python模块：shutil
"""Utility functions for copying and archiving files and directory trees. XXX The functions here don't copy the resource fork or other metadata on Mac. """ import os
import sys
import stat
import fnmatch
import collections
import errno try:
import zlib
del zlib
_ZLIB_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_ZLIB_SUPPORTED = False try:
import bz2
del bz2
_BZ2_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_BZ2_SUPPORTED = False try:
import lzma
del lzma
_LZMA_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_LZMA_SUPPORTED = False try:
from pwd import getpwnam
except ImportError:
getpwnam = None try:
from grp import getgrnam
except ImportError:
getgrnam = None __all__ = ["copyfileobj", "copyfile", "copymode", "copystat", "copy", "copy2",
"copytree", "move", "rmtree", "Error", "SpecialFileError",
"ExecError", "make_archive", "get_archive_formats",
"register_archive_format", "unregister_archive_format",
"get_unpack_formats", "register_unpack_format",
"unregister_unpack_format", "unpack_archive",
"ignore_patterns", "chown", "which", "get_terminal_size",
"SameFileError"]
# disk_usage is added later, if available on the platform class Error(OSError):
pass class SameFileError(Error):
"""Raised when source and destination are the same file.""" class SpecialFileError(OSError):
"""Raised when trying to do a kind of operation (e.g. copying) which is
not supported on a special file (e.g. a named pipe)""" class ExecError(OSError):
"""Raised when a command could not be executed""" class ReadError(OSError):
"""Raised when an archive cannot be read""" class RegistryError(Exception):
"""Raised when a registry operation with the archiving
and unpacking registries fails""" def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):
"""copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""
while 1:
buf = fsrc.read(length)
if not buf:
break
fdst.write(buf) def _samefile(src, dst):
# Macintosh, Unix.
if hasattr(os.path, 'samefile'):
try:
return os.path.samefile(src, dst)
except OSError:
return False # All other platforms: check for same pathname.
return (os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(src)) ==
os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(dst))) def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data from src to dst. If follow_symlinks is not set and src is a symbolic link, a new
symlink will be created instead of copying the file it points to. """
if _samefile(src, dst):
raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst)) for fn in [src, dst]:
try:
st = os.stat(fn)
except OSError:
# File most likely does not exist
pass
else:
# XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)
if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):
raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn) if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src):
os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
else:
with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
return dst def copymode(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy mode bits from src to dst. If follow_symlinks is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and only
if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks. If `lchmod` isn't available
(e.g. Linux) this method does nothing. """
if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst):
if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.lstat, os.lchmod
else:
return
elif hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.stat, os.chmod
else:
return st = stat_func(src)
chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)) if hasattr(os, 'listxattr'):
def _copyxattr(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy extended filesystem attributes from `src` to `dst`. Overwrite existing attributes. If `follow_symlinks` is false, symlinks won't be followed. """ try:
names = os.listxattr(src, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA):
raise
return
for name in names:
try:
value = os.getxattr(src, name, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
os.setxattr(dst, name, value, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in (errno.EPERM, errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA):
raise
else:
def _copyxattr(*args, **kwargs):
pass def copystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst. If the optional flag `follow_symlinks` is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and
only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks. """
def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
pass # follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
if follow:
# use the real function if it exists
def lookup(name):
return getattr(os, name, _nop)
else:
# use the real function only if it exists
# *and* it supports follow_symlinks
def lookup(name):
fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:
return fn
return _nop st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns),
follow_symlinks=follow)
try:
lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)
except NotImplementedError:
# if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
# * follow_symlinks=False,
# * lchown() is unavailable, and
# * either
# * fchownat() is unavailable or
# * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
# (it returned ENOSUP.)
# therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
# symlink. give up, suppress the error.
# (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
pass
if hasattr(st, 'st_flags'):
try:
lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)
except OSError as why:
for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP':
if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):
break
else:
raise
_copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow) def copy(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst"). Return the file's destination. The destination may be a directory. If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst". If source and destination are the same file, a SameFileError will be
raised. """
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst def copy2(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst"). Return the file's
destination." The destination may be a directory. If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst". """
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst def ignore_patterns(*patterns):
"""Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter. Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
that are used to exclude files"""
def _ignore_patterns(path, names):
ignored_names = []
for pattern in patterns:
ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))
return set(ignored_names)
return _ignore_patterns def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=False):
"""Recursively copy a directory tree. The destination directory must not already exist.
