Django+Nginx+MongoDB+Mysql+uWsgi的搭建
搭建目标如下:
图:系统架构图
这个系统可以提供web服务及其它查询应用服务,我用其做一个二手房信息搜集、处理及分发的系统,可以通过浏览器访问,也可以通过定制的客户端进行访问。
一、安装篇
1、下载安装python

- # wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tgz
- #
- # tar xvfz Python-2.7.3.tgz
- # cd Python-2.7.3
- #./configure
- # make
- # sudo make install

下面是一些python安装工具,可以方便的安装所缺模块
python的包管理setuptools安装
- # wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
- # python ez_setup.py
python的包管理pip安装(需要先安装setuptools)
- # wget http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py
- # python distribute_setup.py
- # wget https://github.com/pypa/pip/raw/master/contrib/get-pip.py
- # python get-pip.py
下面使用pip 安装readline
- # sudo pip install readline
2、下载安装Django
- # wget https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.4.3/tarball/
- #
- # tar xvfz Django-1.4.3.tar.gz
- # cd Django-1.4.3
- # sudo python setup.py install
3、下载安装MongoDB
l 先下载安装scons
- # wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/scons/files/scons/2.1.0.alpha.20101125/scons-2.1.0.alpha.20101125.tar.gz/download
- #
- # tar xvfz scons-2.1.0.alpha.20101125.tar.gz
- # cd scons-2.1.0.alpha.20101125
- # sudo python setup.py install
l 下载安装MongoDB
- # wget http://downloads.mongodb.org/src/mongodb-src-r2.2.2.tar.gz
- #
- # tar xvfz mongodb-src-r2.2.2.tar.gz
- # cd mongodb-src-r2.2.2
- # scons all
- # sudo scons --prefix=/usr/local/mongodb --full install
l 下载安装pyMongo
- # wget wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pymongo/pymongo-2.4.2.tar.gz
- #
- # tar xvfz pymongo-2.4.2.tar.gz
- # cd pymondo-2.4.2
- # sudo python setup.py install
测试pyMongo是否安装成功
- # python
- > import pymongo
如果没有返回错误,则表明安装成功。
l 下载安装mongoengine【暂时没有用到】
- # wget http://github.com/mongoengine/mongoengine/tarball/v0.6.20 --no-check-certificate
- #
- # tar xvfz v0.6.20
- # cd MongoEngine-mongoengine-9cc6164
- # sudo python setup.py install
测试mongoengine是否安装成功
- # python
- > from mongoengine import connect
如果没有返回错误,则表明安装成功。
4、下载安装MySQL
l 先下载安装cmake:

- # wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
- #
- # tar xvfz cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
- # cd cmake-2.8.8
- #./configure
- # make
- # sudo make install

l 下载安装mysql

- # wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.29.tar.gz
- #
- # tar xvfz mysql-5.5.29.tar.gz
- # cd mysql-5.5.29
- # cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/localmysql/data/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/localmysql/data/mysqld.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_unicode_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0
- # make
- # sudo make install

l 下载安装mysql-python
- # wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/mysql-python/1.2.3/MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
- #
- # tar xvfz MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
- # cd MySQL-python-1.2.3
在安装前,需要修改site.py中mysql_config的路径(为mysql安装路径下的/bin/mysql_config),
- # site.py
- mysql_config = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
更改完后,可以进行编译和安装了
- # python setup.py build
- # sudo python setup.py install
通过测试import MySQLdb来判断是否安装成功,这里还需要将mysql安装路径下的lib加入到环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH中。
- # export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
注:cmake选项说明
选项 |
说明 |
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX |
mysql安装的主目录。默认为/usr/local/mysql |
-DMYSQL_DATADIR |
mysql数据保存的路径自定义 |
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR |
系统Socket文件(.sock)设置基于该文件路径进行Socket连接必要为绝对路径 |
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE |
存储引擎设置 |
-DSYSCONFDIR |
mysql配置文件my.cnf地址默认/etc下 |
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT |
数据库服务器TCP/IP连接的监听端口默认为3306 |
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS -DDEFAULT_CHARSET -DDEFAULT_COLLATION |
数据库编码设置 |
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE |
默认为关闭这里开启 |
-DWITH_DEBUG |
DEBUG开关,默认为关 |
5、下载安装uWsgi
- # wget http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-1.2.3.tar.gz
- #
- # tar xvfz uwsgi-1.2.3.tar.gz
- # cd uwsgi-1.2.3
- # python uwsgiconfig.py --build
二、配置篇
1、配置nginx(配置nginx.conf)

