iOS的KVO使用和轻量级封装

KVO的使用方法

• 注冊

[object addObserver:observer forKeyPath:@"text" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];

• 实现回调方法

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context
{
    if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"text"])
    {
        NSLog(@"text:@%@", change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]);
    }
}

• 释放的时候取消注冊

[object removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"text"];

这里有几个问题

1. 注冊的时候參数过多
2. 释放的时候必须取消注冊
3. 仅仅有一个回调,当注冊的观察者过多的时候,会使得代码变得杂乱

KVO的封装

以下我们将针对这几个问题进行封装

• 定义一个观察者类

@interface XYObserver : NSObject
@end
 
@interface XYObserver ()
 
@property (nonatomic, assign) XYObserverType type;      // 观察者的类型
 
@property (nonatomic, weak) id target;                  // 被观察的对象的值改变时后的响应方法所在的对象
@property (nonatomic, assign) SEL selector;             // 被观察的对象的值改变时后的响应方法
@property (nonatomic, copy) XYObserver_block_sourceObject_new_old block;        // 值改变时运行的block
 
@property (nonatomic, assign) id  sourceObject;         // 被观察的对象
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *keyPath;        // 被观察的对象的keyPath
 
-(instancetype) initWithSourceObject:(id)sourceObject keyPath:(NSString*)keyPath target:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector type:(XYObserverType)type;
 
-(instancetype) initWithSourceObject:(id)sourceObject keyPath:(NSString*)keyPath block:(XYObserver_block_sourceObject_new_old)block;
 
@end

• 加入NSObject关于观察者的类别

@interface NSObject (XYObserver)
 
@property (nonatomic, readonly, strong) NSMutableDictionary *observers;
 
/**
 * api parameters 说明
 *
 * sourceObject 被观察的对象
 
 * keyPath 被观察的属性keypath
 
 * target 默认是self
 
 * selector @selector(propertyNew:)
            @selector(propertyNew:old:)
            @selector(propertyIn:new:)
            @selector(propertyIn:new:old:)
 
 * type 依据selector自己主动赋值
 
 * block selector, block二选一
 */
-(void) observeWithObject:(id)sourceObject property:(NSString*)property;
-(void) observeWithObject:(id)sourceObject property:(NSString*)property block:(XYObserver_block_sourceObject_new_old)block;
 
-(void) removeObserverWithObject:(id)sourceObject property:(NSString *)property;
-(void) removeObserverWithObject:(id)sourceObject;
-(void) removeAllObserver;
 
@end

• 在这里我们查询的实现的方法

-(void) observeWithObject:(id)object property:(NSString*)property{
 SEL aSel = NSSelectorFromString([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@New:", property]);
    if ([self respondsToSelector:aSel]) {
        [self observeWithObject:object
                        keyPath:property
                         target:self
                       selector:aSel
                        type:XYObserverType_new];
        return;
    }
    .
    .
    .
}

• 用block的话就直接保存

-(void) observeWithObject:(id)object property:(NSString*)property block:(XYObserver_block_sourceObject_new_old)block{
    [self observeWithObject:object keyPath:property block:block];
}

• 处理实现方法

-(void) observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString*)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary*)change context:(void*)context
{
    __weak __typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    if (_block) {
        _block(weakSelf, change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey], change[NSKeyValueChangeOldKey]);
        return;
    }
 
    if (_type == XYObserverType_new) {
        action(_target, _selector, change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]);
    }else if (_type == XYObserverType_new_old) {
        action(_target, _selector, change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey], change[NSKeyValueChangeOldKey]);
    }else if (_type == XYObserverType_self_new) {
        action(_target, _selector, self, change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]);
    }else if (_type == XYObserverType_self_new_old) {
        action(_target, _selector, self, change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey], change[NSKeyValueChangeOldKey]);
    }
}

• 把全部的观察者加入到一个字典里

-(void) observeWithObject:(id)object keyPath:(NSString*)keyPath target:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector type:(XYObserverType)type{
    XYObserver *ob = [[XYObserver alloc] initWithSourceObject:object keyPath:keyPath target:target selector:selector type:type];
    NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@_%@", object, keyPath];
    [self.observers setObject:ob forKey:key];
}
-(void) observeWithObject:(id)object property:(NSString*)property block:(XYObserver_block_sourceObject_new_old)block{
    [self observeWithObject:object keyPath:property block:block];
}
-(id) observers{
    id object = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, NSObject_observers);
    if (nil == object) {
        NSMutableDictionary *dic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:8];
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, NSObject_observers, dic, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
        return dic;
    }
    return object;
}

• 当对象释放的时候会清空字典里的观察者对象,在观察者对象的dealloc方法里面取消注冊观察者

-(void) dealloc
{
    if (_sourceObject) { [_sourceObject removeObserver:self forKeyPath:_keyPath]; }
}

• 为了方便书写,定义几个宏

#define ON_KVO_1_( __property )     -(void) __property##New:(id)newValue
#define ON_KVO_2_( __property )     -(void) __property##New:(id)newValue old:(id)oldValue
#define ON_KVO_3_( __property )     -(void) __property##In:(id)sourceObject new:(id)newValue
#define ON_KVO_4_( __property )     -(void) __property##In:(id)sourceObject new:(id)newValue old:(id)oldValue

使用的demo

[self observeWithObject:self property:@"testKVO"];
 
ON_KVO_4_(testKVO){
     NSLogD(@"obj:%@ new:%@ old:%@", sourceObject, newValue, oldValue);
}
 
[self observeWithObject:self property:@"testKVO2" block:^(id sourceObject, id newValue, id oldValue) {
        NSLogD(@"obj:%@ new:%@ old:%@", sourceObject, newValue, oldValue);
    }];

这个封装的长处是在使用KVO的时候不须要记住太多东西..

代码能够在https://github.com/uxyheaven/XYQuickDevelop下载到