Python xlwt 写Excel相关操作记录

1、安装xlwt

pip install xlwt

2、写Excel必要的几步

import xlwt
book = xlwt.Workbook()   　　　　　　#创建一个workbook，无编码设置编码
book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')    #创建一个workbook，并设置编码
sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')     # 创建一个sheet
sheet.write(1,0, label='test',style)        # 写入Excel操作，参数对应行、列、要写入的值，样式，样式可以不用带
book.save(self.file+"\test.xls")    # 保存Excel

运行后，会在file这个路径下生成一个“test.xls”的文件。

3、将时间写入到Excel单元格

import xlwt
import datetime
 
book = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = book.add_sheet('timetest')
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = 'YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss'  # 格式由自己选择，可自由指定
sheet.write(0, 3, datetime.datetime.now(), style)
book.save('timetest.xls')

4、字体的操作

 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow, 
（almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
 
    # 设置字体
    style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    font = xlwt.Font()
    font.bold = True    # 字体加粗
    font.name = 'Times New Roman'   # 选择字体
    font.underline = True   # 字体下划线
    font.italic = True  # 斜体
    font.height = 300   # 字体大小
    font.colour_index = 3  # 字体颜色
    style.font = font
    sheet.write(1,1,'This is a testcase')　　　　# 不带样式写入
    sheet.write(2,1,'This is a testcase',style)　　# 带样式写入
　　 book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

也可以换种方式：使用xlwt.easyxf

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
 
    style = xlwt.easyxf('font: colour_index red, bold on')
 
    # style = xlwt.easyxf('font: height 300')
    sheet.write(2,1,'This is a testcase',style)
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

5、设置单元格的宽、高

行宽设置：

xlwt中列宽的值表示方法：默认字体0的1/256为衡量单位。
xlwt创建时使用的默认宽度为2960，既11个字符0的宽度
我们在设置列宽时可以用此方法：width = 256 * 20    256为衡量单位，20表示20个字符宽度

    import xlwt
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    sheet.write(1,1,'This is a testcase')
    sheet.col(0).width = 5120    # 设置单元格宽度
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

行高设置：

行高可以不设定，会根据自己设置字体的大小自动适应行高

6、为单元格设置背景色

 may be :8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow, 
（almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray or 

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    sheet.col(1).width = 5120
    bg = xlwt.Pattern()
    bg.pattern = bg.SOLID_PATTERN   # NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
    bg.pattern_fore_colour = 3
    style.pattern = bg
    sheet.write(2,1,'This is a testcase',style)
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

设置背景色也可以换一种方式：使用xlwt.easyxf

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
 
    style = xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour red')
 
    sheet.write(2,1,'This is a testcase',style)
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

7、为单元格添加边框

borders的分类大致分为：NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    sheet.col(1).width = 5120
    borders = xlwt.Borders()
    borders.left = borders.DASHED
    # DASHED虚线
    # NO_LINE没有
    # THIN实线
    borders.right = borders.THIN
    borders.top = borders.NO_LINE
    borders.bottom = borders.DOUBLE
    borders.left_colour = 6
    borders.right_colour = 4
    borders.top_colour = 4
    borders.bottom_colour = 3
    style.borders = borders
    sheet.write(2,1,'This is a testcase',style)
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

8、设置单元格里面内容的对其方式

单元格对其方式有两种：水平对齐（hoze）和垂直对齐（vert）

水平对齐包含： HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED

垂直对齐包含：VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    aligment = xlwt.Alignment()
    aligment.horz = aligment.HORZ_CENTER    # 水平对齐方式
    aligment.vert = aligment.VERT_BOTTOM    # 垂直对其方式
    style.alignment = aligment
    sheet.write(2,1,'This is a testcase',style)
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

9、合并单元格行、列

合并单元格是在写入的时候合并，使用write_merge,相对于write来说里面增加了两个参数，即合并的行和列。write_merge参数的前两个代表要合并的行，三到四位参数代表的是要合并的列。

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    sheet.write_merge(1,3,1,1,'This is a testcase')   # 合并1-3行的1-1列，前两个参数代表行，后两个参数代表列
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls')

10、向单元格添加公式

向单元格中写公式时，通过xlwt.Formula添加公式

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    sheet.write(0,0,5)
    sheet.write(0,1,6)
    sheet.write(1,0,xlwt.Formula('A1*B1'))      # A1[5]*B1[6]=30
    sheet.write(2,0,xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1:A2)'))     # A1[5]+A2[30]=35
    book.save(file + '\\test_excel.xls'

11、向单元格添加超链接

    import xlwt
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('testsheet')
    sheet.write(0,0,xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("https://www.baidu.com";"百度")'))    # 向单元格写入文字：百度，并加上链接：https://www.baidu.com