thymeleaf模板

https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html

thymeleaf模板引擎入门==>https://www.cnblogs.com/ai-developers/p/7395588.html

1、引入thymeleaf依赖

  1. <!-- 切换thymeleaf版本 -->
  2. <properties>
  3.         <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
  4.         <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3适配layout2以上版本 , thymeleaf2 适配 layout1版本 -->
  5.         <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
  6. </properties>
  7.  
  8. <dependency>
  9.     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  10.     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
  11. </dependency>

2、Thymeleaf使用

配置属性类

  1. @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
  2. public class ThymeleafProperties {
  3. ​
  4.     private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
  5. ​
  6.     private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
  7. ​
  8.     public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
  9. ​
  10.     public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
  11.     ...

使用thymeleaf

1、把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/，thymeleaf就能自动渲染；

2、导入thymeleaf的名称空间  <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

3、使用thymeleaf语法；

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>成功！</h1>
  9.     <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
  10.     <div th:text="${person.name}">姓名</div>
  11. 　　<div> [[${person.name}]] </div>
  12. </body>
  13. </html>

thymeleaf语法规则

基本元素

Order优先级从高到低 Feature Attributes 中文说明
1 Fragment inclusion th:insert
th:replace		 片段包含: jsp:include
2 Fragment iteration th:each 遍历: c:forEach
3 Conditional evaluation th:if
th:unless
th:switch
th:case		 条件判断: c:if
4 Local variable definition th:object
th:with		 声明变量: c:set
5 General attribute modification th:attr
th:attrprepend
th:attrappend

任意属性修改

支持prepend, append
6 Specific attribute modification th:value
th:href
th:src
...		 修改指定属性默认值
7 Text (tag body modification) th:text
th:utext		 修改标签体内容
8 Fragment specification th:fragment 声明片段
9 Fragment removal th:remove  

表达式

Simple expressions:（表达式语法）
Variable Expressions: ${...}：

获取变量值；OGNL；

1）、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2）、使用内置的基本对象：

#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.

${session.foo}

3）、内置的一些工具对象：

#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

Selection Variable Expressions

*{...}：选择表达式：和${}在功能上是一样；
补充：配合 th:object="${session.user}：

  1. <div th:object="${session.user}">
  2. <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
  3. <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
  4. <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
  5. </div>
Message Expressions: #{...}：获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}：定义URL；

@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}

Fragment Expressions: ~{...}：片段引用表达式

<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>

Literals（字面量）

Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…

Text operations:（文本操作）

String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|

Arithmetic operations:（数学运算）

Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -

Boolean operations:（布尔运算）

Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not

Comparisons and equality:（比较运算）

Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )

Conditional operators:条件运算（三元运算符）

If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)

Special tokens:

No-Operation: _

thymeleaf片断fragment

  1.  

基本片断(被引用)

myfragment.html

具体位置: resources/templates/commons/myfragment.html   (不一定要位于commons,但一定要在templates下)

  1. <body>
  2.     <!-- 无参片断 -->
  3.     <nav th:fragment="topBar">
  4.         <p> fragment no arg </p>
  5.     </nav>
  6.  
  7.     <!-- 有参片断 -->
  8.     <nav th:fragment="sideBar(fragmentArg1,fragmentArg2)">
  9.         <p> fragment has arg </p>
  10.         <a href="#" th:class="${fragmentArg1 =='main'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}">
  11.             超链接
  12.         </a>
  13.     </nav>
  14. </body>

无参引用方式

 引用片断方式 说明  无参样例 效果
th:insert： 将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中 
  1. <div th:insert="commons/myfragment :: topBar"></div>
 

  1. <div>
  2.     <nav th:fragment="topBar">
  3.         <p> fragment no arg </p>
  4.     </nav>
  5. </div>
th:replace 将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段 
  1. <div th:replace="commons/myfragment :: topBar"></div>
 

  1.  
  2.     <nav th:fragment="topBar">
  3.         <p> fragment no arg </p>
  4.     </nav>
th:include： 将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中 
  1. <div th:include="commons/myfragment :: topBar"></div>
 

  1. <div>
  2.  
  3.         <p> fragment no arg </p>
  4.  
  5. </div>

有参引用方式

仅以th:replace为例

 引用片断方式 说明  有参样例,见小括号中两个参数 效果
th:insert： 将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中 
  1. <nav th:replace="~{commons/myfragment :: sideBar(fragmentArg1='main',fragmentArg2='none')}"></nav>
 
