Windows 8.1 store app 开发笔记

原文:Windows 8.1 store app 开发笔记

零、简介

　　一切都要从博彦之星比赛说起。今年比赛的主题是使用Bing API（主要提到的有Bing Map API、Bing Translate API和Bing AD API）设计移动应用（Windows store app和Windows phone app）。从7月初开始设计到现在，应用的功能已经基本完成，就差美工来给界面优化一下。下面是我设计的应用的功能和实现的方法，

一、BING MAP API

　　作为一个以Bing Map API为主的应用，主要有以下的功能：

　　1、定位：

 private LocationRange range = null;
         private CancellationTokenSource cts = null;
         private Geolocator geolocator = null;

 private async void locateButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // 根据定位按钮的标签判定是“定位”或“取消定位”
             if (locateButton.Label == "定位")
             {
                 locateButton.Label = "取消定位";
                 try
                 {
                     // 获得cancellation token
                     cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
                     CancellationToken token = cts.Token;
                     this.infoBlock.Text = "正在定位";

                     // 获得位置
                     Geoposition pos = await geolocator.GetGeopositionAsync().AsTask(token);
                     this.infoBlock.Text = "定位成功";
                     // App.location是在App.xaml.cs中用于保存定位位置的全局变量
                     App.location = new Location(pos.Coordinate.Point.Position.Latitude, pos.Coordinate.Point.Position.Longitude);

                     // 设置默认地图缩放等级
                     double zoomLevel = 13.0f;
                     // range是一个自定义控件，用一个大圆来涵盖定位区域
                     MapLayer.SetPosition(range, App.location);
                     rangeLayer.Children.Add(range);
                     zoomLevel = 15.0f;

                     // 设置地图视野到给定的位置和缩放等级
                     map.SetView(App.location, zoomLevel);
                 }
                 catch (System.UnauthorizedAccessException)
                 {
                     this.infoBlock.Text = "定位请求被拒绝";
                 }
                 catch (TaskCanceledException)
                 {
                     this.infoBlock.Text = "定位被取消";
                 }
                 catch (System.Exception)
                 {
                     this.infoBlock.Text = "暂时无法获得您的位置";
                 }
                 finally
                 {
                     cts = null;
                 }
                 // 重置按钮
                 locateButton.Label = "定位";
                 //locateButton.Icon = ;
             }
             else
             {
                 // 取消定位
                 if (cts != null)
                 {
                     cts.Cancel();
                     cts = null;
                 }
                 // 重置按钮
                 locateButton.Label = "定位";
                 //locateButton.Icon = ;
             }
         }            

locateButton_Click

　　2、添加图钉：

 private async void AddPinButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // 实例化一个图钉类（这个图钉类是我自定义的）
             pin = new MapediaPin(map);
             // 为图钉添加Drag和Tap触发方法（当然还有Hold等）
             pin.drag += pin_Dragged;
             pin.Tapped += pin_Tapped;
             //将图钉显示到地图的中央
             MapLayer.SetPosition(pin, map.Center);
             pinLayer.Children.Add(pin);
         }

AddPinButton_Click

　　3、拖动图钉：

 private bool isDragging = false;        // pin正在拖拽标志

         // 当pin被拖动时激活
         public Action<Location> drag;
         // 当pin开始被拖动时激活
         public Action<Location> dragStart;
         // 当pin停止拖动时激活
         public Action<Location> dragEnd;
         // 当pin被按下时，得到被按下pin的ID，判断是否可拖动，执行操作
         protected override void OnPointerPressed(PointerRoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             base.OnPointerPressed(e);

             // 如果可以被拖动则开始拖动
             if (draggable)
             {
                 if (map != null)
                 {
                     center = map.Center;
                     // 为map的下列方面重写
                     map.ViewChanged += map_ViewChanged;
                     map.PointerReleasedOverride += map_PointerReleased;
                     map.PointerMovedOverride += map_PointerMoved;
                 }
                 // 得到当前鼠标位置
                 var pointerPosition = e.GetCurrentPoint(map);
                 Location location = null;
                 // 开始拖动
                 if (dragStart != null)
                 {
                     dragStart(location);
                 }

                 this.isDragging = true;
             }
         }

         // 当pin被移动时
         private void map_PointerMoved(object sender, PointerRoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // 检查是否正在被拖动
             if (this.isDragging)
             {
                 // 随着鼠标移动图标
                 var pointerPosition = e.GetCurrentPoint(map);