- server {
- listen 8080;
- server_name django;
- location / {
- root /data/htdocs/django;
- include uwsgi_params;
- uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
- }
- access_log /data/htdocs/django/access.log;
- }

2、配置uWsgi
可以将uwsgi的配置文件做成ini格式的,也可以直接在命令行进行输入,下面给出了ini文件形式的配置

- #uwsgi.ini
- [uwsgi]
- socket = 127.0.0.1:8000
- file=/data/htdocs/django/django_uwsgi.py
- pidfile = /data/htdocs/django/django_uwsgi.pid
- master = true
- workers = 4
- daemonize = /data/htdocs/django/django_uwsgi.log

其中django.py是我们需要自己定义的,它是用来将uwsgi与django进行连接的。

- #django_uwsgi.py
- #!/usr/bin/python
- import os, sys
- from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIHandler
- if not os.path.dirname(__file__) in sys.path[:1]:
- sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
- os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mysites.settings' #设置配置文件
- application = WSGIHandler() #调用django的处理函数WSGIHandler

3、配置mySQL
在安装完成后,创建mysql用户,并将mysql的目录拥有者换成mysql和mysql所属的group,并设置数据库的用户名和data的路径。
- # groupadd mysql
- # useradd -g mysql mysql
- # chown mysql.mysql -R /service/mysql/
- # /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
将配置文件拷贝到/etc/下,并重命名为my.conf
- # cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
4、配置Django连接MySQL
在安装完成后,需要创建运行环境
- # python manage.py startproject
执行后,会在创建一个文件manage.py和一个目录mysite,mysite目录中有urls.py,__init__.py,settings.py和wsgi.py文件。我们通过修改settings.py文件中的部分配置来连接mysql数据库。
假设在mysql中,创建了一个数据库test_python,并添加了一个用户名python_user且密码为python_user,而我们连接地 址为192.168.1.2的mysql服务器,端口为3306(默认),则更改settings.py如下:

- ...
- DATABASES = {
- 'default': {
- 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
- 'NAME': 'test_python', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
- 'USER': 'python_user', # Not used with sqlite3.
- 'PASSWORD': 'python_user', # Not used with sqlite3.
- 'HOST': '192.168.1.2', # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
- 'PORT': '3306', # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
- }
- }
- ...

通过django中的manage.py进行验证
- # python manage.py shell
- >> from django.db import connection
- >> cursor = connection.cursor()
如果成功,则表明连接数据库成功,其余的关于django的使用在此不多介绍。
5、配置Django连接MongoDB
这里可以直接使用PyMongo模块,也可以使用第三方的中间件mongoengine,PyMongo使用方法的介绍有很多,可以直接查看官方文档http://api.mongodb.org/python/current/api/pymongo/connection.html。
这里主要介绍mongoengine的配置方法
首先,要在settings中设置一个包含数据库信息的别名,在连接时会用到

- DATABASES = {
- ...
- 'MongoDB': {
- 'ENGINE': 'django_mongodb_engine',
- 'NAME':'test',
- }
- }
- ...

