一、表访问方式

CBO基础概念中有讲到，访问表的方式有两种：全表扫描和ROWID扫描。

全表扫描的执行计划：TABLE ACCESS FULL

ROWID扫描对应执行计划：TABLE ACCESS BY USER ROWID 或 TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID

通过例子说明

（一）、全表扫描方式

select empno,ename from scott.emp

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  6c0fp61y99tuw, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp

Plan hash value: 3956160932

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |       |       |     3 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |   140 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

（二）、rowid访问方式

1、TABLE ACCESS BY USER ROWID

select empno,ename from scott.emp where rowid='AAASZHAAEAAAACXAAA'

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  99f9cvxt33nzy, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp where rowid='AAASZHAAEAAAACXAAA'

Plan hash value: 1116584662

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                  | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT           |      |       |       |     1 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY USER ROWID| EMP  |     1 |    22 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2、TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID

select empno,ename from scott.emp where empno=7521

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  69nxfycyppq7m, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp where empno=7521

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     1 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    10 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     0   (0)|          |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

...

二、B*树访问方式

索引唯一扫描、索引范围扫描、索引全扫描、索引快速扫描、索引跳跃式扫描

以上这些执行计划执行计划相对应

索引唯一扫描：INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
索引范围扫描：INDEX RANGE SCAN
索引全扫描：INDEX FULL SCAN
索引快速全扫描：INDEX FAST FULL SCAN
索引跳跃式扫描：INDEX SKIP SCAN

例子说明

（一）、索引唯一扫描：INDEX UNIQUE SCAN

select empno,ename from scott.emp where empno=7521

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  69nxfycyppq7m, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp where empno=7521

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     1 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    10 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     0   (0)|          |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

通过唯一索引的方式获取rowid访问表中的以rowid的方式

（二）、索引范围扫描：INDEX RANGE SCAN

select empno,ename from scott.emp where empno>=7521 and empno<=8521

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  95m0uw0yxc10w, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp where empno>=7521 and empno<=8521

Plan hash value: 169057108

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |    11 |   110 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | PK_EMP |    11 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("EMPNO">=7521 AND "EMPNO"<=8521)

谓词中存在大于、小于的访问方式时，并且这个谓词建议过索引，基本采用索引范围扫描的方式

（三）、索引全扫描：INDEX FULL SCAN

select empno,ename from scott.emp order by empno

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  3bt7b5h1rxh6z, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp order by empno

Plan hash value: 4170700152

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |    14 |   140 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN           | PK_EMP |    14 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

当索引列的定义可以为null

create index ind_EMP_JOB  ON scott.emp(JOB); 

select empno,ename from scott.emp order by job

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  cnpptzn6mshrb, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp order by job

Plan hash value: 150391907

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |       |       |     4 (100)|          |

|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY     |      |    14 |   252 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |   252 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

发现如果JOB列定义可以为空的话，order by 是不会走索引的。

调整列的属性，不能为空，在查看执行计划

alter table scott.emp modify(job not null)

select empno,ename from scott.emp order by job

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  cnpptzn6mshrb, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp order by job

Plan hash value: 157317628

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |             |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP         |    14 |   252 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN           | IND_EMP_JOB |    14 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

（四）、索引快速全扫描：INDEX FAST FULL SCAN

select /*+index_ffs(a ind_EMP_JOB)*/ job  from scott.emp a

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  3hu16hz75qkhu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+index_ffs(a ind_EMP_JOB)*/ job  from scott.emp a

Plan hash value: 2520590889

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation            | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |             |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IND_EMP_JOB |    14 |   112 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

这里使用HINT，强制提示优化器走fast索引的方式

（五）、索引跳跃式扫描：INDEX SKIP SCAN

用于复合索引中的，非索引前导列的访问

create index ind_EMP_JENAME  ON scott.emp(JOB,ename); 

select empno,ename from scott.emp where ename='ALLEN'

SQL_ID  bdfu46xwtg0qk, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename from scott.emp where ename='ALLEN'

