一、GIT命令行

[root@localhost ~]# git

usage: git [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path]

           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]

           [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]

           [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]

The most commonly used git commands are:

   add        Add file contents to the index

   bisect     Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug

   branch     List, create, or delete branches

   checkout   Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree

   clone      Clone a repository into a new directory

   commit     Record changes to the repository

   diff       Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc

   fetch      Download objects and refs from another repository

   grep       Print lines matching a pattern

   init       Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one

   log        Show commit logs

   merge      Join two or more development histories together

   mv         Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink

   pull       Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch

   push       Update remote refs along with associated objects

   rebase     Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head

   reset      Reset current HEAD to the specified state

   rm         Remove files from the working tree and from the index

   show       Show various types of objects

   status     Show the working tree status

   tag        Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

See 'git help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.

二、Git创建仓库

（1）创建一个项目

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir public_html

[root@localhost ~]# cd public_html/

[root@localhost public_html]# echo 'My website is alive!' > index.html

[root@localhost public_html]# ls

index.html

（2）执行git init将目录转化为版本库

[root@localhost public_html]# git init

Initialized empty Git repository in /root/public_html/.git/

[root@localhost public_html]# ls -a

.  ..  .git  index.html

在执行完成 git init 命令后，Git 仓库会生成一个 .git 目录，该目录包含了资源的所有元数据，其他的项目目录保持不变（不像 SVN 会在每个子目录生成 .svn 目录，Git 只在仓库的根目录生成 .git 目录）。

（3）将文件添加到版本库

[root@localhost public_html]# git add index.html

如果目录中有多个文件，使用git add . 命令将当前目录及子目录的文件都添加到版本库中。

（4）查看状态

[root@localhost public_html]# git status

# On branch master

#

# Initial commit

#

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

#

#	new file:   index.html

#

（5）提交

[root@localhost public_html]# git commit -m "Initial contents of public_html" --author="tong <tong@test.com>"

[master (root-commit) b4e2a14] Initial contents of public_html

 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

 create mode 100644 index.html

（6）让git在提交时打开编辑器，设置你的GIT_EDITOR环境变量

[root@localhost public_html]# export GIT_EDITOR=vim

[root@localhost public_html]# git status

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

（7）编辑文件再次提交

[root@localhost public_html]# cat index.html

<html>

<body>

My website is alive!

</body>

</html>

[root@localhost public_html]# git commit index.html  这时会进入编辑器

# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting

# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.

# Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#       modified:   index.html

#

This is new html!

保存退出

[root@localhost public_html]# git commit index.html

[master 0a30716] This is new html!

 1 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

（8）查看提交

[root@localhost public_html]# git log

commit 0a3071601cc10777e271a952ead46cffba233e24

Author: tong <tong@test.com>

Date:   Tue Feb 27 11:52:29 2018 +0800

    This is new html!

commit b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d

Author: tong <tong@test.com>

Date:   Tue Feb 27 11:45:23 2018 +0800

    Initial contents of public_html

[root@localhost public_html]# git show b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d

commit b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d

Author: tong <tongxiaoda@anzhi.com>

Date:   Tue Feb 27 11:45:23 2018 +0800

    Initial contents of public_html

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html

new file mode 100644

index 0000000..34217e9

--- /dev/null

+++ b/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1 @@

+My website is alive!

[root@localhost public_html]# git show-branch --more=5

[master] This is new html!

[master^] Initial contents of public_html

（9）查看提交差异

[root@localhost public_html]# git diff 0a3071601cc10777e271a952ead46cffba233e24 b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html

index 8638631..34217e9 100644

--- a/index.html

+++ b/index.html

@@ -1,5 +1 @@

-<html>

-<body>

 My website is alive!

-</body>

-</html>

（10）版本库内文件的删除和重命名

[root@localhost public_html]# ls

index.html  poem.html

[root@localhost public_html]# git rm poem.html

rm 'poem.html'

[root@localhost public_html]# git commit -m "Remove a poem"

[master 19a473c] Remove a poem

 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

 delete mode 100644 poem.html


[root@localhost public_html]# ls

bar.html  index.html

[root@localhost public_html]# mv bar.html foo.html

[root@localhost public_html]# git rm bar.html

rm 'bar.html'

[root@localhost public_html]# git add foo.html

[root@localhost public_html]# git commit -m "mv bar to foo"

[master aa431d9] mv bar to foo

 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

 rename bar.html => foo.html (100%)

（11）创建版本库的副版本

这就是不同开发者如何通过Git在相同的文件上从事项目开发，并保持与其他版本库同步。

[root@localhost ~]# git clone public_html my_website

Initialized empty Git repository in /root/my_website/.git/

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lsa public_html my_website

my_website:

total 20

4 drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:08 .