其中NAME指的是database的名字。
如果你想使用 django 的 session 和 authentication 这两个框架, 还要加入
- # add session
- SESSION_ENGINE = 'mongoengine.django.sessions'
- # add authentication
- AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ('mongoengine.django.auth.MongoEngineBackend',
- )
然后就可以使用mongoengine了。
- from mongoengine import *
- from mysite.settings import DATABASES
- conn = connect('MongoDB', ip="127.0.0.1", port=27017)
这里使用了settings中定义的别名'MongoDB'。
三、启动篇
1、启动Django服务
启动Django服务进程
- # python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
2、启动mongoDB服务进程
- # /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --port=27000 --dbpath=$HOME/data/ --logpath=$HOME/data/mongo.log
3、启动mysql服务
- # /etc/init.d/mysqld start
四、实例篇
1、通过django的模板和mysql数据库中的数据,生成一个包含人名及信息表格的html页面
首先,我们先在数据库中建立一个表peoples,并插入三条数据
- mysql> create table peoples (id int auto_increment primary key, name char(30), age int, birth date);
- mysql>
- mysql> insert into peoples(name, age, birth) values('zhangsan', 30,' 1983-1-1'),('lisi', 29, '1984-1-1'), ('wangwu', 28, '1985-1-1');
然后做一个html页面模板,名为peoples_list.html,内容如下:

- <html>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
- <head>Peoples List</head>
- <body>
- <br><br>
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <th>Name</th><th>Age</th><th>Birth</th>
- </tr>
- {% for people in peoples_list %}
- <tr>
- <td>{{ people.0 }}</td>
- <td>{{ people.1 }}</td>
- <td>{{ people.2 }}</td>
- </tr>
- {% endfor %}
- </table>
- </body>
- </html>

接下来是完成业务逻辑,保存在文件peoples.py中(使用了django自带的数据库管理模块)

- #!/bin/python
- #!/bin/python2
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- from django.db import connection
- from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
- def peoples_list(request):
- cursor = connection.cursor()
- cursor.execute('select name,age,birth from peoples')
- peoples = cursor.fetchall()
- return render_to_response('peoples_list.html', {'peoples_list':peoples})

最后修改urls.py中的配置,标红的就是修改的内容

- from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
- from peoples import peoples_list
- # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
- # from django.contrib import admin
- # admin.autodiscover()
- urlpatterns = patterns('',
- # Examples:
- # url(r'^$', 'mysite.views.home', name='home'),
- # url(r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),
- # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
- # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
- # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
- # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
- url(r'peoples_list/$', peoples_list),
- )

通过浏览器访问对应的地址就能看到最终的结果
2、使用MySQLdb来完成上面的业务逻辑
业务逻辑保存在peoples_mysqldb.py中

- #!/bin/python
- # -*- coding: utf8 -*-
- from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
- import MySQLdb
- def peoples_list_mysqldb(request):
- conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='python_user', passwd='python_user', db='test_python', charset='utf8')
- cursor = conn.cursor()
- sqlComm = "select name, age, birth from peoples"
- cursor.execute(sqlComm)
- peoples = cursor.fetchall()
- cursor.close()
- conn.close()
- return render_to_response('peoples_list.html', {'peoples_list':peoples})

修改urls.py

- from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
- #from view import current_datetimefrom peoples_mysqldb import peoples_list_mysqldb
- # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
- # from django.contrib import admin
- # admin.autodiscover()
- urlpatterns = patterns('',
- # Examples:
- # url(r'^$', 'mysite.views.home', name='home'),
- # url(r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),
- # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
- # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
- # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
- # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
- url(r'peoples_list_mysqldb/$', peoples_list_mysqldb)
- )

