探讨Spring事务控制中，异常触发事务回滚原理。文章进行了6种情况下的Spring事务是否回滚。 
以下代码都是基于Spring与Mybatis整合，使用Spring声明式事务配置事务方法。

1.不捕获异常(一般处理方式)

代码，其中contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L); 是SQL语句错误，用来测试回滚。

  1.     /**
  2.      * 删除多条记录
  3.      */
  4.     @Override
  5.     public ShopResult deleteContentGroup(String[] ids) {
  6.         if (null == ids || ids.length == 0)
  7.         {
  8.             return ShopResult.error();
  9.         }
  10.         for (String idStr : ids)
  11.         {
  12.             Long id = new Long(idStr);
  13.             contentMappger.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
  14.         }
  15.         contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L);   //错误代码，SQL语句错误。用来测试事务，看是否回滚
  16.         return ShopResult.ok();
  17.     }

运行结果：报错，事务发生了回滚，即由于错误代码，前面的for循环删除记录事务被回滚了。

  1. ### SQL: delete form tb_content    where kid = ?
  2. ### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  3.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  4. ; bad SQL grammar []; nested exception is com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  5.     where kid = 31' at line 1] with root cause
  6. com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  7.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  8.     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
  9.     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
  10.     at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
  11.     at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
  12.     at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:406)
  13.     at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:381)
  14.     at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1030)
  15.     at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:956)
  16.     at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3536)
  17.     at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3468)
  18.     at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1957)
  19.     ..................
  20.     at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:53)
  21.     at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy35.updateWithErrTest(Unknown Source)
  22.     at com.shop.manager.service.impl.ContentServiceImpl.deleteContentGroup(ContentServiceImpl.java:94)
  23.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
  24.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
  25.     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
  26.     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
  27.     at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
  28.     at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
  29.     .......

2. 捕获异常，但不处理，不抛出

代码

  1.     /**
  2.      * 删除多条记录
  3.      */
  4.     @Override
  5.     public ShopResult deleteContentGroup(String[] ids) {
  6.         if (null == ids || ids.length == 0)
  7.         {
  8.             return ShopResult.error();
  9.         }
  10.         for (String idStr : ids)
  11.         {
  12.             Long id = new Long(idStr);
  13.             contentMappger.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
  14.         }
  15.         try {
  16.             contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L);   //错误代码，SQL语句错误。用来测试事务，看是否回滚
  17.         } catch (Exception e) {
  18.             //捕获异常，但不处理
  19.             System.out.println("-----nothing to do-------");
  20.         }
  21.         return ShopResult.ok();
  22.     }

运行结果：事务提交，未回滚。 

  1. ### The error occurred while setting parameters
  2. ### SQL: delete form tb_content    where kid = ?
  3. ### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  4.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  5. ]
  6. -----nothing to do-------
  7. 2017-06-18 14:27:59,493 [http-bio-8080-exec-4] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization committing SqlSession //(事务提交)
  8. [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@616a85a9]

3. 捕获异常，并抛出RuntimeException异常

Spring碰到Unchecked Exceptions都会回滚，不仅是RuntimeException，也包括Error。 
代码

  1.     /**
  2.      * 删除多条记录
  3.      */
  4.     @Override
  5.     public ShopResult deleteContentGroup(String[] ids) {
  6.         if (null == ids || ids.length == 0)
  7.         {
  8.             return ShopResult.error();
  9.         }
  10.         for (String idStr : ids)
  11.         {
  12.             Long id = new Long(idStr);
  13.             contentMappger.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
  14.         }
  15.         try {
  16.             contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L);   //错误代码，SQL语句错误。用来测试事务，看是否回滚
  17.         } catch (Exception e) {
  18.             System.out.println("----throw Exception-----");
  19.             throw new RuntimeException();
  20.         }
  21.         return ShopResult.ok();
  22.     }

运行结果：如预期的一样，抛出RuntimeException，事务发生回滚。

  1. ### SQL: delete form tb_content    where kid = ?
  2. ### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  3.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  4. ]
  5. ----throw Exception-----
  6. 2017-06-18 14:21:27,928 [http-bio-8080-exec-1] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization deregistering SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@3ef56e3a]
  7. ...............
  8. 2017-06-18 14:21:27,941 [http-bio-8080-exec-1] [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver]-[DEBUG] Resolving exception from handler [public com.shop.common.pojo.ShopResult com.shop.manager.controller.ContentController.deleteContentGroup(java.lang.String)]: java.lang.RuntimeException
  9. 2017-06-18 14:21:27,941 [http-bio-8080-exec-1] [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver]-[DEBUG] Resolving exception from handler [public com.shop.common.pojo.ShopResult com.shop.manager.controller.ContentController.deleteContentGroup(java.lang.String)]: java.lang.RuntimeException
  10. 2017-06-18 14:21:27,942 [http-bio-8080-exec-1] [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver]-[DEBUG] Resolving exception from handler [public com.shop.common.pojo.ShopResult com.shop.manager.controller.ContentController.deleteContentGroup(java.lang.String)]: java.lang.RuntimeException
  11. 2017-06-18 14:21:27,942 [http-bio-8080-exec-1] [org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet]-[DEBUG] Could not complete request
  12. java.lang.RuntimeException
  13.     at com.shop.manager.service.impl.ContentServiceImpl.deleteContentGroup(ContentServiceImpl.java:98)  //异常
  14.     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

