centeros6.8 下安装mysql教程

1.1 安装Mysql

1.1.1 检查

l 检查是否已安装mysql的相关包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

一般情况下，centeros系统中会存在mysql-lib的文件，需要卸载

卸载mysql-lib命令如下：
#rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64

MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64

MySQL-client-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64

MySQL-devel-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64

l 若已安装移除rpm包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e MySQL-client-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e MySQL-devel-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64

l 删除/var/lib/mysql/

[root@localhost ~]#rm -fr /var/lib/mysql/

[root@localhost ~]#rm -fr /etc/my.cnf

1.1.2 安装

l 上传安装包

[root@localhost ~]# cd soft/

上传完成之后检查上传的mysql rpm包的权限：ls -al

如果没有写的权限，则需要修改rpm包的权限：chmod -R 777 MySQL-client-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-devel-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost soft]# ll

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 9 20:44 jdk

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18360416 Jul 9 16:15 MySQL-client-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3368712 Jul 9 16:14 MySQL-devel-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 54592892 Jul 9 16:13 MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

l 安装

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

l 修改配置文件位置

[root@localhost soft]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

l 初始化MySQL

[root@localhost soft]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db

l 启动服务

[root@localhost soft]# service mysql start

l 查看root账号密码

[root@localhost soft]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

# The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl

注：命令的输出'qKTaFZnl'即为密码

l 登陆数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl

l 重置root密码为123456

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('1234abcd');

l 退出数据库

mysql> exit

l 验证密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p1234abcd

l 允许远程登陆

安装后的配置

1）登陆mysql数据库

mysql> use mysql;

2）查询主机，用户名，密码

mysql> select host,user,password from user;

+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

| host | user | password |

+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

| localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |

| 127.0.0.1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |

| ::1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |

+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

3）更新用户表，重置root密码

mysql> update user set password=password('1234abcd') where user='root';

4）允许远程登陆

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';

5）刷新权限

mysql> flush privileges;

6）退出server

mysql> exit

l 设置开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on

1）查看启动级别--以下为正常

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql

mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

l MySQL的默认安装位置--查看目录或文件是否存在

----------------------------------------------------------------------

1） /var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录

2） /usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录

l 修改字符集和数据存储路径

配置/etc/my.cnf和/usr/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.

vim /etc/my.cnf

配置/etc/my.cnf，vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

#log-slow-queries=/var/log/mysqllog/myslow.log

#long_query_time=1

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

lower_case_table_name=1

character-set-server=utf8

collation-server=utf8_general_ci

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

log-slow-queries=/var/log/mysqllog/myslow.log

long_query_time=1

配置/usr/my.cnf，vi /usr/my.cnf

[mysqld]

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

##max connections

max_connection=1000

重启mysql服务

service mysql restart

1.2 在CentOS系统中防火墙默认是阻止3306端口的，我们要是想访问mysql数据库，我们需要这个端口，命令如下：

/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

我们需要保存我们的操作，命令如下：

/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

此时我们可以查看端口的状态，命令如下：

/etc/init.d/iptables status

当然如果你打开其他端口也一样，只需要把这个端口号换乘你需要的端口号即可。

到此mysql安装成功！！