最终的结果为:
3、将数据库数据以json形式返回
主要是业务逻辑代码的编写:test_json.py

- # coding: utf-8
- #!/bin/python
- from django.utils import simplejson
- from django.http import HttpResponse
- from django.db import connection
- def json_peoples(request):
- cursor = connection.cursor()
- cursor.execute('select name, age, birth from peoples')
- peoples = cursor.fetchall()
- i = 0
- json_peoples = {}
- names = locals()
- for people in peoples:
- tag = 'person%s' % i
- names[tag] = {'name':people[0], 'age':people[1], 'birth':str(people[2])}
- json_peoples[tag] = names[tag]
- i = ((i+1))
- json = {'person':i}
- json['person_info'] = json_peoples
- cursor.close()
- return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(json, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True))

向urls中添加该对应关系

- from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
- #from view import current_datetime
- from json_test import json_peoples
- # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
- # from django.contrib import admin
- # admin.autodiscover()
- urlpatterns = patterns('',
- # Examples:
- # url(r'^$', 'mysite.views.home', name='home'),
- # url(r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),
- # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
- # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
- # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
- # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
- url(r'peoples_json/$', json_peoples)
- )

最终效果为:
4、通过pymongo模块访问mongodb,将结果返回成一个页面
模板还是使用第一个例子的,只要重新写一个业务逻辑即可mongodb_test.py

- #!/bin/python2
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- from django.db import connection
- from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
- def peoples_list(request):
- cursor = connection.cursor()
- cursor.execute('select name,age,birth from peoples')
- peoples = cursor.fetchall()
- print peoples
- return render_to_response('peoples_list.html', {'peoples_list':peoples})

向urls.py中添加对应关系

- from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
- #from view import current_datetime
- from mongodb_test import mongodb_peoples
- # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
- # from django.contrib import admin
- # admin.autodiscover()
- urlpatterns = patterns('',
- # Examples:
- # url(r'^$', 'mysite.views.home', name='home'),
- # url(r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),
- # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
- # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
- # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
- # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
- url(r'peoples_mongo/$', mongodb_peoples)
- )

最终结果为
五、性能
由于系统中有nginx,uwsgi,django,mysql和mongodb模块,所以分别对几种情况下做了一下简单的性能测试。
测试工具使用了SuperWebBench,具体介绍可以查看http://www.oschina.net/p/superwebbench上的介绍。
测试环境:2核Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5645,4G内存,上述所有模块在一台服务器上运行。
采用了并发500,持续30秒的测试压力。
测试nginx:

- ./superwebbench -c 500 -t 30 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
- SuperWebBench - Advanced Simple Web Benchmark 0.1
- Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
- Modified By Davelv 2011-11-03
- Benchmarking:GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/ (using HTTP/1.1)
- 500 clients, running 30 sec.
- Speed=6080 pages/sec, 4998280 bytes/sec.
- Requests: 182419 ok, 0 http error, 0 failed.

测试nginx+uwsgi:(将uwsgi的文件指向一个直接返回http响应的python脚本)
用于返回包含当前时间的HTML页面的Python脚本:

- # coding: utf-8
- #!/usr/local/bin/python
- import datetime
- def application(environ, start_response):
- cur = datetime.datetime.now()
- response_body = """<html>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
- <head>Current Datetime</head>
- <body>It is now %s</body>
- </html>""" % cur
- status = '200 OK'
- response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))]
- start_response(status, response_headers)
- return [response_body]

结果:

- ./superwebbench -c 500 -t 30 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
- SuperWebBench - Advanced Simple Web Benchmark 0.1
- Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
- Modified By Davelv 2011-11-03
- Benchmarking:GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/ (using HTTP/1.1)
- 500 clients, running 30 sec.
- Speed=4417 pages/sec, 1351734 bytes/sec.
- Requests: 132523 ok, 0 http error, 0 failed.