If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons. If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the
source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if
it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
links are copied. If the file pointed by the symlink doesn't
exist, an exception will be added in the list of errors raised in
an Error exception at the end of the copy process. You can set the optional ignore_dangling_symlinks flag to true if you
want to silence this exception. Notice that this has no effect on
platforms that don't support os.symlink. The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it
is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory
being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of
`src` contents, as returned by os.listdir(): callable(src, names) -> ignored_names Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be
called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a
list of names relative to the `src` directory that should
not be copied. The optional copy_function argument is a callable that will be used
to copy each file. It will be called with the source path and the
destination path as arguments. By default, copy2() is used, but any
function that supports the same signature (like copy()) can be used. """
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:
ignored_names = set() os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
if name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
try:
if os.path.islink(srcname):
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
if symlinks:
# We can't just leave it to `copy_function` because legacy
# code with a custom `copy_function` may rely on copytree
# doing the right thing.
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
copystat(srcname, dstname, follow_symlinks=not symlinks)
else:
# ignore dangling symlink if the flag is on
if not os.path.exists(linkto) and ignore_dangling_symlinks:
continue
# otherwise let the copy occurs. copy2 will raise an error
if os.path.isdir(srcname):
copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore,
copy_function)
else:
copy_function(srcname, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore, copy_function)
else:
# Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types
copy_function(srcname, dstname)
# catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
# continue with other files
except Error as err:
errors.extend(err.args[0])
except OSError as why:
errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
try:
copystat(src, dst)
except OSError as why:
# Copying file access times may fail on Windows
if getattr(why, 'winerror', None) is None:
errors.append((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:
raise Error(errors)
return dst # version vulnerable to race conditions
def _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror):
try:
if os.path.islink(path):
# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
# can't continue even if onerror hook returns
return
names = []
try:
names = os.listdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
for name in names:
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
try:
mode = os.lstat(fullname).st_mode
except OSError:
mode = 0
if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
_rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
else:
try:
os.unlink(fullname)
except OSError:
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
try:
os.rmdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info()) # Version using fd-based APIs to protect against races
def _rmtree_safe_fd(topfd, path, onerror):
names = []
try:
names = os.listdir(topfd)
except OSError as err:
err.filename = path
onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
for name in names:
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
try:
orig_st = os.stat(name, dir_fd=topfd, follow_symlinks=False)
mode = orig_st.st_mode
except OSError:
mode = 0
if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
try:
dirfd = os.open(name, os.O_RDONLY, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.open, fullname, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(dirfd)):
_rmtree_safe_fd(dirfd, fullname, onerror)
try:
os.rmdir(name, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, fullname, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
# This can only happen if someone replaces
# a directory with a symlink after the call to
# stat.S_ISDIR above.
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic "
"link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
finally:
os.close(dirfd)
else:
try:
os.unlink(name, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info()) _use_fd_functions = ({os.open, os.stat, os.unlink, os.rmdir} <=
os.supports_dir_fd and
os.listdir in os.supports_fd and
os.stat in os.supports_follow_symlinks) def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):
"""Recursively delete a directory tree. If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror
is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func,
path, exc_info) where func is platform and implementation dependent;
path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and
exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors
is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised. """
if ignore_errors:
def onerror(*args):
pass
elif onerror is None:
def onerror(*args):
raise
if _use_fd_functions:
# While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not.
if isinstance(path, bytes):
path = os.fsdecode(path)
# Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard
# lstat()/open()/fstat() trick.
try:
orig_st = os.lstat(path)
except Exception:
onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
return
try:
fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY)
except Exception:
onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
return
try:
if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(fd)):
_rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror)
try:
os.rmdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
finally:
os.close(fd)
else:
return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror) # Allow introspection of whether or not the hardening against symlink
# attacks is supported on the current platform
rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks = _use_fd_functions def _basename(path):