Plan hash value: 878294805

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP            |     1 |    10 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX SKIP SCAN           | IND_EMP_JENAME |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("ENAME"='ALLEN')

       filter("ENAME"='ALLEN')

三、位图索引访问的方式

适用于数据仓库，不适用OLTP系统，物理存储结构类似B*数索引，对应rowid的上限、rowid的下限、位图段。

对于oracle数据库中的位图索引而言，他是没有行锁这个概念的，要锁就锁索引行的整个位图段，而多个数据行可能对应同一个索引行的位图段，这个锁的粒度就决定了位图索引不适用于高并发并频繁修改的OLTP系统,在OLTP系统中，很容易产生死锁。

位图索引单键值扫描：BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE
位图索引范围扫描: BITMAP INDEX RANGE SCAN
位图索引全扫描: BITMAP INDEX FULL SCAN
位图索引快速全扫描: BITMAP INDEX FAST FULL SCAN
位图按位与: BITMAP AND
位图按位或: BITMAP OR
位图按位减: BITMAP MINUS

（一）、构造一张表，测试位图索引

Create table test_normal (empno number(10), ename varchar2(30), sal number(10)) TABLESPACE GLL01;

Begin

For i in 1..1000000

Loop

   Insert into test_normal

   values(i, dbms_random.string('U',30), dbms_random.value(1000,7000));

   If mod(i, 10000) = 0 then

   Commit;

  End if;

End loop;

End;

create bitmap index normal_empno_bmx on test_normal(empno) TABLESPACE GLL01;

create bitmap index normal_empno_sal on test_normal(sal) TABLESPACE GLL01;

EXECUTE DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('SYS','TEST_NORMAL',CASCADE=>TRUE);

（二）、位图索引单键值扫描：BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE

select * from test_normal where empno=1000

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  343wc0yvq4cc9, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from test_normal where empno=1000

Plan hash value: 4267925254

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                    | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                  |       |       |     3 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | TEST_NORMAL      |     1 |    40 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS|                  |       |       |            |          |

|*  3 |    BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE | NORMAL_EMPNO_BMX |       |       |            |          |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   3 - access("EMPNO"=1000)

（三）、位图索引范围扫描: BITMAP INDEX RANGE SCAN

select * from  test_normal where empno>=50 and  empno<=2000

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  34p69q6q4wqxx, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from  test_normal where empno>=50 and  empno<=2000

Plan hash value: 641040856

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                    | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                  |       |       |   362 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | TEST_NORMAL      |  1952 | 78080 |   362   (0)| 00:00:05 |

|   2 |   BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS|                  |       |       |            |          |

|*  3 |    BITMAP INDEX RANGE SCAN   | NORMAL_EMPNO_BMX |       |       |            |          |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   3 - access("EMPNO">=50 AND "EMPNO"<=2000)

（四）、位图索引全扫描: BITMAP INDEX FULL SCAN

select /*+index(a normal_empno_bmx)*/  a.empno  from  test_normal a

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  cmxdf5ry1gvw1, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+index(a normal_empno_bmx)*/  a.empno  from  test_normal a

Plan hash value: 220257735

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                  |       |       |  3496 (100)|          |

|   1 |  BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS|                  |  1000K|  4882K|  3496   (1)| 00:00:42 |

|   2 |   BITMAP INDEX FULL SCAN    | NORMAL_EMPNO_BMX |       |       |            |          |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

（五）、位图索引快速全扫描: BITMAP INDEX FAST FULL SCAN

select /*+index_ffs(a normal_empno_bmx)*/  a.empno  from  test_normal a

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  9rgzkasky186v, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+index_ffs(a normal_empno_bmx)*/  a.empno  from  test_normal a

Plan hash value: 2075344169

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                    | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                  |       |       |  3141 (100)|          |

|   1 |  BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS |                  |  1000K|  4882K|  3141   (1)| 00:00:38 |

|   2 |   BITMAP INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| NORMAL_EMPNO_BMX |       |       |            |          |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

