发环境搭建
  • 更新说明
  • 教程环境及软件版本
  • Docker
    • 安装Docker
    • 配置用户组
    • 配置Aliyun Docker加速器
    • 安装docker-compose
  • Go
    • 下载源码
    • 安装源码
  • Node.js && NPM
    • Node.js源码安装
  • 安装Python
  • 安装Fabric范例、源码和Docker镜像
• 总结

教程环境及软件版本

OS: ubuntu16.04/ubuntu18.04

• Docker:18.06.0-ce
• Go:1.10.3
• Node.js:8.11.3 && npm:5.6.0
• Python:2.7
• Fabric:1.2.0

提示： 以下安装均在普通用户中安装

Docker

安装Docker

这里使用Daocloud镜像进行安装

ubuntu:~$ curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

配置用户组

添加$user到docker用户组，免除每次运行docker都需要使用sudo root权限

ubuntu:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

重新登录系统，检查docker是否安装成功。

ubuntu:~$ docker --version

显示版本信息证明安装成功

ubuntu:~$ docker --version
Docker version 18.06.0-ce, build 0ffa825

这里我所安装的版本18.06.0-ce。

配置Aliyun Docker加速器

由于Docker镜像服务器在国外，所以下载速度非常缓慢甚至失败，阿里云为我们提供了优秀的解决方案。

访问Aliyun Docker Service，点击创建我的容器镜像，点击镜像加速器，选择ubuntu，根据提示执行命令。

命令示例如下(注意替换相应的*******):

ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
ubuntu:~$ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://*******.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl restart docker

安装docker-compose

ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install docker-compose

至此，整个Docker的安装完毕。

Go

下载源码

访问Golang.org下载最新版的GO源码。

这里我选择的go1.10.3.linux-amd64

也可以通过命令行下载

ubuntu:~$ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

安装源码

详细教程可以查看官方手册

解压代码到用户自定义目录下，这里选择~/,即主目录

ubuntu:~$ tar -C ~/ -xzf go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

添加环境变量

ubuntu:~$ vi ~/.profile
# 在最后添加如下代码
export GOROOT=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

使环境变量生效

ubuntu:~$ source ~/.profile

注意这里只是使当前终端生效，其他已打开的终端需重新打开

检查是否安装成功

ubuntu:~$ go version
go version go1.10.3 linux/amd64

提示如上版本信息证明，安装成功。

Node.js && NPM

Node.js源码安装

下载最新版的源码,这里我选择8.11.3版本。

注意：Node.js 9.x版本不再被支持，请选择8.9.x 或更新的版本

ubuntu:~$ wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v8.11.3/node-v8.11.3.tar.gz

解压源码

ubuntu:~$ tar -zxf node-v8.11.3.tar.gz

编译安装

ubuntu:~$ cd node-v8.11.3/
ubuntu:~/node-v1.8.11.3$ ./configure
ubuntu:~/node-v1.8.11.3$ make
ubuntu:~/node-v1.8.11.3$ sudo make install

make过程可能会比较长，建议做点有意思的事吧~

验证是否安装成功

ubuntu:~$ node -v
v8.11.3

ubuntu:~$ npm -version
5.6.0

安装Python

ubuntu16.04默认安装了python3.5，而Fabric Node.js SDK需要Python 2.7

ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install python

检查Python版本号

ubuntu:~$ python --version

安装Fabric范例、源码和Docker镜像

在执行官方手册中的步骤时，未能正确通过，分析过后应该是curl命令版本太低的问题，未能解决。

错误如下：

ubuntu:~$ curl -sSL http://bit.ly/2ysbOFE | bash -s 1.2.0
curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer

这里采用官方手册中的替代解决方案。

复制官方提供的bootstrap.sh脚本内容到本机

2018-7-21版本内容如下：

#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright IBM Corp. All Rights Reserved.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#

# if version not passed in, default to latest released version
export VERSION=1.2.0
# if ca version not passed in, default to latest released version
export CA_VERSION=$VERSION
# current version of thirdparty images (couchdb, kafka and zookeeper) released
export THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=0.4.10
export ARCH=$(echo "$(uname -s|tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'|sed 's/mingw64_nt.*/windows/')-$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_64/amd64/g')")
export MARCH=$(uname -m)

printHelp() {
  echo "Usage: bootstrap.sh [<version>] [<ca_version>] [<thirdparty_version>][-d -s -b]"
  echo
  echo "-d - bypass docker image download"
  echo "-s - bypass fabric-samples repo clone"
  echo "-b - bypass download of platform-specific binaries"
  echo
  echo "e.g. bootstrap.sh 1.2.0 -s"
  echo "would download docker images and binaries for version 1.2.0"
}

dockerFabricPull() {
  local FABRIC_TAG=$1
  for IMAGES in peer orderer ccenv tools; do
      echo "==> FABRIC IMAGE: $IMAGES"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES
  done
}