# A basename() variant which first strips the trailing slash, if present.
# Thus we always get the last component of the path, even for directories.
sep = os.path.sep + (os.path.altsep or '')
return os.path.basename(path.rstrip(sep)) def move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2):
"""Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
destination. If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
exist. If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics. If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
filesystem renames. The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
signature (like copy()) can be used. A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
the issues this implementation glosses over. """
real_dst = dst
if os.path.isdir(dst):
if _samefile(src, dst):
# We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,
# perform the rename anyway.
os.rename(src, dst)
return real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
if os.path.exists(real_dst):
raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst)
try:
os.rename(src, real_dst)
except OSError:
if os.path.islink(src):
linkto = os.readlink(src)
os.symlink(linkto, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
elif os.path.isdir(src):
if _destinsrc(src, dst):
raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself"
" '%s'." % (src, dst))
copytree(src, real_dst, copy_function=copy_function,
symlinks=True)
rmtree(src)
else:
copy_function(src, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
return real_dst def _destinsrc(src, dst):
src = os.path.abspath(src)
dst = os.path.abspath(dst)
if not src.endswith(os.path.sep):
src += os.path.sep
if not dst.endswith(os.path.sep):
dst += os.path.sep
return dst.startswith(src) def _get_gid(name):
"""Returns a gid, given a group name."""
if getgrnam is None or name is None:
return None
try:
result = getgrnam(name)
except KeyError:
result = None
if result is not None:
return result[2]
return None def _get_uid(name):
"""Returns an uid, given a user name."""
if getpwnam is None or name is None:
return None
try:
result = getpwnam(name)
except KeyError:
result = None
if result is not None:
return result[2]
return None def _make_tarball(base_name, base_dir, compress="gzip", verbose=0, dry_run=0,
owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create a (possibly compressed) tar file from all the files under
'base_dir'. 'compress' must be "gzip" (the default), "bzip2", "xz", or None. 'owner' and 'group' can be used to define an owner and a group for the
archive that is being built. If not provided, the current owner and group
will be used. The output tar file will be named 'base_name' + ".tar", possibly plus
the appropriate compression extension (".gz", ".bz2", or ".xz"). Returns the output filename.
"""
if compress is None:
tar_compression = ''
elif _ZLIB_SUPPORTED and compress == 'gzip':
tar_compression = 'gz'
elif _BZ2_SUPPORTED and compress == 'bzip2':
tar_compression = 'bz2'
elif _LZMA_SUPPORTED and compress == 'xz':
tar_compression = 'xz'
else:
raise ValueError("bad value for 'compress', or compression format not "
"supported : {0}".format(compress)) import tarfile # late import for breaking circular dependency compress_ext = '.' + tar_compression if compress else ''
archive_name = base_name + '.tar' + compress_ext
archive_dir = os.path.dirname(archive_name) if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir):
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir)
if not dry_run:
os.makedirs(archive_dir) # creating the tarball
if logger is not None:
logger.info('Creating tar archive') uid = _get_uid(owner)
gid = _get_gid(group) def _set_uid_gid(tarinfo):
if gid is not None:
tarinfo.gid = gid
tarinfo.gname = group
if uid is not None:
tarinfo.uid = uid
tarinfo.uname = owner
return tarinfo if not dry_run:
tar = tarfile.open(archive_name, 'w|%s' % tar_compression)
try:
tar.add(base_dir, filter=_set_uid_gid)
finally:
tar.close() return archive_name def _make_zipfile(base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0, logger=None):
"""Create a zip file from all the files under 'base_dir'. The output zip file will be named 'base_name' + ".zip". Returns the
name of the output zip file.