测试nginx+uwsgi+mysql:
用于返回包含mysql数据的HTML页面的Python脚本:

- # coding: utf-8
- #!/usr/local/bin/python
- import datetime
- import MySQLdb
- def application(environ, start_response):
- conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='python_user', passwd='python_user', db='test_python', charset='utf8')
- cursor = conn.cursor()
- sqlComm = "select name, age, birth from peoples"
- cursor.execute(sqlComm)
- peoples = cursor.fetchall()
- cursor.close()
- conn.close()
- body = "<table border=\"1\"><tr><th>Name</th><th>Age</th><th>Birth</th></tr>"
- for people in peoples:
- person = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" % (str(people[0]), str(people[1]), str(people[2]))
- body = body + person
- body = body +"</table>"
- response_body = """<html>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
- <head>People List</head>
- <body>%s</body></html>""" % body
- status = '200 OK'
- print response_body
- response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))]
- print response_headers
- start_response(status, response_headers)
- return [response_body]

结果

- ./superwebbench -c 500 -t 30 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
- SuperWebBench - Advanced Simple Web Benchmark 0.1
- Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
- Modified By Davelv 2011-11-03
- Benchmarking:GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/ (using HTTP/1.1)
- 500 clients, running 30 sec.
- Speed=1078 pages/sec, 539381 bytes/sec.
- Requests: 32345 ok, 13 http error, 0 failed.

测试nginx+uwsgi+django:

- ./superwebbench -c 500 -t 30 http://127.0.0.1:8000/time/
- SuperWebBench - Advanced Simple Web Benchmark 0.1
- Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
- Modified By Davelv 2011-11-03
- Benchmarking:GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/time/ (using HTTP/1.1)
- 500 clients, running 30 sec.
- Speed=652 pages/sec, 176182 bytes/sec.
- Requests: 19558 ok, 7 http error, 0 failed.

测试nginx+uwsgi+django+mysql:

- ./superwebbench -c 500 -t 30 http://127.0.0.1:8000/peoples_list/
- SuperWebBench - Advanced Simple Web Benchmark 0.1
- Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
- Modified By Davelv 2011-11-03
- Benchmarking:GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/peoples_list/ (using HTTP/1.1)
- 500 clients, running 30 sec.
- Speed=321 pages/sec, 204044 bytes/sec.
- Requests: 9615 ok, 23 http error, 0 failed.

测试nginx+uwsgi+django+mongodb:

- ./superwebbench -c 500 -t 30 http://127.0.0.1:8000/peoples_mongo/
- SuperWebBench - Advanced Simple Web Benchmark 0.1
- Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
- Modified By Davelv 2011-11-03
- Benchmarking:GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/peoples_mongo/ (using HTTP/1.1)
- 500 clients, running 30 sec.
- Speed=355 pages/sec, 221449 bytes/sec.
- Requests: 10648 ok, 15 http error, 0 failed.