4 dr-xr-x---. 8 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:08 ..

4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   51 Feb 27 13:08 foo.html

4 drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:08 .git

4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   51 Feb 27 13:08 index.html

public_html:

total 20

4 drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:05 .

4 dr-xr-x---. 8 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:08 ..

4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   51 Feb 27 13:04 foo.html

4 drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:06 .git

4 -rw-r--r--  1 root root   51 Feb 27 11:50 index.html

[root@localhost ~]# diff -r public_html my_website

Only in public_html/.git: COMMIT_EDITMSG

diff -r public_html/.git/config my_website/.git/config

5a6,11

> [remote "origin"]

> 	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

> 	url = /root/public_html

> [branch "master"]

> 	remote = origin

> 	merge = refs/heads/master

Binary files public_html/.git/index and my_website/.git/index differ

diff -r public_html/.git/logs/HEAD my_website/.git/logs/HEAD

1,6c1

< 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d tong <tong@test.com> 1519703123 +0800 commit (initial): Initial contents of public_html

< b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d 0a3071601cc10777e271a952ead46cffba233e24 tong <tong@test.com> 1519703549 +0800 commit: This is new html!

< 0a3071601cc10777e271a952ead46cffba233e24 5be473e1ed6d04ed9e96b7fa3e9e2860607cbd31 tong <tong@test.com> 1519703956 +0800 commit: add poem.html

< 5be473e1ed6d04ed9e96b7fa3e9e2860607cbd31 19a473c2e935efa59b8edea19d2d12be96987a97 tong <tong@test.com> 1519704003 +0800 commit: Remove a poem

< 19a473c2e935efa59b8edea19d2d12be96987a97 1ed9a862e62bd5513021838cb435cf8170e2173d tong <tong@test.com> 1519707877 +0800 commit: new bar

< 1ed9a862e62bd5513021838cb435cf8170e2173d aa431d938e85445f6c22c7389a37349f587d5b01 tong <tong@test.com> 1519707981 +0800 commit: mv bar to foo

---

> 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 aa431d938e85445f6c22c7389a37349f587d5b01 tong <tong@test.com> 1519708133 +0800 clone: from /root/public_html

diff -r public_html/.git/logs/refs/heads/master my_website/.git/logs/refs/heads/master

1,6c1

< 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d tong <tong@test.com> 1519703123 +0800 commit (initial): Initial contents of public_html

< b4e2a14de84d29ea8890a2e19f039eb08bc2fc7d 0a3071601cc10777e271a952ead46cffba233e24 tong <tong@test.com> 1519703549 +0800 commit: This is new html!

< 0a3071601cc10777e271a952ead46cffba233e24 5be473e1ed6d04ed9e96b7fa3e9e2860607cbd31 tong <tong@test.com> 1519703956 +0800 commit: add poem.html

< 5be473e1ed6d04ed9e96b7fa3e9e2860607cbd31 19a473c2e935efa59b8edea19d2d12be96987a97 tong <tong@test.com> 1519704003 +0800 commit: Remove a poem

< 19a473c2e935efa59b8edea19d2d12be96987a97 1ed9a862e62bd5513021838cb435cf8170e2173d tong <tong@test.com> 1519707877 +0800 commit: new bar

< 1ed9a862e62bd5513021838cb435cf8170e2173d aa431d938e85445f6c22c7389a37349f587d5b01 tong <tong@test.com> 1519707981 +0800 commit: mv bar to foo

---

> 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 aa431d938e85445f6c22c7389a37349f587d5b01 tong <tong@test.com> 1519708133 +0800 clone: from /root/public_html

Only in my_website/.git: packed-refs

Only in my_website/.git/refs: remotes

GIT使用—创建一个版本库的更多相关文章

  1. 安装git，创建本地版本库

    安装 由于我使用的是Ubuntu,因此安装很简单,输入:sudo apt-get install git 如果是其他Linux版本,可以直接通过源码安装.先从Git官网下载源码,然后解压,依次输入:. ...