"""
import zipfile # late import for breaking circular dependency zip_filename = base_name + ".zip"
archive_dir = os.path.dirname(base_name) if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir):
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir)
if not dry_run:
os.makedirs(archive_dir) if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating '%s' and adding '%s' to it",
zip_filename, base_dir) if not dry_run:
with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, "w",
compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
path = os.path.normpath(base_dir)
if path != os.curdir:
zf.write(path, path)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(base_dir):
for name in sorted(dirnames):
path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirpath, name))
zf.write(path, path)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
for name in filenames:
path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirpath, name))
if os.path.isfile(path):
zf.write(path, path)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path) return zip_filename _ARCHIVE_FORMATS = {
'tar': (_make_tarball, [('compress', None)], "uncompressed tar file"),
} if _ZLIB_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['gztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'gzip')],
"gzip'ed tar-file")
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['zip'] = (_make_zipfile, [], "ZIP file") if _BZ2_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['bztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'bzip2')],
"bzip2'ed tar-file") if _LZMA_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['xztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'xz')],
"xz'ed tar-file") def get_archive_formats():
"""Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving. Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description)
"""
formats = [(name, registry[2]) for name, registry in
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS.items()]
formats.sort()
return formats def register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description=''):
"""Registers an archive format. name is the name of the format. function is the callable that will be
used to create archives. If provided, extra_args is a sequence of
(name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable.
description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
by the get_archive_formats() function.
"""
if extra_args is None:
extra_args = []
if not callable(function):
raise TypeError('The %s object is not callable' % function)
if not isinstance(extra_args, (tuple, list)):
raise TypeError('extra_args needs to be a sequence')
for element in extra_args:
if not isinstance(element, (tuple, list)) or len(element) !=2:
raise TypeError('extra_args elements are : (arg_name, value)') _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name] = (function, extra_args, description) def unregister_archive_format(name):
del _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name] def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,
dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar). 'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific
extension; 'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar",
"bztar", or "xztar". Or any other registered format. 'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the
archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the
archive. 'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from;
ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and
directories in the archive. 'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default
to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file. 'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default,
uses the current owner and group.
"""
save_cwd = os.getcwd()
if root_dir is not None:
if logger is not None:
logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir)
base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name)
if not dry_run:
os.chdir(root_dir) if base_dir is None:
base_dir = os.curdir kwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger} try:
format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format) func = format_info[0]
for arg, val in format_info[1]:
kwargs[arg] = val if format != 'zip':
kwargs['owner'] = owner
kwargs['group'] = group try:
filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs)
finally:
if root_dir is not None:
if logger is not None:
logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd)
os.chdir(save_cwd) return filename def get_unpack_formats():
"""Returns a list of supported formats for unpacking. Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple
(name, extensions, description)
"""
formats = [(name, info[0], info[3]) for name, info in
_UNPACK_FORMATS.items()]
formats.sort()
return formats def _check_unpack_options(extensions, function, extra_args):
"""Checks what gets registered as an unpacker."""
# first make sure no other unpacker is registered for this extension
existing_extensions = {}
for name, info in _UNPACK_FORMATS.items():
for ext in info[0]:
existing_extensions[ext] = name for extension in extensions:
if extension in existing_extensions:
msg = '%s is already registered for "%s"'
raise RegistryError(msg % (extension,
existing_extensions[extension])) if not callable(function):
raise TypeError('The registered function must be a callable') def register_unpack_format(name, extensions, function, extra_args=None,
description=''):
"""Registers an unpack format. `name` is the name of the format. `extensions` is a list of extensions
corresponding to the format. `function` is the callable that will be
used to unpack archives. The callable will receive archives to unpack.
