Mysql字符集与校对规则
字符集是一套字符和编码的集合,校对规则是用于比较字符集的一套规则。
所以字符集有两部分组成字符集合和对应的编码集合。比如说,现在有这几个字符:A B a b, 假设它们对应的编码分别是00, 01, 10, 11,那么ABab和[00,01,10,11]就组成了一套字符集。那么校对规则的作用就是规则A<B还是A>B。假设我们规定A<B,A=a,B=b,这个规定就组成了一个校对规则。当然我们也可以规定A>B,A>a,a>b这样也是一套校对规则。所以一个字符集可以有多套的校对规则。
查看mysql服务器字符集和校对规则的方法:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; //其中character_set_server就是当前服务器的使用的字符集
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" alt="" />
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; //其中collation_server就是当前服务器使用的校对规则
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" alt="" />
查看数据库字符集和校对规则
方法与查看服务器相同。不过在查看前要先use一下想查看的数据库。
mysql> use 数据库名
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
当然还可以使用如下命令查看字符集:
mysql> show create database 数据库名
查看数据表字符集和校对规则的方法:
mysql> show create table 表名
mysql> show table status
查看字段的的字符集和校对规则方法:
mysql> show create table 数据表名
mysql> show full columns from 数据表名
注意:在没有设置字符集时,系统会自动分配字符集给它们,继承关系是:字段继承表,表继承库,库继承服务器。
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