  1. <nav th:fragment="sideBar(fragmentArg1,fragmentArg2)">
  2.     <p> fragment has arg </p>
  3.     <a href="#" th:class="${fragmentArg1 =='main'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}">
  4.         超链接
  5.     </a>
  6. </nav>

thymeleaf获取上下文路径

关键字: springboot获取上下文路径 ,  thymeleaf获取上下文路径

https时会遇到跨域问题

  1.             <script type="text/javascript" th:inline="javascript">
  2.                  basePath = [[${#httpServletRequest.getScheme() + '://' + #httpServletRequest.getServerName() + ':' + #request.getServerPort()  + #request.getContextPath()}]]
  3.                 console.log("basePath="+basePath);
  4.             </script>

console 打印:   basePath=https://localhost:80/managerSys/

以上带https头之后 , 当有反向代理nginx时, 获取的端口可能会不匹配, 此时最好把 ':' + #request.getServerPort() 去掉

https正常

  1.   <script type="text/javascript" th:inline="javascript">
  2.     var basePath = [[${ '//' + #httpServletRequest.getServerName()   + #request.getContextPath()}]];
  3.     // var basePath = window.location.origin+"/managerSys"
  4.     console.log("basePath=" + basePath);
  5.   </script>

console 打印:   basePath=//localhost/managerSys

以上不带schema头的基本路径(即不带http , https)等,此时浏览器会自动判断schema头,并在请求时自动追加 , 但有个缺点是只能暴露80或443端口 ,不能用其它端口, 不然默认跳到80或443中去导致找不到请求.

https正常

  1.   <script type="text/javascript" th:inline="javascript">
  2.     var basePath = window.location.origin+"/managerSys"
  3.     console.log("basePath=" + basePath);
  4.   </script>

console 打印:   basePath=http://localhost/managerSys

thymeleaf模板重定向和转发

在controller中使用"redirect:/xxx" 或 "forward:/yyy"即可

  1. return "redirect:/emps";//新增成功后,返回到列表页面

因为在ThymeleafViewResolver.java的createView(...)中, 针对redirect: 和 forward: 有做特殊处理

  1.     @Override
  2.     protected View createView(final String viewName, final Locale locale) throws Exception {
  3.         // First possible call to check "viewNames": before processing redirects and forwards
  4.         if (!this.alwaysProcessRedirectAndForward && !canHandle(viewName, locale)) {
  5.             vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" cannot be handled by ThymeleafViewResolver. Passing on to the next resolver in the chain.", viewName);
  6.             return null;
  7.         }
  8.         // Process redirects (HTTP redirects)
  9.         if (viewName.startsWith(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX)) {
  10.             vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" is a redirect, and will not be handled directly by ThymeleafViewResolver.", viewName);
  11.             final String redirectUrl = viewName.substring(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX.length(), viewName.length());
  12.             final RedirectView view = new RedirectView(redirectUrl, isRedirectContextRelative(), isRedirectHttp10Compatible());
  13.             return (View) getApplicationContext().getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().initializeBean(view, viewName);
  14.         }
  15.         // Process forwards (to JSP resources)
  16.         if (viewName.startsWith(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX)) {
  17.             // The "forward:" prefix will actually create a Servlet/JSP view, and that's precisely its aim per the Spring
  18.             // documentation. See http://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.2.4.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html#mvc-redirecting-forward-prefix
  19.             vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" is a forward, and will not be handled directly by ThymeleafViewResolver.", viewName);
  20.             final String forwardUrl = viewName.substring(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX.length(), viewName.length());
  21.             return new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl);
  22.         }
  23.         // Second possible call to check "viewNames": after processing redirects and forwards
  24.         if (this.alwaysProcessRedirectAndForward && !canHandle(viewName, locale)) {
  25.             vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" cannot be handled by ThymeleafViewResolver. Passing on to the next resolver in the chain.", viewName);
  26.             return null;
  27.         }
  28.         vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View {} will be handled by ThymeleafViewResolver and a " +
  29.                         "{} instance will be created for it", viewName, this.viewClass.getSimpleName());
  30.         return loadView(viewName, locale);
  31.     }

何为RESTFUL

URI： /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

  普通CRUD（uri来区分操作） RestfulCRUD
查询 getEmp emp---GET
添加 addEmp?name=bobo&age=28 emp---POST
修改 updateEmp?id=29&name=bobo emp/{id}---PUT
删除 deleteEmp?id=2 emp/{id}---DELETE