If it's unable to handle an archive, it needs to raise a ReadError
exception. If provided, `extra_args` is a sequence of
(name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable.
description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
by the get_unpack_formats() function.
"""
if extra_args is None:
extra_args = []
_check_unpack_options(extensions, function, extra_args)
_UNPACK_FORMATS[name] = extensions, function, extra_args, description def unregister_unpack_format(name):
"""Removes the pack format from the registry."""
del _UNPACK_FORMATS[name] def _ensure_directory(path):
"""Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
os.makedirs(dirname) def _unpack_zipfile(filename, extract_dir):
"""Unpack zip `filename` to `extract_dir`
"""
import zipfile # late import for breaking circular dependency if not zipfile.is_zipfile(filename):
raise ReadError("%s is not a zip file" % filename) zip = zipfile.ZipFile(filename)
try:
for info in zip.infolist():
name = info.filename # don't extract absolute paths or ones with .. in them
if name.startswith('/') or '..' in name:
continue target = os.path.join(extract_dir, *name.split('/'))
if not target:
continue _ensure_directory(target)
if not name.endswith('/'):
# file
data = zip.read(info.filename)
f = open(target, 'wb')
try:
f.write(data)
finally:
f.close()
del data
finally:
zip.close() def _unpack_tarfile(filename, extract_dir):
"""Unpack tar/tar.gz/tar.bz2/tar.xz `filename` to `extract_dir`
"""
import tarfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
try:
tarobj = tarfile.open(filename)
except tarfile.TarError:
raise ReadError(
"%s is not a compressed or uncompressed tar file" % filename)
try:
tarobj.extractall(extract_dir)
finally:
tarobj.close() _UNPACK_FORMATS = {
'tar': (['.tar'], _unpack_tarfile, [], "uncompressed tar file"),
'zip': (['.zip'], _unpack_zipfile, [], "ZIP file"),
} if _ZLIB_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['gztar'] = (['.tar.gz', '.tgz'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"gzip'ed tar-file") if _BZ2_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['bztar'] = (['.tar.bz2', '.tbz2'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"bzip2'ed tar-file") if _LZMA_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['xztar'] = (['.tar.xz', '.txz'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"xz'ed tar-file") def _find_unpack_format(filename):
for name, info in _UNPACK_FORMATS.items():
for extension in info[0]:
if filename.endswith(extension):
return name
return None def unpack_archive(filename, extract_dir=None, format=None):
"""Unpack an archive. `filename` is the name of the archive. `extract_dir` is the name of the target directory, where the archive
is unpacked. If not provided, the current working directory is used. `format` is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar", "bztar",
or "xztar". Or any other registered format. If not provided,
unpack_archive will use the filename extension and see if an unpacker
was registered for that extension. In case none is found, a ValueError is raised.
"""
if extract_dir is None:
extract_dir = os.getcwd() if format is not None:
try:
format_info = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("Unknown unpack format '{0}'".format(format)) func = format_info[1]
func(filename, extract_dir, **dict(format_info[2]))
else:
# we need to look at the registered unpackers supported extensions
format = _find_unpack_format(filename)
if format is None:
raise ReadError("Unknown archive format '{0}'".format(filename)) func = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format][1]
kwargs = dict(_UNPACK_FORMATS[format][2])
func(filename, extract_dir, **kwargs) if hasattr(os, 'statvfs'): __all__.append('disk_usage')
_ntuple_diskusage = collections.namedtuple('usage', 'total used free')
_ntuple_diskusage.total.__doc__ = 'Total space in bytes'
_ntuple_diskusage.used.__doc__ = 'Used space in bytes'
_ntuple_diskusage.free.__doc__ = 'Free space in bytes' def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path. Returned value is a named tuple with attributes 'total', 'used' and
'free', which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
st = os.statvfs(path)
free = st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
total = st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize
used = (st.f_blocks - st.f_bfree) * st.f_frsize
return _ntuple_diskusage(total, used, free) elif os.name == 'nt': import nt
__all__.append('disk_usage')
_ntuple_diskusage = collections.namedtuple('usage', 'total used free') def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path. Returned values is a named tuple with attributes 'total', 'used' and
'free', which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
total, free = nt._getdiskusage(path)
used = total - free
return _ntuple_diskusage(total, used, free) def chown(path, user=None, group=None):
"""Change owner user and group of the given path. user and group can be the uid/gid or the user/group names, and in that case,
they are converted to their respective uid/gid.