4.捕获异常，并继续抛出原捕获的异常

代码：

  1.     /**
  2.      * 删除多条记录
  3.      */
  4.     @Override
  5.     public ShopResult deleteContentGroup(String[] ids) {
  6.         if (null == ids || ids.length == 0)
  7.         {
  8.             return ShopResult.error();
  9.         }
  10.         for (String idStr : ids)
  11.         {
  12.             Long id = new Long(idStr);
  13.             contentMappger.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
  14.         }
  15.         try {
  16.             contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L);   //错误代码，SQL语句错误。用来测试事务，看是否回滚
  17.         } catch (Exception e) {
  18.             //捕获异常，继续抛出
  19.             System.out.println("-----throw Exception-------");
  20.             throw e;
  21.         }
  22.         return ShopResult.ok();
  23.     }

运行结果：抛出异常，事务发生回滚

  1. ### The error occurred while setting parameters
  2. ### SQL: delete form tb_content    where kid = ?
  3. ### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  4.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  5. ]
  6. -----throw Exception-------
  7. 2017-06-18 14:36:25,308 [http-bio-8080-exec-9] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization deregistering SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@45fe0f70]
  8. 2017-06-18 14:36:25,308 [http-bio-8080-exec-9] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization closing SqlSession //事务回滚
  9. [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@45fe0f70]

5. 捕获异常，并抛出新new的异常(或自定义Exception异常) new Exception

代码：

  1.     /**
  2.      * 删除多条记录
  3.      * @throws Exception
  4.      */
  5.     @Override
  6.     public ShopResult deleteContentGroup(String[] ids) throws Exception {
  7.         if (null == ids || ids.length == 0)
  8.         {
  9.             return ShopResult.error();
  10.         }
  11.         for (String idStr : ids)
  12.         {
  13.             Long id = new Long(idStr);
  14.             contentMappger.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
  15.         }
  16.         try {
  17.             contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L);   //错误代码，SQL语句错误。用来测试事务，看是否回滚
  18.         } catch (Exception e) {
  19.             //捕获异常，抛出新异常
  20.             System.out.println("-----throw new Exception(e)-------");
  21.             throw new Exception(e);
  22.         }
  23.         return ShopResult.ok();
  24.     }

运行结果：事务提交，未回滚。（Spring的默认回滚异常类型不包括Exception）

  1. ### The error occurred while setting parameters
  2. ### SQL: delete form tb_content    where kid = ?
  3. ### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  4.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  5. ]
  6. -----throw new Exception(e) -------
  7. 2017-06-18 14:43:16,098 [http-bio-8080-exec-10] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization committing SqlSession //事务提交
  8. [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@32c4821]
  9. 2017-06-18 14:43:16,098 [http-bio-8080-exec-10] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization deregistering SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@32c4821]

6. 在事务配置中没有设置rollback-for异常类型为Exception

  1. <!-- 事务管理器 -->
  2.     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
  3.         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
  4.     </bean>
  6.     <!-- 通知 -->
  7.     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
  8.         <!-- 事务行为控制 -->
  9.         <tx:attributes>
  10.             <tx:method name="save" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
  11.             <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"  rollback-for="Exception"/>
  12.             <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"  rollback-for="Exception"/>
  13.             <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED"  rollback-for="Exception"/>
  14.             <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"  rollback-for="Exception"/>
  15.             <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"  rollback-for="Exception"/>
  16.             <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
  17.             <tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
  18.             <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
  19.         </tx:attributes>
  20.     </tx:advice>
  21.     <!-- 配置切面 -->
  22.     <aop:config>
  23.         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.shop.manager.service.*.*(..))" />
  24.     </aop:config>
  1.     /**
  2.      * 删除多条记录
  3.      * @throws Exception
  4.      */
  5.     @Override
  6.     public ShopResult deleteContentGroup(String[] ids) throws Exception {
  7.         if (null == ids || ids.length == 0)
  8.         {
  9.             return ShopResult.error();
  10.         }
  11.         for (String idStr : ids)
  12.         {
  13.             Long id = new Long(idStr);
  14.             contentMappger.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
  15.         }
  16.         try {
  17.             contentMappger.updateWithErrTest(31L);   //错误代码，SQL语句错误。用来测试事务，看是否回滚
  18.         } catch (Exception e) {
  19.             //捕获异常，继续抛出
  20.             System.out.println("-----throw new Exception-------");
  21.             throw new Exception("---自定义Exception，事务中已配置rollback-for---");
  22.         }
  23.         return ShopResult.ok();
  24.     }

运行结果：如预期一样发生回滚

  1. ### The error may involve com.shop.manager.mapper.TbContentMapper.updateWithErrTest-Inline
  2. ### The error occurred while setting parameters
  3. ### SQL: delete form tb_content    where kid = ?
  4. ### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'tb_content
  5.     where kid = 31' at line 1
  6. ]
  7. -----throw new Exception-------
  8. 2017-06-18 15:07:02,273 [http-bio-8080-exec-8] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization deregistering SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@f177061]
  9. 2017-06-18 15:07:02,273 [http-bio-8080-exec-8] [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils]-[DEBUG] Transaction synchronization closing SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@f177061]

总结：

  1. Spring事务管理是根据异常来进行回滚操作；
  2. Spring与Mybatis整合时，虽然在Service方法中并没有check异常，但是如果数据库有异常发生，默认会进行事务回滚。
  3. Spring 如果不添加rollbackFor等属性，Spring碰到Unchecked Exceptions都会回滚，不仅是RuntimeException，也包括Error。
  4. 如果在事务方法中捕获异常并进行处理，一定要继续抛出异常并在Spring事务管理中进行rollbak-for配置。

转自:https://blog.csdn.net/ljyhust/article/details/73431968?locationNum=5&fps=1

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