SpringCloud教程第6篇：config（F版本）

一、简介

在分布式系统中，由于服务数量巨多，为了方便服务配置文件统一管理，实时更新，所以需要分布式配置中心组件。在Spring Cloud中，有分布式配置中心组件spring cloud config ，它支持配置服务放在配置服务的内存中（即本地），也支持放在远程Git仓库中。在spring cloud config 组件中，分两个角色，一是config server，二是config client。

二、构建Config Server

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sc-f-chapter6</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <modules>
        <module>config-server</module>
        <module>config-client</module>
    </modules>

    <name>sc-f-chapter6</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

创建一个spring-boot项目，取名为config-server,其pom.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>config-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>config-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sc-f-chapter6</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sc-f-chapter6</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sc-f-chapter6</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在程序的入口Application类加上@EnableConfigServer注解开启配置服务器的功能，代码如下：

package com.forezp.configserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

需要在程序的配置文件application.properties文件配置以下：

spring.application.name=config-server
server.port=8888

spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/CMRcircle/SpringcloudConfig/（这里换成你自己的仓库地址）
spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths=respos（你仓库文件夹）
spring.cloud.config.label=master（你的分支）
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username=你的用户名
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password=你的密码

• spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri：配置git仓库地址
• spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths：配置仓库路径
• spring.cloud.config.label：配置仓库的分支
• spring.cloud.config.server.git.username：访问git仓库的用户名
• spring.cloud.config.server.git.password：访问git仓库的用户密码

如果Git仓库为公开仓库，可以不填写用户名和密码，如果是私有仓库需要填写

foo = foo version 3

启动程序：访问http://localhost:8888/foo/dev

{"name":"foo","profiles":["dev"],"label":null,"version":"cfe66eaea0ad0e7efc39a12669884597d045c796","state":null,"propertySources":[]}

证明配置服务中心可以从远程程序获取配置信息。

http请求地址和资源文件映射如下:

• /{application}/{profile}[/{label}]
• /{application}-{profile}.yml
• /{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml
• /{application}-{profile}.properties
• /{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties

三、构建一个config client、

重新创建一个springboot项目，取名为config-client,其pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>config-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>config-client</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sc-f-chapter6</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

其配置文件bootstrap.properties：

spring.application.name=config-client
spring.cloud.config.label=master
spring.cloud.config.profile=dev
spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8888/
server.port=8881

• spring.cloud.config.label 指明远程仓库的分支
• spring.cloud.config.profile
  • dev开发环境配置文件
  • test测试环境
  • pro正式环境
• spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8888/ 指明配置服务中心的网址。

程序的入口类，写一个API接口“／hi”，返回从配置中心读取的foo变量的值，代码如下：

package com.forezp.configclient;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ConfigClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
    }
    @Value("${foo}")
    String foo;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(){
        return foo;
    }

}

打开网址访问：http://localhost:8881/hi，网页显示：

foo version 3

这就说明，config-client从config-server获取了foo的属性，而config-server是从git仓库读取的,如图：

源码：https://github.com/CMRcircle/learnspringcloud/tree/master/sc-f-chapter6