""" if user is None and group is None:
raise ValueError("user and/or group must be set") _user = user
_group = group # -1 means don't change it
if user is None:
_user = -1
# user can either be an int (the uid) or a string (the system username)
elif isinstance(user, str):
_user = _get_uid(user)
if _user is None:
raise LookupError("no such user: {!r}".format(user)) if group is None:
_group = -1
elif not isinstance(group, int):
_group = _get_gid(group)
if _group is None:
raise LookupError("no such group: {!r}".format(group)) os.chown(path, _user, _group) def get_terminal_size(fallback=(80, 24)):
"""Get the size of the terminal window. For each of the two dimensions, the environment variable, COLUMNS
and LINES respectively, is checked. If the variable is defined and
the value is a positive integer, it is used. When COLUMNS or LINES is not defined, which is the common case,
the terminal connected to sys.__stdout__ is queried
by invoking os.get_terminal_size. If the terminal size cannot be successfully queried, either because
the system doesn't support querying, or because we are not
connected to a terminal, the value given in fallback parameter
is used. Fallback defaults to (80, 24) which is the default
size used by many terminal emulators. The value returned is a named tuple of type os.terminal_size.
"""
# columns, lines are the working values
try:
columns = int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
columns = 0 try:
lines = int(os.environ['LINES'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
lines = 0 # only query if necessary
if columns <= 0 or lines <= 0:
try:
size = os.get_terminal_size(sys.__stdout__.fileno())
except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):
# stdout is None, closed, detached, or not a terminal, or
# os.get_terminal_size() is unsupported
size = os.terminal_size(fallback)
if columns <= 0:
columns = size.columns
if lines <= 0:
lines = size.lines return os.terminal_size((columns, lines)) def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
"""Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
file. `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
path. """
# Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
# Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
# directories pass the os.access check.
def _access_check(fn, mode):
return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
and not os.path.isdir(fn)) # If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
# than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
# current directory, e.g. ./script
if os.path.dirname(cmd):
if _access_check(cmd, mode):
return cmd
return None if path is None:
path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
if not path:
return None
path = path.split(os.pathsep) if sys.platform == "win32":
# The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
if not os.curdir in path:
path.insert(0, os.curdir) # PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
# See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
# This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
# If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
# others.
if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
files = [cmd]
else:
files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
else:
# On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
# what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
files = [cmd] seen = set()
for dir in path:
normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
if not normdir in seen:
seen.add(normdir)
for thefile in files:
name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
if _access_check(name, mode):
return name
return None
python:shutil
python模块：shutil的更多相关文章
- python模块shutil
shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst,[ length]) 拷贝文件句柄,将类文件对象fsrc的内容复制到类文件对象fdst.如果给定整数长度,则为缓冲区大小.如果长度是负值意味 ...
- python模块------shutil
说明 shutil -- High-level file operations 是一种高层次的文件操作工具 类似于高级API,而且主要强大之处在于其对文件的复制与删除操作更是比较支持好. copy() ...
- python(6)-shutil模块
高级的 文件.文件夹.压缩包 处理模块 shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length]) 将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中: #源码 def copyfileobj(fsr ...
- Python 第五篇(下)：系统标准模块(shutil、logging、shelve、configparser、subprocess、xml、yaml、自定义模块)
目录: shutil logging模块 shelve configparser subprocess xml处理 yaml处理 自定义模块 一,系统标准模块: 1.shutil:是一种高层次的文件操 ...