（六）、位图按位与: BITMAP AND、BITMAP OR

select * from  test_normal where empno=3969  and  sal in (1008,1011)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  cyf5th2ts2z7j, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from  test_normal where empno=3969  and  sal in (1008,1011)

Plan hash value: 640003492

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                     | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                  |       |       |     5 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID  | TEST_NORMAL      |     1 |    40 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS |                  |       |       |            |          |

|   3 |    BITMAP AND                 |                  |       |       |            |          |

|   4 |     BITMAP OR                 |                  |       |       |            |          |

|*  5 |      BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE| NORMAL_EMPNO_SAL |       |       |            |          |

|*  6 |      BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE| NORMAL_EMPNO_SAL |       |       |            |          |

|*  7 |     BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE | NORMAL_EMPNO_BMX |       |       |            |          |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   5 - access("SAL"=1008)

   6 - access("SAL"=1011)

   7 - access("EMPNO"=3969)

（七）、位图按位减: BITMAP MINUS

select /*+index_ffs(test_normal normal_empno_sal)*/  * from  test_normal where empno>=50 and  empno<=20000 and  sal not in (1008)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  dn3yq5vrp1524, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+index_ffs(test_normal normal_empno_sal)*/  * from

test_normal where empno>=50 and  empno<=20000 and  sal not in (1008)

Plan hash value: 3977516083

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                     | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                  |       |       |  1385 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID  | TEST_NORMAL      | 19949 |   779K|  1385   (1)| 00:00:17 |

|   2 |   BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS |                  |       |       |            |          |

|   3 |    BITMAP MINUS               |                  |       |       |            |          |

|   4 |     BITMAP MINUS              |                  |       |       |            |          |

|   5 |      BITMAP MERGE             |                  |       |       |            |          |

|*  6 |       BITMAP INDEX RANGE SCAN | NORMAL_EMPNO_BMX |       |       |            |          |

|*  7 |      BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE| NORMAL_EMPNO_SAL |       |       |            |          |

|*  8 |     BITMAP INDEX SINGLE VALUE | NORMAL_EMPNO_SAL |       |       |            |          |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   6 - access("EMPNO">=50 AND "EMPNO"<=20000)

   7 - access("SAL"=1008)

   8 - access("SAL" IS NULL)

列值为NULL，位图索引是记录，以上这个例子中也把列为NULL剔除

四、表连接的访问方式

嵌套循环连接：NESTED LOOPS
哈希连接：hash join
排序合并连接：sort join和merge join
反连接：nested loops anti、hash join anti、merge join anti
半连接：nested loop semi、hash join semi、merge join semi

（一）、嵌套循环连接：NESTED LOOPS

select /*+leading(a) use_nl(b)*/* from scott.emp a , scott.dept b  where a.deptno=b.deptno

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  c6xax626nhn8k, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+leading(a) use_nl(b)*/* from scott.emp a , scott.dept b

where a.deptno=b.deptno

Plan hash value: 3625962092

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                    | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |       |       |    17 (100)|          |

|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |         |       |       |            |          |

|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS               |         |    14 |   798 |    17   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL         | EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  4 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |     1 |       |     0   (0)|          |

|   5 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |     1 |    19 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（二）、哈希连接：hash join

select /*+leading(a) use_hash(b)*/* from scott.emp a , scott.dept b  where a.deptno=b.deptno

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  fq65sryy1d9dw, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+leading(a) use_hash(b)*/* from scott.emp a , scott.dept b

where a.deptno=b.deptno

Plan hash value: 1123238657

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |       |       |     7 (100)|          |

|*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |      |    14 |   798 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT |     3 |    57 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（三）、排序合并连接：sort join和merge join

select /*+use_merge(a b)*/* from scott.emp a , scott.dept b  where a.deptno=b.deptno