2）、实验的请求架构;

实验功能 RestfulCRUD 请求URI 请求方式  
查询所有员工 emps GET 
  1.     //用于列表界面
  2.     @GetMapping(value = "/emps")
  3.     public String queryAll(ModelMap model, HttpSession session) {
查询某个员工(详情查看页) emp/2 GET
来到添加页面 emp GET 
  1.     //用于新增前
  2.     @GetMapping(value = "/emp")
  3.     public String gotoAddPage( ModelMap model, HttpSession session) {
添加员工 emp POST 
  1. <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
  2.     <input type="hidden" name="_method" th:value="${emp} != null ? 'put':''"/>
  3.     <input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${emp} != null ? ${emp.id}:''"/>
  4.     <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default btn-danger">删除</button>
  5. </form>
来到修改页面（查出员工进行信息回显） emp/2 GET 
  1.     //用于更新前
  2.     @GetMapping(value = "/emp/{id}")
  3.     public String gotoUpdatePage(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, ModelMap model, HttpSession session) {
修改员工 emp PUT 
  1. <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
  2.     <input type="hidden" name="_method" th:value="${emp} != null ? 'put':''"/>
  3.     <input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${emp} != null ? ${emp.id}:''"/>
  4.     <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default btn-danger">删除</button>
  5. </form>
删除员工 emp/2 DELETE 
  1. <form th:action="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" method="post">
  2.       <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
  3.       <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default btn-danger">删除</button>
  4. </form>
判断是否存在 emp/2 HEAD

存在就返回200,不存在返回400 (ElasticSearch 就是这么做的)

thymeleaf之独立使用模板引擎*****

$$$$$hymeleaf模板引擎入门==>https://www.cnblogs.com/ai-developers/p/7395588.html

https://www.programcreek.com/java-api-examples/?class=org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.TemplateResolver&method=setPrefix

  1.     public void exportExcel(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestBody(required = false) Map<String, Object> parameters,
  2.                             @RequestParam(value = "from", required = false) Integer from,
  3.                             @RequestParam(value = "limit", required = false) Integer limit,
  4.                             @RequestParam(value = "sorting", required = false) String sorting) {
  5.         TemplateEngine templateEngine;
  6.         //ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(request.getServletContext());//zcpd;
  7.         ClassLoaderTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ClassLoaderTemplateResolver();
  8.         try {
  9.  
  10.             templateEngine = new TemplateEngine();
  11.             templateResolver = new ClassLoaderTemplateResolver();
  12.             templateResolver.setPrefix("templates/"); //模板位置
  13.             templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");   //模板扩展名
  14.             templateResolver.setTemplateMode("TEXT");//'HTML', 'XML', 'TEXT', 'JAVASCRIPT', 'CSS', 'RAW'
  15.             templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
  16.             templateResolver.setOrder(1);
  17.             templateResolver.setCacheable(false);
  18.             templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
  19.  
  20.             //Context context = new Context();
  21.             WebContext context = new WebContext(request, response, request.getServletContext());
  22.             context.setVariable("results", request);
  23.  
  24.             //添加变量message到context
  25.             context.setVariable("message", "hello thymeleaf");
  26.  
  27.             StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
  28.             //解析模板并显示到浏览器
  29.             templateEngine.process("bobo", context, stringWriter);
  30.             //logger.info("stringWriter  = " + stringWriter);
  31.             response.getWriter().write(stringWriter.toString());
  32.  
  33.             Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(stringWriter.toString());
  34.             String xmlData = document.asXML();
  35.             logger.info(xmlData);
  36.  
  37.         } catch (Exception e) {
  38.             e.printStackTrace();
  39.         }
  40.  
  41.     }

thymeleaf方言dialect

Thymeleaf本身提供了StandardDialect,以及结合了Spring之后提供的SpringStandardDialect。Thymeleaf默认的语法 th:if等，就是定义在了StandardDialect中，th为方言的前缀，if为方言的处理器名称。

Thymeleaf3自定义方言Dialect与处理器==>https://blog.csdn.net/edzhou00/article/details/83276672

th:block

<th:block></th:block>是Thymeleaf提供的唯一的一个Thymeleaf块级元素，其特殊性在于Thymeleaf模板引擎在处理<th:block>的时候会删掉它本身，标签本身不显示，而保留其内容，应用场景主要有如下两个：