总结一下,可以看出nginx的处理速度极快,而uwsgi同样也不慢,最大的瓶颈在于django,效率大概下降了70%多,而数据库查询(无论是mysql还是mongodb)也对效率有一定影响。
当然,这只是把所有服务都部署在一台服务器上,对资源的抢占也影响了系统的效率。
六、其它介绍
1、编码问题
需要注意编码问题,否则会出现乱码或者执行错误。
有四个部分需要统一编码格式(以utf8为例):
(1) mysql数据库的编码设置(charset = ‘utf8’)
(2) python文件的编码设置(# -*- coding:utf8 -*-)
(3) 连接mysql数据库时要加上参数charset=’utf8’
(4) 如果使用django,则需要在settings.py中添加DEFAULT_CHARSET = 'utf8'。
2、Python通过MySQLdb对MySQL的操作
导入MySQLdb模块
- import MySQLdb
与数据库建立连接
- conn=MySQLdb.connect([host="localhost",][port=3306,] user="root", passwd="passwd",db="database_name"[, charset=’utf8’])
其中host为mysql主机名,port为端口号,user为用户名,passwd为密码,db为数据库名,charset为编码类型
获取游标
- cursor = conn.cursor()
数据库命令
插入命令
- insertComm = ‘insert into table_name(...) values(...)’
- cursor.execute(insertComm,...)
如:(注意最后要调用commit来提交这次命令)
- insertComm = 'insert into peoples(name, age, birth) values(%s, %s, %s)'
- param = ('zhengliu', 27, '1986-1-1')
- cursor.execute(insertComm, param)
- conn.commit()
更新命令
- updateComm = ‘update table_name set column1=value1[,...] where column=value[,...]’
- cursor.execute(updateComm)
如:(注意最后要调用commit来提交这次命令)
- updateComm = "update peoples set age=%s,birth=%s where name='zhengliu'"
- param = (26, '1987-1-1')
- cursor.execute(updateComm, param)
- conn.commit()
删除命令
- deleteComm = ‘delete from table_name where column1=value1[,...]’
- cursor.execute(deleteComm)
如:(注意最后要调用commit来提交这次命令)
- deleteComm = "delete from peoples where name=%s"
- param=('zhengliu')
- cursor.execute(deleteComm, param)
- conn.commit()
查询命令
- selectComm = ‘select name, age, birth from peoples [where column1=values1,...]’
- cursor.execute(selectComm)
- result = cursor.fetchall()
如:
- queryComm = 'select name, age, birth from peoples'
- cursor.execute(queryComm)
- peoples = cursor.fetchall()
提交和回滚
在对数据库进行修改操作时,需要进行commit命令来最终提交数据库,如果想要取消这次操作,则要在commit前先调用rollback进行回滚操作。
- conn.commit()
- conn.rollback()
关闭命令
关闭游标
- cursor.close()
关闭连接
- conn.close()
cursor游标对象属性及方法
属性方法 |
描述 |
arraysize |
使用fetchmany()方法时一次取出的记录数,默认为1 |
connection |
创建此游标的连接(可选) |
discription |
返回游标的活动状态,包括(7元素):(name,type_code, display_size,internal_size,precision,scale,null_ok) 其中name,type_code是必须的。 |
lastrowid |
返回最后更新行的ID(可选),如果数据库不支持,返回None |
rowcount |
最后一次execute()返回或影响的行数 |
callproc(func[,args]) |
调用一个存储过程 |
close() |
关闭游标 |
execute(op[,args]) |
执行sql语句或数据库命令 |
executemany(op,args) |
一次执行多条sql语句,执行的条数由arraysize给出 |
fetchone() |
匹配结果的下一行 |
fetchall() |
匹配所有剩余结果 |
fetchmany(size-cursor,arraysize) |
匹配结果的下几行 |
__iter__() |
创建迭代对象(可选,参考next()) |
messages |
游标执行好数据库返回的信息列表(元组集合) |
next() |
使用迭代对象得到结果的下一行 |
nextset() |
移动到下一个结果集(如果支持的话) |
rownumber |
当前结果集中游标的索引(从0行开始) |
setinput-size(sizes) |
设置输入最大值 |
setoutput-size(sizes[,col]) |
设置列输出的缓冲值 |
