zabbix 数据库分表操作

近期zabbix数据库占用的io高，在页面查看图形很慢，而且数据表已经很大，将采用把数据库的数据目录移到新的磁盘，将几个大表进行分表操作

一、数据迁移：

1、数据同步到新的磁盘上，先停止mysql(不停止同步的话就有问题)：
  systemctl stop mariadb
  rsync -av /var/lib/mysql/ /mysql_data/

2、修改mysql的配置文件/etc/my.cnf：
  datadir=/mysql_data

3、启动mysql：
  systemctl stop mariadb

二、数据库分表：

1、查看表空间占用情况：
select table_name, (data_length+index_length)/1024/1024 as total_mb, table_rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix';

2、一般都是这几个表很大history、history_str、history_text、history_uint、trends、trends_uint，先为每个表创建空表（数据很大的话执行的时间太长）：
history：
CREATE TABLE `history_20190619` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  KEY `history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

history_str：
CREATE TABLE `history_str_20190619` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  KEY `history_str_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

history_text：
CREATE TABLE `history_text_20190619` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  KEY `history_text_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

history_uint：
CREATE TABLE `history_uint_20190619` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  KEY `history_uint_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

trends：
CREATE TABLE `trends_20190619` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value_min` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  `value_avg` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  `value_max` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

trends_uint：
CREATE TABLE `trends_uint_20190619` (
  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value_min` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value_avg` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `value_max` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

3、重命名表：
rename table history to history_back;
rename table history_20190619 to history;

rename table history_str to history_str_back;
rename table history_str_20190619 to history_str;

rename table history_text to history_text_back;
rename table history_text_20190619 to history_text;

rename table history_uint to history_uint_back;
rename table history_uint_20190619 to history_uint;

rename table trends to trends_back;
rename table trends_20190619 to trends;

rename table trends_uint to trends_uint_back;
rename table trends_uint_20190619 to trends_uint;

4、将下面sql复制到partition.sql中，执行：
mysql  -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix  < partition.sql
5、添加到定时任务：
01 01 * * *  mysql  -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e"CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &>/dev/null
6、手动执行：
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &> /root/partition.log&  

innodb_file_per_table 

分表sql

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
        /*
           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
           PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
        */
        /*
           Verify that the partition does not already exist
        */

        DECLARE RETROWS INT;
        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;

        IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
        /*
           1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
           2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
           3. Execute the SQL from #2.
        */
        SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
        SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
        PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
        EXECUTE STMT;
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
        /*
           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
           DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
        */
        DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
        DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);

        /*
           Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
           in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with
           a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
        */
        DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
        SELECT partition_name
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;

        /*
           Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create
           @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
           should be deleted.
        */
        SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
        SET @drop_partitions = "";

        /*
           Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
        */
        OPEN myCursor;
        read_loop: LOOP
        FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
        IF done THEN
    LEAVE read_loop;
        END IF;
        SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
        END LOOP;
        IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
        /*
           1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
           2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
           3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
        */
        SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
        PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
        EXECUTE STMT;
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

        SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
        ELSE
        /*
           No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
           that no changes were made.
        */
        SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
        DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
        DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

        CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
        SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

        SET @__interval = 1;
        create_loop: LOOP
        IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
    LEAVE create_loop;
        END IF;

        SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
        SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
        IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
    CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
        END IF;
        SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
        SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
        END LOOP;

        SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
        CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
        DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;

        /*
         * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
         */
        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;

        /*
         * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
         */
        IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
        /*
         * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
         * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
         * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
         * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
         */
        SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
        SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');

        -- Create the partitioning query
        SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
        SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");

        -- Run the partitioning query
        PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
        EXECUTE STMT;
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 14);
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 14);
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 14);
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 14);
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 14);
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);
               CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;