  2. 创建一个版本库，把文件夹用Git管理起来

    创建一个文件夹,把这个文件夹用Git管理起来,那么这个文件夹的改变都可以被Git跟踪到,当然也可以将Git中的文件还原到某一个时刻. 首先创建一个空的目录,然后将空的目录由Git来管理 1.建立一个文 ...

  3. git 创建远程版本库(亲测有效)

    一.github远程版本库 1.创建SSH Key(windows)   ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "youremail@example.com"   2.连接版本 ...

  4. 『现学现忘』Git基础 — 8、Git创建本地版本库

    目录 1.Git版本库介绍 2.创建本地版本库 场景一:创建一个空的本地版本库. 场景二:项目中已存在文件时,创建该项目的本地版本库. 场景三:在GitHub网站上创建仓库,克隆到本地. 1.Git版 ...

  5. git学习2：版本库

    创建版本库 版本库,又称仓库,英文名为repository,版本库内的所有文件都可以被Git管理起来,即每个文件的修改.删除,Git都能跟踪. 1,在目录中创建版本库 在目录中有两种创建版本库的方法, ...

  6. git怎么创建本地版本仓库

    git怎么创建本地版本仓库 安装git我就不用说了吧!下载地址:https://github.com/msysgit/msysgit/releases/download/Git-1.9.4-previ ...

  7. Git的使用(1) —— 版本库

    1. 简介 Git作为一个分布式版本控制系统,其优点是不需要一直连接远端版本库就可以使用. 故其为实现分布版本控制专门设计了一整套的存储区间和语句,用来实现. (1) 本地版本库:建立在本机磁盘上的文 ...

  8. linux服务器上创建svn版本库

    1. 创建存放各个svn版本库的目录svnrepos(自己定义路径) -bash: cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -bash: mkdir svnrepos 2. 假设我要 ...

  9. linux 创建svn版本库，并在svn上配置checkstyle做代码风格检查

    一.创建SVN版本库 1.安装svn服务器 yum install subversion 2.查看版本 svnserve --version 3.建立SVN版本库目录(即你的SVN服务器里面的文件存放 ...

随机推荐

  1. Git—怎样Windows操作系统中安装Git

    介绍一下怎样在Windows操作系统中安装Git: 一.下载Git安装压缩文件:http://download.csdn.net/detail/wangshuxuncom/8035045 二.解压该压 ...

  2. 用MathType编辑上下尖括号有什么技巧

    在MathType中,同一个数学符号可以进行各种变换方向的使用,就比如箭头符号,任意方向都可以使用,这也是很常见的.数学中的符号能够根据各种特殊需要进行灵活使用,除了箭头符号之外,其它符号也可以,比如 ...

  3. UML学习目录

    用例图:http://www.cnblogs.com/yjjm/archive/2012/01/28/2385861.html http://kb.cnblogs.com/page/129491/

  4. JavaScript文件操作(1)-基础

    http://www.iunbug.com/archives/2012/06/04/208.html

  5. 学习tornado

    http://old.sebug.net/paper/books/tornado/ http://demo.pythoner.com/itt2zh/index.html http://tornado- ...

  6. C++ primer记录

    关于C++编程风格,可参考:Google 开源项目风格指南 第一章:开始 1. 头文件:由于嵌套包含文件的原因,一个头文件可能会被多次包含在一个源文件中.条件指示符可防止这种头文件的重复处理,例如:# ...

  7. MyBatis generator 生成生成dao model mappper

    MyBatis GeneratorXML配置文件参考 在最常见的用例中,MyBatis Generator(MBG)由XML配置文件驱动. 配置文件告诉MBG: 如何连接到数据库 什么对象要生成,以及 ...

  8. spring整合问题分析之-Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.MANUAL): Turn your Session into FlushMode.COMMIT/AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition.

    1.异常分析 Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.MANUAL): Turn your Session into ...

  9. datetime时间处理

    基本数据获取: In [38]: import datetime as dt In [39]: on = dt.datetime.now() #获取当前准确时间 In [40]: on Out[40] ...

  10. while小用

    1.使用while打印1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 #!/usr/bin/env python #encoding: utf-8 num = 1 while num < 11: if ...