                 Location location = null;

                 if (map.TryPixelToLocation(pointerPosition.Position, out location))
                 {
                     // 将图钉（this）移到到当前鼠标的位置（location）
                     MapLayer.SetPosition(this, location);
                 }
                 if (drag != null)
                 {
                     drag(location);
                 }
             }
         }

         // 当pin被松开时
         private void map_PointerReleased(object sender, PointerRoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             if (this.isDragging)
             {
                 if (map != null)
                 {
                     map.ViewChanged -= map_ViewChanged;
                     map.PointerReleasedOverride -= map_PointerReleased;
                     map.PointerMovedOverride -= map_PointerMoved;
                 }

                 var pointerPosition = e.GetCurrentPoint(map);
                 Location location;
                 map.TryPixelToLocation(pointerPosition.Position, out location);
                 // 得到最终的经纬度
                 latitude = location.Latitude;
                 longitude = location.Longitude;

                 location = null;

                 if (dragEnd != null)
                 {
                     dragEnd(location);
                 }

                 this.isDragging = false;
                 this.draggable = false;
             }
         }

PinDrag

二、BING TRANSLATE API

　　用的这个API的地方，是在对图钉上面的信息进行翻译的时候：

　　翻译：

 private HttpClient client = null;            // 用于通信的HTTP客户端

         private async void translateButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // 根据translateButton的标签判定是“翻译”或“取消翻译”
             if (translateButton.Label == "翻译")
             {
                 // 进行网络检查（方法见 五、UTILITIES）
                 if (!App.CheckNetwork())
                 {
                     //this.infoBlock.Text = "无网络连接，请检查网络";
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     try
                     {
                         this.infoBlock.Text = "正在检查网络连接...";
                         string clientID = "你的clientID";
                         string clientSecret = "你的clientSecret";
                         //AzureDataMarket可以从网上找到，是一个已经写好的用于在Azure进行验证的类
                         var _Authentication = new AzureDataMarket(clientID, clientSecret);
                         AzureDataMarket.Token m_Token = await _Authentication.GetTokenAsync();
                         string auth = m_Token.Header;
                         //实例化该类,以便于后面发送Http请求获取网络数据
                         client = new HttpClient();
                         //设置读取响应内容时缓冲区的最大字节数
                         client.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = ;
                         //设置请求头部
                         client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", auth);
                     }
                     catch
                     {
                         //this.infoBlock.Text = "连接到服务器失败";
                     }
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 this.translateButton.Label = "翻译";
             }
         }

         // 将descriptionBlock中的内容翻译成language所表示的语言
         private async void translate(String language)
         {
             //language可表示的语言：ar bg ca zh-CHS zh-CHT cs da nl en et fi fr de el ht he hi mww hu id it ja tlh tlh-Qaak ko lv lt ms mt no fa pl pt ro ru sk sl es sv th tr uk ur vi
             string url = "http://api.microsofttranslator.com/v2/Http.svc/Translate?text=" + System.Net.WebUtility.UrlEncode(this.descriptionBlock.Text) + "&to=" + language;
             //try
             {
                 string strTranslated = await client.GetStringAsync(url);
                 XDocument xTranslation = XDocument.Parse(strTranslated);
                 string strTransText = xTranslation.Root.FirstNode.ToString();
                 this.titleTranslateBlock.Text = strTransText;

                 this.translateButton.Label = "取消翻译";
             }
             //catch (Exception ex)
             {
                 //     this.infoBlock.Text = "不能访问Bing Translate API，错误原因：" + ex.Message.ToString();
             }

         }
         // 当englishButton按下时，翻译成英语
         private void englishButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             translate("en");
         }
         // 当simChineseButton按下时，翻译成简体中文
         private void simChineseButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             translate("zh-CHS");
         }

translateButton_Click

三、BING AD API

　　待应用......