1、同时控制相连两个标签是否显示
如下代码：

  1. <div id="div1" th:if="...">
  2. </div>
  3. <div id="div2" th:if="...">
  4. </div>

div1和div2中两个if条件一样时，可以改成如下写法：

  1. <th:block th:if="...">
  2.     <div id="div1">
  3.     </div>
  4.     <div id="div2">
  5.     </div>
  6. </th:block>

2、循环同级标签
比如在表格中需要使用th:each循环两个tr，在不知道th:block标签时，可能会用th:each配合th:if使用，但是使用th:block就简单了，如下：

  1. <table>
  2.     <th:block th:each="...">
  3.         <tr>...</tr>
  4.         <tr>...</tr>
  5.     </th:block>
  6. </table>

转自: thymeleaf块标签（空标签）th:block，标签本身不显示==>http://www.yyjjssnn.cn/articles/849.html

其它笔记

* th:action    <form id="login" th:action="@{/login}">......</form>    定义后台控制器的路径
* th:each        循环List集合: <tr th:each="user,iterStat : ${list}"> <td th:text="${user.userName}">Onions</td> </tr> iterStat:下标
                      循环Map集合: <div th:each="mapS:${map}"> <div th:text="${mapS}"></div> </div>
                      循环数组:        <div th:each="arrayS:${arrays}"> <div th:text="${arrayS}"></div> </div>
* th:field        
* th:href        定义超链接，类似<a>标签的href 属性。value形式为@{/login}
* th:id            类似html标签中的id属性。    <div class="user" th:id = "(${index})"></div>
* th:if            <span th:if="${Sex} == 1" > <input type="redio" name="se" th:value="男" /> </span> 
                     <span th:if="${Sex} == 2"> <input type="redio" name="se" th:value="女" /> </span>
* th:include
* th:fragment
* th:object
* th:src            外部资源引入    <script th:src="@{/static/js/jquery-2.4.min.js}"></script>
* th:replace
* th:text           <input th:text=${param} />
* th:value        <input th:value=${param} />
 
条件判断可以这样写：<input th:text="(${user.isAdmin}?'管理员':'普通用户')"></input>
 
 
Hello, [[${user.name}]]! //[[]]写法会html转义
Hello, [(${user.name})]! //[()]写法不会html转义

thymeleaf的配置文件说明 
#spring.thymeleaf.cache = true ＃启用模板缓存。 
#spring.thymeleaf.check-template = true ＃在呈现模板之前检查模板是否存在。
#spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location = true ＃检查模板位置是否存在。
#spring.thymeleaf.content-type = text / html ＃Content-Type值。 
#spring.thymeleaf.enabled = true ＃启用MVC Thymeleaf视图分辨率。 
#spring.thymeleaf.encoding = UTF-8 ＃模板编码。 
#spring.thymeleaf.excluded-view-names = ＃应该从解决方案中排除的视图名称的逗号分隔列表。 
#spring.thymeleaf.mode = HTML5 ＃应用于模板的模板模式。另请参见StandardTemplateModeHandlers。 
#spring.thymeleaf.prefix = classpath：/ templates / ＃在构建URL时预先查看名称的前缀。 
#spring.thymeleaf.suffix = .html ＃构建URL时附加到查看名称的后缀。 
#spring.thymeleaf.template-resolver-order = ＃链中模板解析器的顺序。 
#spring.thymeleaf.view-names = ＃可以解析的视图名称的逗号分隔列表。/ templates / ＃在构建URL时先查看名称的前缀。 
#spring.thymeleaf.suffix = .html ＃构建URL时附加到查看名称的后缀。 
#spring.thymeleaf.template-resolver-order = ＃链中模板解析器的顺序。 
#spring.thymeleaf.view-names = ＃可以解析的视图名称的逗号分隔列表。/ templates / ＃在构建URL时先查看名称的前缀。 
#spring.thymeleaf.suffix = .html ＃构建URL时附加到查看名称的后缀。 
#spring.thymeleaf.template-resolver-order = ＃链中模板解析器的顺序。 
#spring.thymeleaf.view-names = ＃可以解析的视图名称的逗号分隔列表。

其它待研究知识点

thymeleaf中的内联[ [ ] ]==>https://www.cnblogs.com/suncj/p/4031486.html

参考

thymeleaf的使用及配置==>https://www.cnblogs.com/gqymy/p/9216686.html

关于thymeleaf+layout布局的使用方式【纯转】==>https://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/p/11308836.html

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