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  9w06suya2pdrn, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select /*+use_merge(a b)*/* from scott.emp a , scott.dept b  where

a.deptno=b.deptno

Plan hash value: 844388907

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                    | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |       |       |     6 (100)|          |

|   1 |  MERGE JOIN                  |         |    14 |   798 |     6  (17)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |     3 |    57 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |    INDEX FULL SCAN           | PK_DEPT |     3 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  4 |   SORT JOIN                  |         |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |

|   5 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL         | EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

       filter("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（四）、反连接：nested loops anti

alter table scott.emp modify(deptno not  null)

select * from scott.emp  a WHERE A.DEPTNO NOT   IN (SELECT  /*+nl_aj*/  DEPTNO FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  dh1c9mwpw9pjx, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from scott.emp  a WHERE A.DEPTNO NOT   IN (SELECT  /*+nl_aj*/

DEPTNO FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

Plan hash value: 3496123964

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |         |       |       |     3 (100)|          |

|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS ANTI |         |     7 |   287 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  3 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN| PK_DEPT |     2 |     6 |     0   (0)|          |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   3 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（五）、反连接：hash join anti

select * from scott.emp a WHERE A.DEPTNO NOT  IN (SELECT /*+hash_aj*/    DEPTNO FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  dhq4hhqgqqn0n, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from scott.emp a WHERE A.DEPTNO NOT  IN (SELECT /*+hash_aj*/

 DEPTNO FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

Plan hash value: 1958379418

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |         |       |       |     5 (100)|          |

|*  1 |  HASH JOIN ANTI    |         |     7 |   287 |     5  (20)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |   INDEX FULL SCAN  | PK_DEPT |     3 |     9 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（六）、反连接：merge join anti

select * from scott.emp  a WHERE A.DEPTNO NOT   IN (SELECT  /*+merge_aj*/  DEPTNO FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  1r60ktudp9vq2, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from scott.emp  a WHERE A.DEPTNO NOT   IN (SELECT

/*+merge_aj*/  DEPTNO FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

Plan hash value: 4267419248

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation           | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |         |       |       |     6 (100)|          |

|   1 |  MERGE JOIN ANTI    |         |     7 |   287 |     6  (34)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   SORT JOIN         |         |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  4 |   SORT UNIQUE       |         |     3 |     9 |     2  (50)| 00:00:01 |

|   5 |    INDEX FULL SCAN  | PK_DEPT |     3 |     9 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

       filter("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（七）、半连接：nested loop semi

select * from scott.emp a WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT /*+nl_sj*/  1 FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  9htytj0pxjhkg, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from scott.emp a WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT /*+nl_sj*/  1 FROM

scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

Plan hash value: 3274513678

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |         |       |       |     3 (100)|          |

|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS SEMI |         |     7 |   287 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  3 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN| PK_DEPT |     2 |     6 |     0   (0)|          |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   3 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（八）、半连接：hash join semi

select * from scott.emp a WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT /*+hash_sj*/  1 FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  cjhjgkgs8q1fc, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from scott.emp a WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT /*+hash_sj*/  1 FROM

scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

Plan hash value: 3753861400

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |         |       |       |     5 (100)|          |

|*  1 |  HASH JOIN SEMI    |         |     7 |   287 |     5  (20)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |   INDEX FULL SCAN  | PK_DEPT |     3 |     9 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

（九）、半连接：merge join semi

select * from scott.emp a WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT /*+merge_sj*/  1 FROM scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

select *from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null))

SQL_ID  f2zxcjpqvpsu5, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select * from scott.emp a WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT /*+merge_sj*/  1 FROM

scott.dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno)

Plan hash value: 3011744318

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation           | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |         |       |       |     6 (100)|          |

|   1 |  MERGE JOIN SEMI    |         |     7 |   287 |     6  (34)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   SORT JOIN         |         |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP     |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  4 |   SORT UNIQUE       |         |     3 |     9 |     2  (50)| 00:00:01 |

|   5 |    INDEX FULL SCAN  | PK_DEPT |     3 |     9 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

       filter("A"."DEPTNO"="B"."DEPTNO")

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