四、LIVE SDK

　　1、登入和登出live帐号：

             // live SDK使用范围：登入、获得用户基本信息、使用onedrive上传功能
  private readonly string[] scopes = new string[] {
             "wl.signin", "wl.basic", "wl.photos", "wl.skydrive", "wl.skydrive_update"};
         private LiveAuthClient authClient = null;
         private LiveConnectClient liveClient = null;

 private void loginButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // 根据loginButton判定是“登入”或“登出”
             if (this.loginButton.Label == "登出")
             {
                 this.authClient.Logout();
                 this.loginButton.Label = "Live帐号登入";
                 this.loginBlock.Text = "未登入";
             }
             else
             {
                 login();
             }
         }

 private async void login()
         {
             try
             {
                 this.loginButton.IsEnabled = false;

                 this.authClient = new LiveAuthClient();
                 this.loginBlock.Text = "登入中";
                 // 登入时显示进度的进度环
                 this.loginProgress.IsActive = true;
                 // 检验网络状态
                 if (App.CheckNetwork())
                 {
                     // 得到登入结果
                     LiveLoginResult loginResult = await this.authClient.LoginAsync(this.scopes);
                     if (loginResult.Status == LiveConnectSessionStatus.Connected)
                     {
                         App.Session = loginResult.Session;
                         this.liveClient = new LiveConnectClient(loginResult.Session);
                         LiveOperationResult operationResult = await this.liveClient.GetAsync("me");

                         // 当用户登入后
                         dynamic meResult = operationResult.Result;
                         this.loginButton.Label = "登出";
                         if (meResult.first_name != null && meResult.last_name != null)
                         {
                             //显示用户的登录信息
                             this.loginBlock.Text = "欢迎！ " + meResult.first_name + " " + meResult.last_name;
                         }
                         else
                         {
                             this.loginBlock.Text = "欢迎！ ";
                         }
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         this.loginBlock.Text = "未登入";
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     this.infoBlock.Text = "无网络连接，请检查网络";
                     this.loginBlock.Text = "未登入";
                 }
             }
             catch (LiveAuthException)
             {
                 this.infoBlock.Text = "登入请求被拒绝";
             }
             finally
             {
                 // CanLogout为false的情况：应用使用windows已登入的账号时
                 if (this.loginButton.Label == "登出" && this.authClient != null && !this.authClient.CanLogout)
                 {
                     this.loginButton.IsEnabled = false;
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     this.loginButton.IsEnabled = true;
                 }
                 this.loginProgress.IsActive = false;
             }
         }

loginButton_Click

　　2、上传图片至OneDrive：

 private async void syncButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // App.Session是用来记录当前登入账户的一次会话，登入live帐号之后产生
             if (App.Session != null)
             {
                 // 得到本地的photo文件夹
                 IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folders = await App.photosFolder.GetFoldersAsync();
                 // 在Onedrive中新建一个文件夹，名字为“新建文件夹”
                 string skyDriveFolder = await CreateDirectoryAsync("新建文件夹", "me/skydrive");
                  // 对photo文件夹中的子文件夹进行遍历
                 foreach (StorageFolder folder in folders)
                 {
                     // 获得子文件夹下的所有文件
         IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> files = await folder.GetFilesAsync();
                     foreach (StorageFile file in files)
                     {
                         // 将文件上传
         LiveOperationResult result = await liveClient.BackgroundUploadAsync(skyDriveFolder, file.DisplayName + ".jpg", file, OverwriteOption.Overwrite);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }

 private async Task<string> CreateDirectoryAsync(string folderName, string parentFolder)
         {
             string folderId = null;
             // 查询OneDrive中是否含有folderName文件夹
             var queryFolder = parentFolder + "/files?filter=folders,albums";
             var opResult = await liveClient.GetAsync(queryFolder);
             dynamic result = opResult.Result;

             foreach (dynamic folder in result.data)
             {
                 // 如果存在这个文件夹，则返回文件夹名
                 if (folder.name == folderName)
                 {
                     folderId = folder.id;
                     break;
                 }
             }

             if (folderId == null)
             {
                 // 不存在则创建
                 var folderData = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                 folderData.Add("name", folderName);
                 opResult = await liveClient.PostAsync(parentFolder, folderData);
                 result = opResult.Result;
                 folderId = result.id;
             }