Django+Nginx+MongoDB+Mysql+uWsgi的搭建的更多相关文章
- python3环境搭建(uWSGI+django+nginx+python+MySQL)
1.系统环境,必要知识 #cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release (Core) #uname -r -.el7.x86_64 暂时关闭防护墙,关闭se ...
- linux下nginx+php+mysql 自助环境搭建
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++linux下nginx+php+mysql环境搭建+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ...
- 一个前端博主的nginx+php+mysql的环境搭建
这几天天某的公司给了在下一个需求,让我修改一个后端大佬用PHP写的一个官网,虽然说修改的内容还是很简单,但是毕竟之前还是没接触过PHP,于是开始了漫长的爬坑之旅,话不多说,这次就给大家介绍一下我配置安 ...
- NGINX+PHP+MYSQL服务器环境搭建
这条命令是配置vim的,请确保你能访问github wget -qO- https://raw.github.com/ma6174/vim/master/setup.sh | sh 说明有一些小问题, ...
- CentOS7.X安装LMMP环境Nginx+PHP+Mysql详解
前言: 作为PHP开发者,我们常用的线上环境就是LNMP,合理的搭建也是必须掌握的技能,下面就利用源码的方式详细介绍下LNMP环境Nginx+PHP+Mysql的详细搭建步骤: 版本说明: Nginx ...
- centos6+nginx+php+mysql+memcached+wordpress
centos6+nginx+php+mysql+memcached+wordpress 搭建步骤(1) LNMP 平台搭建: 请参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/ligao/p/61 ...
- 【Ubuntu14】Nginx+PHP5+Mysql记录
这次因为工作原因,需要在Linux下进行开发.推荐的环境是Ubuntu14+Nginx+PHP+Mysql.环境搭建好之后,装上GIT,装上IDE,觉得Mysql命令界面麻烦又装了个Navicat.总 ...
- [转载]CentOS 7 用户怎样安装 LNMP(Nginx+PHP+MySQL)
关于 Nginx (发音 "engine x")这是一款免费.开源.高效的 HTTP 服务器,Nginx是以稳定著称,丰富的功能,结构简单,低资源消耗.本教程演示如何在CentOS ...
- Ubuntu+Django+Nginx+uWSGI+Mysql搭建Python Web服务器
Ubuntu+Django+Nginx+uWSGI+Mysql搭建Python Web服务器 闲着无聊的时候部署了一个Django项目玩,用vm虚拟机部署的. 准备工作 我使用的系统是Ubuntu16 ...
随机推荐
- php添加环境变量
在php的安装目录中添加,如/usr/php-5.6.16添加env.php文件,在文件中设置环境变量: 如:<?php$_SERVER['ENV'] = 'production'; 再到配置文 ...
- 学习练习 java数据库查询小题
10. 查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号.(子查询或者排序) 11. 查询每门课的平均成绩. 12.查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数. 13.查询分数大于7 ...
- cocos2dx 内存管理机制
持续更新吧. 刚开始看了一些. 一,CCObject 提供引用计数 1,unsinged int m_uReference; //此为CCOBject的引用计数,初始化为 1: new CCObje ...
- 关于BitmapFactory解析流的问题a
今天碰到了一个超级恶心的问题,BitmapFactory.decodeStream(bis,null,options)一直是返回NULL 问题是这样子的: InputStream is= respon ...
- [前端 4] 使用Js实现图片上传预览
导读:今天做图片上传预览,刚开始的做法是,先将图片上传到Nginx,然后重新加载页面才能看到这个图片.在这个过程中,用户一直都看不到自己上传的文件是什么样子.Ps:我发现我真的有强迫症了,都告诉我说不 ...
- vyos (一) 基础配置
http://www.lowefamily.com.au/2015/11/29/using-a-vyos-router-with-hyper-v/1/ http://thomasvochten.com ...
- solr5.5教程-solrconfig.xml,加载schema.xml
布署完成后,接下来要更深入的研究solr的原理和使用. 首先进入testcore这个文件夹下面,发现这个core的conf里并没有schema.xml.那么数据格式是在哪里定义的呢? 打开 solr_ ...
- iOS 8.3 JB ready
Hi, I've been waiting for a very very long time..Now iOS 8.3 is ready. http://www.taig.com/ You guys ...
- Spring web Flow2学习笔记
想抽时间研究一下Spring web Flow2,能够找到的唯一电子书是<深入解析Spring+MVC与Web Flow>,我现在摘录本书的一段内容如下,通过这一段,大家可以想象中文背景的 ...
- 搭建高性能计算环境(七)、应用软件的安装之MS
1,上传软件包MaterialsStudio70.tgz.msi_7.lic到服务器上. 2,安装ms一般会创建一个普通用户msi,软件安装在msi账号下. 创建用户msi: useradd msi ...