dockerThirdPartyImagesPull() {
  local THIRDPARTY_TAG=$1
  for IMAGES in couchdb kafka zookeeper; do
      echo "==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: $IMAGES"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES
  done
}

dockerCaPull() {
      local CA_TAG=$1
      echo "==> FABRIC CA IMAGE"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG hyperledger/fabric-ca
}

samplesInstall() {
  # clone (if needed) hyperledger/fabric-samples and checkout corresponding
  # version to the binaries and docker images to be downloaded
  if [ -d first-network ]; then
    # if we are in the fabric-samples repo, checkout corresponding version
    echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples"
    git checkout v${VERSION}
  elif [ -d fabric-samples ]; then
    # if fabric-samples repo already cloned and in current directory,
    # cd fabric-samples and checkout corresponding version
    echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples"
    cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION}
  else
    echo "===> Cloning hyperledger/fabric-samples repo and checkout v${VERSION}"
    git clone -b master https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples.git && cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION}
  fi
}

# Incrementally downloads the .tar.gz file locally first, only decompressing it
# after the download is complete. This is slower than binaryDownload() but
# allows the download to be resumed.
binaryIncrementalDownload() {
      local BINARY_FILE=$1
      local URL=$2
      curl -f -s -C - ${URL} -o ${BINARY_FILE} || rc=$?
      # Due to limitations in the current Nexus repo:
      # curl returns 33 when there's a resume attempt with no more bytes to download
      # curl returns 2 after finishing a resumed download
      # with -f curl returns 22 on a 404
      if [ "$rc" = 22 ]; then
	  # looks like the requested file doesn't actually exist so stop here
	  return 22
      fi
      if [ -z "$rc" ] || [ $rc -eq 33 ] || [ $rc -eq 2 ]; then
          # The checksum validates that RC 33 or 2 are not real failures
          echo "==> File downloaded. Verifying the md5sum..."
          localMd5sum=$(md5sum ${BINARY_FILE} | awk '{print $1}')
          remoteMd5sum=$(curl -s ${URL}.md5)
          if [ "$localMd5sum" == "$remoteMd5sum" ]; then
              echo "==> Extracting ${BINARY_FILE}..."
              tar xzf ./${BINARY_FILE} --overwrite
	      echo "==> Done."
              rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5
          else
              echo "Download failed: the local md5sum is different from the remote md5sum. Please try again."
              rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5
              exit 1
          fi
      else
          echo "Failure downloading binaries (curl RC=$rc). Please try again and the download will resume from where it stopped."
          exit 1
      fi
}

# This will attempt to download the .tar.gz all at once, but will trigger the
# binaryIncrementalDownload() function upon a failure, allowing for resume
# if there are network failures.
binaryDownload() {
      local BINARY_FILE=$1
      local URL=$2
      echo "===> Downloading: " ${URL}
      # Check if a previous failure occurred and the file was partially downloaded
      if [ -e ${BINARY_FILE} ]; then
          echo "==> Partial binary file found. Resuming download..."
          binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL}
      else
          curl ${URL} | tar xz || rc=$?
          if [ ! -z "$rc" ]; then
              echo "==> There was an error downloading the binary file. Switching to incremental download."
              echo "==> Downloading file..."
              binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL}
	  else
	      echo "==> Done."
          fi
      fi
}

binariesInstall() {
  echo "===> Downloading version ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binaries"
  binaryDownload ${BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/${ARCH}-${VERSION}/${BINARY_FILE}
  if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then
     echo
     echo "------> ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binary is not available to download <----"
     echo
   fi

  echo "===> Downloading version ${CA_TAG} platform specific fabric-ca-client binary"
  binaryDownload ${CA_BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca/${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}/${CA_BINARY_FILE}
  if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then
     echo
     echo "------> ${CA_TAG} fabric-ca-client binary is not available to download  (Available from 1.1.0-rc1) <----"
     echo
   fi
}

dockerInstall() {
  which docker >& /dev/null
  NODOCKER=$?
  if [ "${NODOCKER}" == 0 ]; then
	  echo "===> Pulling fabric Images"
	  dockerFabricPull ${FABRIC_TAG}
	  echo "===> Pulling fabric ca Image"
	  dockerCaPull ${CA_TAG}
	  echo "===> Pulling thirdparty docker images"
	  dockerThirdPartyImagesPull ${THIRDPARTY_TAG}
	  echo
	  echo "===> List out hyperledger docker images"
	  docker images | grep hyperledger*
  else
    echo "========================================================="
    echo "Docker not installed, bypassing download of Fabric images"
    echo "========================================================="
  fi
}

DOCKER=true
SAMPLES=true
BINARIES=true

# Parse commandline args pull out
# version and/or ca-version strings first
if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
  VERSION=$1;shift
  if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
    CA_VERSION=$1;shift
    if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
      THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=$1;shift
    fi
  fi
fi

