android开发之Parcelable使用详解

想要在两个activity之间传递对象，那么这个对象必须序列化，android中序列化一个对象有两种方式，一种是实现Serializable接口，这个非常简单，只需要声明一下就可以了，不痛不痒。但是android中还有一种特有的序列化方法，那就是实现Parcelable接口，使用这种方式来序列化的效率要高于实现Serializable接口。不过Serializable接口实在是太方便了，因此在某些情况下实现这个接口还是非常不错的选择。

使用Parcelable步骤：

1.实现Parcelable接口

2.实现接口中的两个方法

public int describeContents();
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags);

第一个方法是内容接口描述，默认返回0就可以了

第二个方法是将我们的对象序列化一个Parcel对象，也就是将我们的对象存入Parcel中

3.实例化静态内部对象CREATOR实现接口Parcelable.Creator，实例化CREATOR时要实现其中的两个方法，其中createFromParcel的功能就是从Parcel中读取我们的对象。

也就是说我们先利用writeToParcel方法写入对象，再利用createFromParcel方法读取对象，因此这两个方法中的读写顺序必须一致，否则会出现数据紊乱，一会我会举例子。

看一个代码示例：

public class Person implements Parcelable{
    private String username;
    private String nickname;
    private int age;
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getNickname() {
        return nickname;
    }
    public void setNickname(String nickname) {
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Person(String username, String nickname, int age) {
        super();
        this.username = username;
        this.nickname = nickname;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Person() {
        super();
    }
    /**
     * 这里的读的顺序必须与writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags)方法中
     * 写的顺序一致，否则数据会有差错，比如你的读取顺序如果是：
     * nickname = source.readString();
     * username=source.readString();
     * age = source.readInt();
     * 即调换了username和nickname的读取顺序，那么你会发现你拿到的username是nickname的数据，
     * 而你拿到的nickname是username的数据
     * @param source
     */
    public Person(Parcel source) {
        username = source.readString();
        nickname=source.readString();
        age = source.readInt();
    }
    /**
     * 这里默认返回0即可
     */
    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }
    /**
     * 把值写入Parcel中
     */
    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(username);
        dest.writeString(nickname);
        dest.writeInt(age);
    }
    public static final Creator<Person> CREATOR = new Creator<Person>() {
        /**
         * 供外部类反序列化本类数组使用
         */
        @Override
        public Person[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Person[size];
        }
        /**
         * 从Parcel中读取数据
         */
        @Override
        public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            return new Person(source);
        }
    };
}

本工程源码http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hqzY3go

最后贴上Parcelable源码，Google已经给了一个示例了：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package android.os;
/**
 * Interface for classes whose instances can be written to
 * and restored from a {@link Parcel}.  Classes implementing the Parcelable
 * interface must also have a static field called <code>CREATOR</code>, which
 * is an object implementing the {@link Parcelable.Creator Parcelable.Creator}
 * interface.
 *
 * <p>A typical implementation of Parcelable is:</p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * public class MyParcelable implements Parcelable {
 *     private int mData;
 *
 *     public int describeContents() {
 *         return 0;
 *     }
 *
 *     public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
 *         out.writeInt(mData);
 *     }
 *
 *     public static final Parcelable.Creator&lt;MyParcelable&gt; CREATOR
 *             = new Parcelable.Creator&lt;MyParcelable&gt;() {
 *         public MyParcelable createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
 *             return new MyParcelable(in);
 *         }
 *
 *         public MyParcelable[] newArray(int size) {
 *             return new MyParcelable[size];
 *         }
 *     };
 *
 *     private MyParcelable(Parcel in) {
 *         mData = in.readInt();
 *     }
 * }</pre>
 */
public interface Parcelable {
    /**
     * Flag for use with {@link #writeToParcel}: the object being written
     * is a return value, that is the result of a function such as
     * "<code>Parcelable someFunction()</code>",
     * "<code>void someFunction(out Parcelable)</code>", or
     * "<code>void someFunction(inout Parcelable)</code>".  Some implementations
     * may want to release resources at this point.
     */
    public static final int PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE = 0x0001;
    /**
     * Bit masks for use with {@link #describeContents}: each bit represents a
     * kind of object considered to have potential special significance when
     * marshalled.
     */
    public static final int CONTENTS_FILE_DESCRIPTOR = 0x0001;
    /**
     * Describe the kinds of special objects contained in this Parcelable's
     * marshalled representation.
     *
     * @return a bitmask indicating the set of special object types marshalled
     * by the Parcelable.
     */
    public int describeContents();
    /**
     * Flatten this object in to a Parcel.
     *
     * @param dest The Parcel in which the object should be written.
     * @param flags Additional flags about how the object should be written.
     * May be 0 or {@link #PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE}.
     */
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags);
    /**
     * Interface that must be implemented and provided as a public CREATOR
     * field that generates instances of your Parcelable class from a Parcel.
     */
    public interface Creator<T> {
        /**
         * Create a new instance of the Parcelable class, instantiating it
         * from the given Parcel whose data had previously been written by
         * {@link Parcelable#writeToParcel Parcelable.writeToParcel()}.
         *
         * @param source The Parcel to read the object's data from.
         * @return Returns a new instance of the Parcelable class.
         */
        public T createFromParcel(Parcel source);
        /**
         * Create a new array of the Parcelable class.
         *
         * @param size Size of the array.
         * @return Returns an array of the Parcelable class, with every entry
         * initialized to null.
         */
        public T[] newArray(int size);
    }
    /**
     * Specialization of {@link Creator} that allows you to receive the
     * ClassLoader the object is being created in.
     */
    public interface ClassLoaderCreator<T> extends Creator<T> {
        /**
         * Create a new instance of the Parcelable class, instantiating it
         * from the given Parcel whose data had previously been written by
         * {@link Parcelable#writeToParcel Parcelable.writeToParcel()} and
         * using the given ClassLoader.
         *
         * @param source The Parcel to read the object's data from.
         * @param loader The ClassLoader that this object is being created in.
         * @return Returns a new instance of the Parcelable class.
         */
        public T createFromParcel(Parcel source, ClassLoader loader);
    }
}

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