url参数和字典的相互转化

目标url：https://www.baidu.com/s?&wd=python&ie=utf-8　　

将字典转成url参数

• 使用urllib.parse的urlencode方法，将字典对象传入返回标准的url参数格式字符串

 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 params = {'wd': 'python', 'ie': 'utf-8'}
 result = urlencode(params) # wd=python&ie=utf-8

• 使用requests

 import requests
 
 params = {'wd': 'python', 'ie': 'utf-8'}
 r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/s', params=params)
 result = r.url.split('?')[1]  # wd=python&ie=utf-8

将url参数转成字典

• 使用urllib.parse的parse_qs和urlparse方法

 from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlparse
 
 url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?&wd=python&ie=utf-8'
 # 提取url参数
 query = urlparse(url).query  # wd=python&ie=utf-8
 # 将字符串转换为字典
 params = parse_qs(query)  # {'wd': ['python'], 'ie': ['utf-8']}
 """所得的字典的value都是以列表的形式存在，若列表中都只有一个值"""
 result = {key: params[key][0] for key in params}  # {'wd': 'python', 'ie': 'utf-8'}