- python模块之os sys shutil
os模块 os模块是与操作系统交互的一个接口 #当前执行这个python文件的工作目录相关的工作路径 os.getcwd() 获取当前工作目录,即当前python脚本工作的目录路径 os.chdir( ...
- python基础--shutil模块
shutil模块提供了大量的文件的高级操作. 特别针对文件拷贝和删除,主要功能为目录和文件操作以及压缩操作.对单个文件的操作也可参见os模块. 注意 即便是更高级别的文件复制函数(shutil.cop ...
- Python模块：shutil、序列化（json&pickle&shelve）、xml
shutil模块: 高级的 文件.文件夹.压缩包 处理模块 shutil.copyfileobj(fscr,fdst [, length]) # 将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中 import shu ...
- python day 9: xlm模块,configparser模块,shutil模块,subprocess模块,logging模块，迭代器与生成器，反射
目录 python day 9 1. xml模块 1.1 初识xml 1.2 遍历xml文档的指定节点 1.3 通过python手工创建xml文档 1.4 创建节点的两种方式 1.5 总结 2. co ...
- python笔记7 logging模块 hashlib模块 异常处理 datetime模块 shutil模块 xml模块（了解)
logging模块 日志就是记录一些信息,方便查询或者辅助开发 记录文件,显示屏幕 低配日志, 只能写入文件或者屏幕输出 屏幕输出 import logging logging.debug('调试模式 ...
- Python 文件操作模块 shutil 详解
1.导入模块 shutil import shutil 2.shutil方法 2.1 shutil.copy(src,dst) //将 src 复制到 dst 保留文件权限 例:将Alan复制到 ...
随机推荐
- 常用的key和oid
1.FortiGate Template-Network-Office-Fortigate-Session Count:key,fgSysSesCount oid,.1.3.6.1.4.1.123 ...
- 15-算法训练 P1103
http://lx.lanqiao.cn/problem.page?gpid=T372 算法训练 P1103 时间限制:1.0s 内存限制:256.0MB 编程实现两个复数的运算 ...
- golang 创建一个简单的连接池，减少频繁的创建与关闭
一.连接池的描述图片如下: 二.连接池代码如下: package main; import ( "time" "sync" "errors" ...
- Jfinal适用于条件查询的动态SQL语句生成工具
条件查询是可能有为空字段,拼接SQL语句时候要屏蔽掉这些字段. package cn.pangpython.utils; import java.util.Iterator; import java. ...
- input框和文字对齐问题
css样式解决! style="vertical-align: text-bottom;margin-bottom: 2px;"一.问题产生的条件对于14像素大小的字体是没有本篇所 ...
- 12.Mysql存储过程和函数
12.存储过程和函数12.1 什么是存储过程和函数存储过程和函数是事先经过编译并存储在数据库中的一段SQL语句的集合,调用存储过程和函数简化应用开发人员的工作,减少数据在数据库和应用服务器之间的传输, ...
- PAT 1008 数组元素循环右移问题 (20)（代码）
1008 数组元素循环右移问题 (20)(20 分) 一个数组A中存有N(N>0)个整数,在不允许使用另外数组的前提下,将每个整数循环向右移M(M>=0)个位置,即将A中的数据由(A ...
- BZOJ1123或洛谷3469 [POI2008]BLO-Blockade
BZOJ原题链接 洛谷原题链接 若第\(i\)个点不是割点,那么只有这个点单独形成一个连通块,其它点依旧连通,则答案为\(2\times (n-1)\). 若第\(i\)个点是割点,那么去掉这个点相关 ...
- 利用gulp搭建less编译环境
什么是less? 一种 动态 样式 语言. LESS 将 CSS 赋予了动态语言的特性,如 变量, 继承, 运算, 函数. LESS 既可以在 客户端 上运行 (支持IE 6+, Webkit, ...
- netstat 查看端口命令
查看特定端口是否启动 netstat -lnp |