             return folderId;
         }

syncButton_Click

五、微博 SDK

　　1、连接微博帐号：

 private void shareButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             // 检查网络状态
             if (App.CheckNetwork())
             {
                 // 检查该应用是否已和微博连接
                 if (App.oauthClient.IsAuthorized == false)
                 {
                     App.oauthClient.LoginCallback += (isSucces, err, response) =>
                     {
                         if (isSucces)                   // 如果成功
                         {
                             // TODO: deal the OAuth result.
                         }
                         else
                         {
                             this.titleBox.Text = err.errMessage;
                         }
                     };
                     App.oauthClient.BeginOAuth();    // 开始验证
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 // no internet.
             }
             if (App.oauthClient.IsAuthorized == true)       // 验证成功，开始分享
             {
                 // TODO SHARE
             }
             else
             {
                 this.titleBox.Text = "验证失败";
             }
         }

shareButton_Click

　　2、发布（带图片）微博

 private async void shareWithPhoto(String path)
         {
             var engine = new SdkNetEngine();
             // 微博sdk提供的方法，实例化一个cmd类
             ISdkCmdBase cmdBase = new CmdPos    MsgWithPic()
             {
                 // 发布的文本消息
                 Status = shareTextBox.Text,
                 // 发布的图片绝对路径
                 PicPath = path
             };
             // 发布微博
             var result = await engine.RequestCmd(SdkRequestType.POST_MESSAGE_PIC, cmdBase);

  if (result.errCode == SdkErrCode.SUCCESS)
             {
                  // 发布成功
             }
             // 发布失败
             else
             {
                 // TODO: deal the error.
                 // 失败的状态码
                 switch (result.errCode)
                 {
                     case SdkErrCode.NET_UNUSUAL: this.descriptionBox.Text = "NET_UNUSUAL"; break;
                     case SdkErrCode.SERVER_ERR: this.descriptionBox.Text = "SERVER_ERR"; break;
                     case SdkErrCode.TIMEOUT: this.descriptionBox.Text = "TIMEOUT"; break;
                     case SdkErrCode.USER_CANCEL: this.descriptionBox.Text = "USER_CANCEL"; break;
                     case SdkErrCode.XPARAM_ERR: this.descriptionBox.Text = "XPARAM_ERR"; break;
                 }
                 this.descriptionBox.Text = result.specificCode;
             }
         }

shareWithPhoto

六、UTILITIES

　　1、检查网络状态

 public static Boolean CheckNetwork()
         {
             bool isOnline = false;
             //获得当前的网络连接状态(using Windows.Networking.Connectivity
             ConnectionProfile connectionProfile = NetworkInformation.GetInternetConnectionProfile();

             if (connectionProfile == null)
             {
                 //TODO No net work
             }
             else
             {
                 isOnline = true;
             }
             return isOnline;
         }

CheckNetwork

　　2、向服务器post请求（服务器端我用的是Servlet+Tomcat+MySQL来接收和处理）

 private readonly static String url = "请求地址";

         private static async Task<string> postData(String data)
         {
             String result = String.Empty;
             // 设置字符编码
             Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
             // 将请求的数据转换为字节流
             Byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(data);
             // 实例化请求对象，有多种请求对象可以使用
             WebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url);
             // 请求方式和类型
             req.Method = "POST";
             req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
             using (Stream outputStream = await req.GetRequestStreamAsync())
             {
                 // 发送字节流信息
                 outputStream.Write(bytes, , bytes.Length);
             }
             using (WebResponse webResponse = await req.GetResponseAsync())
             {
                 // 得到响应信息
                 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream());
                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();
             }

             return result;
         }

七、总结

　　第一次上手C#和xaml，而且是在这略浩大的工程中（对我而言），在开发过程中不免会遇到各种困难，当然也积累了各种经验。经历了多次Visual Studio 2013的安装（从Update1到Update3，从vs安装时写临时文件夹拒绝访问到designer安装失败），各种神奇的、离奇的失败最后都在谷歌和MSDN上找到了答案，也锻炼了我查找和阅读答案的能力。希望以上我的分享能给刚上手win8 app开发的同行们减轻一些查api（当然api也是要仔细看的）查谷歌的负担，共同进步。