# prior to 1.2.0 architecture was determined by uname -m
if [[ $VERSION =~ ^1\.[0-1]\.* ]]; then
  export FABRIC_TAG=${MARCH}-${VERSION}
  export CA_TAG=${MARCH}-${CA_VERSION}
  export THIRDPARTY_TAG=${MARCH}-${THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION}
else
  # starting with 1.2.0, multi-arch images will be default
  : ${CA_TAG:="$CA_VERSION"}
  : ${FABRIC_TAG:="$VERSION"}
  : ${THIRDPARTY_TAG:="$THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION"}
fi

BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-${ARCH}-${VERSION}.tar.gz
CA_BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-ca-${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}.tar.gz

# then parse opts
while getopts "h?dsb" opt; do
  case "$opt" in
    h|\?)
      printHelp
      exit 0
    ;;
    d)  DOCKER=false
    ;;
    s)  SAMPLES=false
    ;;
    b)  BINARIES=false
    ;;
  esac
done

if [ "$SAMPLES" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing hyperledger/fabric-samples repo"
  echo
  samplesInstall
fi
if [ "$BINARIES" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric binaries"
  echo
  binariesInstall
fi
if [ "$DOCKER" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric docker images"
  echo
  dockerInstall
fi

运行该脚本

ubuntu:~$ bash ./bootstrap.sh 1.1.0

该脚本将自动下载fabric-samples源码，下载Fabric Docker镜像。

查看下载的镜像

ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hyperledger/fabric-ca                                                                                    1.2.0               66cc132bd09c        2 weeks ago         252MB
hyperledger/fabric-ca                                                                                    latest              66cc132bd09c        2 weeks ago         252MB
hyperledger/fabric-tools                                                                                 1.2.0               379602873003        2 weeks ago         1.51GB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv                                                                                 1.2.0               6acf31e2d9a4        2 weeks ago         1.43GB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer                                                                               1.2.0               4baf7789a8ec        2 weeks ago         152MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer                                                                                  1.2.0               82c262e65984        2 weeks ago         159MB
hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper                                                                             0.4.10              2b51158f3898        3 weeks ago         1.44GB
hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper                                                                             latest              2b51158f3898        3 weeks ago         1.44GB
hyperledger/fabric-kafka                                                                                 0.4.10              936aef6db0e6        3 weeks ago         1.45GB
hyperledger/fabric-kafka                                                                                 latest              936aef6db0e6        3 weeks ago         1.45GB
hyperledger/fabric-couchdb                                                                               0.4.10              3092eca241fc        3 weeks ago         1.61GB
hyperledger/fabric-couchdb                                                                               latest              3092eca241fc        3 weeks ago         1.61GB
hyperledger/fabric-baseimage                                                                             amd64-0.4.10        62513965e238        3 weeks ago         1.39GB
hyperledger/fabric-baseos                                                                                amd64-0.4.10        52190e831002        3 weeks ago         132MB
hyperledger/fabric-tools                                                                                 latest              b7bfddf508bc        4 months ago        1.46GB
hyperledger/fabric-tools                                                                                 x86_64-1.1.0        b7bfddf508bc        4 months ago        1.46GB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer                                                                               latest              ce0c810df36a        4 months ago        180MB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer                                                                               x86_64-1.1.0        ce0c810df36a        4 months ago        180MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer                                                                                  latest              b023f9be0771        4 months ago        187MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer                                                                                  x86_64-1.1.0        b023f9be0771        4 months ago        187MB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv                                                                                 latest              c8b4909d8d46        4 months ago        1.39GB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv                                                                                 x86_64-1.1.0        c8b4909d8d46        4 months ago        1.39GB
hyperledger/fabric-baseos                                                                                x86_64-0.4.6        220e5cf3fb7f        5 months ago        151MB
java                                                                                                     latest              d23bdf5b1b1b        18 months ago       643

因为我执行了v1.1.0和v1.2.0两个版本的命令，所以下载的镜像会更多，读者根据自身情况进行判断，理论上，只要该命令不报错，则将会下载正确的镜像

查看下载的Fabric脚本命令

ubuntu:~$ ls fabric-samples/bin

• configtxgen
• configtxlator
• cryptogen
• discover
• fabric-ca-client
• get-docker-images.sh
• idemixgen
• orderer
• peer

添加这些脚本到环境变量

ubuntu:~$ vi ~/.profile
# 在最后一行添加
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/fabric-samples/bin

保存文件并退出，使环境变量生效

ubuntu:~$ source ~/.profile

验证是否添加成功，在终端中输入

ubuntu:~$ cryptogen --help
usage: cryptogen [<flags>] <command> [<args> ...]
...

如上显示，则证明环境变量配置成功

总结

至此，整个Fabric的开发环境配置完成。

更多学习记录将会持续更新。

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参考文献：

Go语言安装教程: https://golang.org/doc/install

Fabric手册: http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/