单元测试 - SpringBoot2+Mockito实战

在真实的开发中,我们通常是使用SpringBoot的,目前SpringBoot是v2.4.x的版本(SpringBoot 2.2.2.RELEASE之前默认是使用 JUnit4,之后版本默认使用Junit5);所以我们写个基于SpringBoot2.4+H2的内存库的简单例子,同时加点必要的单元测试。@pdai

SpringBoot对单测试的差异

SpringBoot 2.2.2.RELEASE之前默认是使用 JUnit4,之后版本默认使用Junit5。

pringboot+junit4:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootQuickStartApplicationTests { private MockMvc mvc; @Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
} @Test
public void contextLoads() throws Exception {
RequestBuilder request = null; request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn();
}
}

springboot+junit5:

@SpringBootTest
// 使用spring的测试框架
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
class SpringbootQuickStartApplicationTests { private MockMvc mockMvc; @BeforeEach // 类似于junit4的@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
} @Test
void contextLoads() throws Exception {
RequestBuilder request = null; request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
mockMvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn();
}
}

项目实践

Spring Boot 2.4.2 + H2 + Lombok + Spring Boot Test (默认包含了 Junit5 + Mockito)。

Demo程序准备

  • pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.4.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>tech.pdai</groupId>
<artifactId>java-springboot-unit5</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>java-springboot-unit5</name>
<description>java-springboot-unit5</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
  • application.yml
spring:
datasource:
platform: h2
driverClassName: org.h2.Driver
url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=MYSQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DATABASE_TO_UPPER=false
username: pdai
password: pdai
schema: classpath:db/schema/user-schema.sql
data: classpath:db/data/user-data.sql
initialization-mode: always
h2:
console:
settings:
trace: true
web-allow-others: true
enabled: true
path: /h2-console
jpa:
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
generate-ddl: false
open-in-view: false
  • 数据库文件准备

schema

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user;
CREATE TABLE user (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name varchar(35),
phone varchar(35)
);

data

insert into user(id,name,phone) values(1,'pdai','123456');
insert into user(id,name,phone) values(2,'zhangsan','123456');
  • entity
package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter; import javax.persistence.*; /**
* User.
*/
@Entity
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Table(name = "user")
public class User { @Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id; @Column
private String name; @Column
private String phone;
}
  • dao
package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity.User; /**
* user dao.
*/
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Integer> {
}
  • service
package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service;

import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
* user service.
*/
public interface IUserService { /**
* find all user.
*
* @return list
*/
List<User> findAll();
}
package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service.impl;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.dao.UserRepository;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity.User;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service.IUserService; import java.util.List; /**
* User service impl.
*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { /**
* user dao.
*/
private final UserRepository userRepository; /**
* init.
*
* @param userRepository2 user dao
*/
public UserServiceImpl(final UserRepository userRepository2) {
this.userRepository = userRepository2;
} /**
* find all user.
*
* @return list
*/
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
return userRepository.findAll();
}
}
  • Controller
package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.controller;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity.User;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service.IUserService; import java.util.List; /**
* User controller.
*/
@RestController
public class UserController { /**
* user service.
*/
private final IUserService userService; /**
* init.
*
* @param userService2 user service
*/
public UserController(final IUserService userService2) {
this.userService = userService2;
} /**
* find user list.
*
* @return list
*/
@GetMapping("user/list")
public ResponseEntity<List<User>> list() {
return ResponseEntity.ok(userService.findAll());
}
}

测试类

在实际的项目中可以使用profile来区分测试ut,使用test profile(包含H2内存库),真实环境使用MySQL或其它。

  • main
package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service.IUserService; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse; /**
* A way to test from H2.
* <p>
* Just a demo, and change profile to 'test' for H2, and 'product' for MySQL.
*/
@Profile("default")
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest
class JavaSpringbootUnit5ApplicationTests { @Autowired
IUserService userService; @Test
@DisplayName("Integration test")
void contextLoads() {
assertFalse(userService.findAll().isEmpty());
assertEquals("pdai", userService.findAll().get(0).getName());
} }
  • controller

mockMvc

package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.controller;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity.User;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service.IUserService; import java.util.Collections; import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status; /**
* user controller test - use mockito.
*/
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest { @Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc; @MockBean
private IUserService userService; /**
* test find all user.
*
* @throws Exception exception
*/
@Test
@DisplayName("Test findAll()")
public void list() throws Exception {
Mockito.when(userService.findAll()).thenReturn(
Collections.singletonList(new User(1, "pdai.tech", "1221111"))); mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/list")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk()); verify(userService, times(1)).findAll();
}
}
  • service

package tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.service.impl; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import tech.pdai.springboot2unit5.entity.User; import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify; @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
class UserServiceImplTest { @Mock
private UserServiceImpl userService; @Test
public void findAll() {
//Given
Mockito.when(userService.findAll()).thenReturn(
Collections.singletonList(new User(1, "pdai.tech", "1221111"))); //When
List<User> userDtoList = userService.findAll(); //Then
assertFalse(userDtoList.isEmpty());
verify(userService, times(1)).findAll();
}
}
  • 测试结果

Util测试

如果包含静态util的测试还可以加PowerMokito.

具体可以参考:测试结合powermock支持静态方法

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